Hypertension

Scottish Medical Journal

Volumn 52, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 36-42

  McManus, F ^a   Freel, E M ^a   Connell, J M C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATENOLOL; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; EPLERENONE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; POTASSIUM; SPIRONOLACTONE;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INCIDENCE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW;

EID: 38349078573     PISSN: 00369330     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.52.4.36     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Alderman MH, Ogihara T. Global challenge for overcoming high blood pressure: Fukuoka Statement, 19 October 2006. J Hypertens 2007; 25:, 727 (2007).
2. Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Gudelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum. Hypertens. 2004; 18: 139-185.
3. JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 2005; 91 (Supp 5): v1-52
4. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Risk Estimation and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. A National Clinical Guideline. Edinburgh: SIGN, 2007. Available online at http:/www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/ sign97.pdf (Accessed 27th September 2007)
5. McCarron PG, Smith GD, Womersley JJ Deprivation and mortality in Glasgow: changes from 1980 to 1992. Brit Med J 1994; 309: 1481-1482
6. Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M. SIGN group on risk estimation. By neglecting deprivation, cardiovascular risk scoring will exacerbate social gradients in disease. Heart 2006; 92; 307-310.
7. Woodward M, Brindle P, Tunstall-Pedoe, H. et al. Adding social deprivation and family history to cardiovascular risk assessment: the ASSIGN score from the Scottish Heart Health Extended Cohort (SHHEC). Heart 2007: 93: 172-176
8. Sattar N, Greer IA Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: opportunities for intervention and screening? BMJ 2002: 325: 157-160
9. Sattar N, McCarey DW, Capell H et al. Explaining how "high-grade" systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003; 108: 2957-2963
10. Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991; 338: 1281-1285
11. Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP, et al. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group. Lancet 1999; 353: 793-796
12. Bulpitt C, Fletcher A, Beckett N, et al. Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET): protocol for the main trial. Drugs Aging 2001; 18: 151-164
13. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 1903-1913
14. Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991; 338; 1281-1285
15. Cappuccio FP, Markandu ND, Carney C, et al. Double-blind randomised trial of modest salt restriction in older people. Lancet 1997; 350; 850-854
16. Elliott P. The INTERSALT study: an addition to the evidence on salt and blood pressure, and some implications. J Hum. Hypertens. 1989; 3: 289-298
17. Cutler JA, Stamler J. Introduction and summary of the dietary and nutritional methods and findings in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65 184S-190S
18. Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E, et al. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ 2007; 334: 885
19. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1966-1978
20. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997; 277: 1624-1632
21. Siani A, Strazullo P, Giacco A, et al. Increasing the dietary potassium intake reduces the need for antihypertensive medication. Ann. Intern. Med 1991; 115: 753-759
22. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1117-1124
23. Appel LJ, Champagne CM, Harsha DW et al. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 2083-2093
24. Laragh JH, Letcher RL, Pickering TG Renin profiling for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. JAMA 1979; 241: 151-156
25. Deary AJ, Schumann AL, Murfet H, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparison of five classes of antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens. 2002; 20: 771-777
26. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. MRC Working Party, Brit Med J 1992; 304: 405-412.
27. Brown MJ Hypertension and ethnic group. BMJ 2006; 332: 833-836
28. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997
29. Wright JT Jr, Dunn JK. Cutler A et al. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA 2005; 293: 1595-1608.
30. Tumbull,F Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527-1535
31. Poulter NR, Wedel H, Dahlof B, et al. Role of blood pressure and other variables in the differential cardiovascular event rates noted in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet 2005; 366: 907-913
32. GressTW. Nieto FJ. Shahar E, et al. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study N Engl J Med 2000; 342; 905-912
33. Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atonolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895-906
34. Lim PO, Rodgers P, Cardale K, et al. Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. Lancet 1999: 353; 40
35. Chapman N, Dobson J. Wilson S, et al. Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension 2007; 49: 839-845
36. Lane DA, Shah S, Beevers DG. Low-dose spironolactone in the management of resistant hypertension: a surveillance study. J Hypertens. 2007; 25: 891-894
37. Struthers AD. Aldosterone blockade in cardiovascular disease. Heart 2004; 90: 1229-1234
38. Yoshimoto T, Hirata Y. Aldosterone as a Cardiovascular Risk Hormone. Endocr. J 2007; 54:350-70
39. Colhoun HM, Dong W, Poulter NR. Blood pressure screening, management and control in England: results from the health survey for England 1994. J Hypertens. 1998; 16: 747-752
40. Stowasser M, Gordon RD. Monogenic mineralocorticoid hypertension. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol.Metab 2006; 20; 401-420
41. Caulfield M, Munroe P, Pembroke J, et al. Genome-wide mapping of human loci for essential hypertension. Lancet 2003; 361; 2118-2123
42. Wilson FH Disse-Nicodeme S, Choate A, et al. Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases. Science 2001; 293: 1107-1112
43. Newhouse SJ, Wallace C, Dobson R, et al. Haplotypes of the WNK1 gene associate with blood pressure variation in a severely hypertensive population from the British Genetics of Hypertension study Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005; 14: 1805-1814.
44. Lim PO, Rodgers P, Cardale K, et al. Potentially high prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a primary-care population. 1999; Lancet 353; 40
45. Vasan RS. Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. Serum aldosterone and the incidence of hypertension in nonhypertensive persons. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 33-41.
46. Milliez P, Girerd X. Plouln PF, et al. Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 45; 1243-1246
47. Pitt B, Zannad F. Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 709-717
48. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321
49. Pitt B, Reichek N, Willenbrock R, et al. Effects of eplerenone, enalapril, and eplerenone/enalapril in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the 4E-left ventricular hypertrophy study. Circulation 2003; 108: 1831-1838