The question of European identity: Europe in the American mirror

European Journal of Social Theory

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 87-105

  Kumar, Krishan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

America; Anti Americanism; Europe; Identity; Intellectuals

Indexed keywords

EID: 38349074422     PISSN: 13684310     EISSN: 14617137     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368431007085289     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. AlSayyad, Nezar and Castells, Manuel, eds (2002) Muslim Europe or Euro-Islam. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
2. Ash, Timothy G. and Dahrendorf, Ralf (2005) ' The Renewal of Europe: Response to Habermas ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 141 - 5. London and New York: Verso.
3. Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen, eds (1995) The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
4. Bauman, Zygmunt (1989) Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.
5. Bernstein, Richard (2003) ' Continent Wrings Its Hands Over Proclaiming Its Faith ', New York Times, 12 November: A4.
6. Borradori, Giovanna, ed. (2003) Philosophy in a Time of Terrors: Dialogues with Jrgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. Casanova, Jos (1994) Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
8. Chakrabarty, Dipesh (2000) Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Crouch, Colin (1999) Social Change in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10. Davie, Grace (1996) ' Contrastes dans l'heritage religieux de l'Europe ', in G. Davie and D. Hervieu-Lger (eds) Identits Religieuses en Europe, pp. 45 - 65. Paris: La Dcouverte.
11. - (2000) Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12. - (2002) Europe, The Exceptional Case: Parameters of Faith in the Modern World. London: Darton Longman and Todd.
13. - (2006) ' Is Europe an Exceptional Case? ', The Hedgehog Review 8 (1 - 2). 23 - 34.
14. Davis, Mike (1986) Prisoners of the American Dream. London: Verso.
15. Dawley, Alan (1991) Struggles for Justice: Social Responsibility and the Liberal State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16. Delanty, Gerard and Rumford, Chris (2005) Rethinking Europe: Social Theory and the Implications of Europeanization. London and New York: Routledge.
17. Derrida, Jacques (2002) Voyous: Deux Essais Sur La Raison. Paris: Galile.
18. Diner, Dan (2005) ' Between Sovereignty and Human Rights: Juxtaposing American and European Tradition ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 91 - 4. London and New York: Verso.
19. Eco, Umberto (2005) ' An Uncertain Europe Between Rebirth and Decline ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 14 - 20. London and New York: Verso.
20. Esterhzy, Pter (2005) ' How Big is the European Dwarf? ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 74 - 9. London and New York: Verso.
21. Foner, Eric (1984) ' Why No is there no Socialism in the United States? ', History Workshop Journal 17: 57 - 80.
22. Grimm, Dieter (2005) ' A Great Innovation of Our Times: As a Worldwide Recognized Role Model, Europe Does Not Need a Constitution ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 95 - 102. London and New York: Verso.
23. Habermas, Jrgen and Derrida, Jacques (2005) ' February 15, or, What Binds Europeans Together: Plea for a Common European Policy, Beginning in Core Europe ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 3 - 13. London and New York: Verso.
24. Herberg, Will (1960) Protestant, Catholic, Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology (New Edition). New York: Doubleday.
25. Heins, Volker (2005) ' Orientalising America? Continental Intellectuals and the Search for Europe's Identity ', Millennium: Journal of International Studies 34 (2). 433 - 48.
26. Hollander, Paul (1992) Anti-Americanism: Critiques at Home and Abroad, 1965-1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27. Horkheimer, Max and Adorno, Theodor W. (2002 [ 1944 ]) Dialectic of Enlightenment (trans., Edmund Jephcott). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
28. Hunter, Shireen T., ed. (2002) Islam, Europe's Second Religion. Westport, CT: Praeger.
29. Hutton, Will (2002) The World We're In. London: Little, Brown.
30. James, Harold (2005) ' Foreign Policy Turned Inside Out ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 59 - 63. London and New York: Verso.
31. Kagan, Robert (2003) Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. London: Atlantic.
32. Kumar, Krishan (2001) ' The 1989 Revolutions and the Idea of Europe ', in 1989: Revolutionary Ideas and Ideals, Minneapolis, pp. 71 - 103. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
33. Kumar, Krishan (2003) ' Britain, England and Europe: Cultures in Contraflow ', European Journal of Social Theory 6 (1). 5 - 23.
34. Landes, David S. (1999) The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich And Some So Poor. New York: W. W. Norton.
35. Langguth, Gerd (2005) ' Who Came Up With the Idea of "Core Europe"? ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 160 - 3. London and New York: Verso.
36. Levy, Daniel and Sznaider, Natan (2007) ' Memories of Europe: Cosmopolitanism and Its Others ', in C. Rumford (ed.) Cosmopolitanism in Europe, pp. 158 - 77. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
37. Levy, Daniel, Pensky, Max, and Torpey, John, eds (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War. London and New York: Verso.
38. Lipset, S.M. and Marks, Gary (2002) It Didn't Happen Here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
39. Markovits, Andrei S. (2005) ' Anti- Americanism in Europe: From Elite Disdain to Political Force ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 198 - 207. London and New York: Verso.
40. Markovits, Andrei S. (2007). Uncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
41. Martin, David (1978) A General Theory of Secularization. Oxford: Blackwell.
42. McKay, David (1994) Politics and Power in the USA (2 nd Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
43. Mazower, Mark (1998) Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century. London: Penguin Books.
44. Meier, Christian (2005) From Athens to Auschwitz: The Uses of History (trans., Deborah Lucas Schneider). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
45. Nielsen, Jorgen (2004) Muslims in Western Europe. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
46. Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald (2004) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Norris, Pippa and Inglehart, Ronald (2006) ' Sellers or Buyers in Religious Markets? The Supply and Demand of Religion ', The Hedgehog Review 8 (1 - 2). 69 - 92.
48. Revel, Jean-Franois (2003) L'Obsession AntiAmricaine. Paris: Plon.
49. Rifkin, Jeremy (2005) The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher / Penguin.
50. Roger, Phillipe (2005) The American Enemy: A Story of French Anti-Americanism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
51. Ross, Jan (2005) ' The Ghosts of the Chocolate Summit ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 67 - 71. London and New York: Verso.
52. Said, Edward (1994) Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage.
53. Savater, Fernando (2005) ' Europe, Both Needed, and In Need ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 41 - 3. London and New York: Verso.
54. Schieder, Peter (2004) ' Across the Great Divide: Europe and America ', New York Times, 13 March: 14 - 15.
55. Sciolino, Elaine (2004) ' God's Place in Charter is Dividing Europeans ', New York Times, 26 May: A12.
56. Simmel, Georg (2005 [ 1915 ]) ' Europe and America in World History', (trans., Austin Harrington), European Journal of Social Theory 8 (1). 63 - 72.
57. Sontag, Susan (2005) ' Literature is Freedom ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 208 - 22. London and New York: Verso.
58. Therborn, Gran (1995) European Modernity and Beyond: The Trajectory of European Societies 1945-2000. London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
59. Thornton, John (1998) Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400 - 1800 (2 nd Edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Todd, Emmanuel (2003) After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order (trans., C. Jon Delogu). New York: Columbia University Press.
61. Turner, Charles (2004) ' Jrgen Habermas: European or German?', European Journal of Political Theory 3 (3). 293 - 314.
62. Vattimo, Gianni (2005) ' The European Union Faces the Major Points of its Development ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 28 - 33. London and New York: Verso.
63. Young, Iris Marion (2005) ' De-Centering the Project of Global Democracy ', in D. Levy, M. Pensky and J. Torpey (eds) (2005) Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations After the Iraq War, pp. 153 - 9. London and New York: Verso.