Oral medication

Spasticity Management: a Practical Multidisciplinary Guide

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 59-70

  Stevenson, Valerie L ^a  

^a NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 38149049603     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.3109/9780203090541-11     Document Type: Chapter

References (72)

1. Department of Health. Copying Letters to Patients:Good Practice Guidelines. London: DoH, 2003.
2. Hill DR, Bowery NG. 3H-baclofen and 3H-GABA bind to bicuculline insensitive GABA-B sites in rat brain. Nature 1981;290:149-52.
3. Price GW, Kelly JS, Bowery NG. The location of GABA-B receptor binding sites in mammalian spinal cord. Synapse 1987;1:530-8.
4. Davies J. Selective depression of synaptic excitation in cat spinal neurons by baclofen: An inotophorectic study. Br J Pharm 1981;72:373-84.
5. Gracies JM, Elovic E, McGuire J, Simpson D. Traditional pharmacological treatments for spasticity. Part II: General and regional treatments. Muscle Nerve Suppl 1997;6:S92-120.
6. Nicoll RA. My close encounter with GABA(B) receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;688:1667-74.
7. Montane E, Vallano A, Laporte JR. Oral antispastic drugs in nonprogressive neurologic diseases: a systematic review. Neurology 2004;63:1357-63.
8. Pinto OD, Polikar M, Debono G. Results of international clinical trials with Lioresal. Postgrad Med J 1972;48(Suppl 5):18-23.
9. Duncan GW, Shahani BT, Young RR. An evaluation of baclofen treatment for certain symptoms in patients with spinal cord lesions: a double blind cross over study. Neurology 1976;26:441-6.
10. Milla PJ, Jackson ADM. A controlled trial of baclofen in children with cerebral palsy. J Int Med Res 1997;5:398-404.
11. Medaer R, Hellebuyk H, Van Den Brande E et al. Treatment of spasticity due to stroke. A double-blind, cross-over trial comparing baclofen with placebo. Acta Therapeutica 1991;17:323-31.
12. Medici M, Pebet M, Ciblis D. A double-blind, longterm study of tizanidine (‘Sirdalud’) in spasticity due to cerebrovascular lesions. Curr Med Res Opin 1989;11:398-407.
13. Shakespeare DT, Boggild M, Young C. Anti-spasticity agents for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(4):CD001332.
14. Beard S, Hunn A, Wight J. Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2003;7(40).
15. Paisley S, Beard S, Hunn A, Wight J. Clinical effectiveness of oral treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis:a systematic review.Mult Scler 2002;8:319-29.
16. Cartlidge NE, Hudgson P, Weightman D. A comparison of baclofen and diazepam in the treatment of spasticity. J Neurol Sci 1974;23:17-24.
17. From A, Heltberg A. A double-blind trial with baclofen (Lioresal) and diazepam in spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1975;51:158-66.
18. Roussan M, Terence C, Fromm G. Baclofen versus diazepam for the treatment of spasticity and long-term follow-up of baclofen therapy. Pharmatherapeutica 1985;5:278-84.
19. Hattab JR. Review of European clinical trials with baclofen. In: Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP (eds). Spasticity: Disordered Motor Control. Chicago, IL: Year Book, 1980:71-85.
20. Roy CW, Wakefield IR. Baclofen pseudopsychosis:case report. Paraplegia 1986;24:318-21.
21. Ryan DM, Blumenthal FS. Baclofen-induced dyskinesia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993;74:766-7.
22. Terrence DV, Fromm GH. Complications of baclofen withdrawal. Arch Neurol 1981;38:588-9.
23. Smith CR, La Rocca NG, Giesser BS, Scheinberg LC. High-dose oral baclofen: experience in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1991;41:1829-31.
24. Coward DM. Tizanidine: neuropharmacology and mechanism of action. Neurology 1994;44(11 Suppl 9):S6-11.
25. Abruzzese G. The medical management of spasticity. Eur J Neurol 2002;9(Suppl 1):30-4.
26. Nance PW, Shears AH, Nance DM. Reflex changes induced by clonidine in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 1989;27:296-301.
27. Meythaler JM, Guin-Refroe S, Johnson A, Brunner RM. Prospective assessment of tizanidine for spasticity due to acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1155-63.
28. Ward A, Chaffman MO, Sorkin EM. Dantrolene: a review of its pharmokinetic properties and therapeutic use in malignant hyperthermia, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome and an update of its use in muscle spasticity. Drugs 1986;32:130-68.
29. Herman R, Mayer N, Mecomber SA. Clinical pharmaco- physiology of dantrolene sodium. Am J Phys Med 1972;51:296-311.
30. Pinder RM, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Dantrolene sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic effect in spasticity. Drugs 1977;13:3-23.
31. Monster AW. Spasticity and the effect of dantrolene sodium. Arch Phys Medi Rehabil 1974;55:373-83.
32. Schmidt RT, Lee RH, Spehlmann R. Comparison of dantrolene sodium and diazepam in the treatment of spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976;39:350-6.
33. Weiser R, Terenty T, Hudgson P, Weightman D. Dantrolene sodium in the treatment of spasticity in chronic spinal cord disease. Practitioner 1978;221:123-7.
34. Ketel WB, Kolb ME. Long-term treatment with dantrolene sodium of stroke patients with spasticity limiting the return of function. Curr Med Res Opin 1984;9:161-9.
35. Katrak PH, Cole AMD, Poulos CJ, McCauley JCK. Objective assessment of spasticity, strength, and function with early exhibition of dantrolene sodium after cerebrovascular accident: a randomised double-blind controlled study. Arch PhysMed Rehabil 1992;73:4-9.
36. Haslam RHA, Walcher JR, Lietman PS et al. Dantrolene sodium in children with spasticity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1974;55:383-8.
37. Mai J, Pederson E. Mode of action of dantrolene sodium in spasticity. Acta Neurol Scand 1979;59:309-16.
38. Wilson LA, McKechnie AA. Oral diazepam in the treatment of spasticity in paraplegia: a double blind trial and subsequent impressions. Scott Med J 1966;11:46-51.
39. Corbett M, Frankel HL, Michaelis L. A double-blind cross-over trial of valium in the treatment of spasticity. Paraplegia 1972;10:19-22.
40. Cook JB, NathanPW.On the site of action of diazepam on spasticity in man. J Neurol Sci 1967;5:33-7.
41. Costa E, Guidotti A. Molecular mechanisms in the receptor action of the benzodiazepines. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1979;19:531-45.
42. Olsen RW. GABA-benzodiazepine-barbiturate receptor interactions. J Neurochem 1987;37:1-13.
43. March HO. Diazepam in incapacitated cerebral palsied children. JAMA 1965;191:797-800.
44. Engle HA. The effect of diazepam (Valium) in children with cerebral palsy: a double-blind study. Devel Med Child Neurol 1966;8:661-7.
45. Geller A. Common addictions. Clin Symp 1996;48:23-24.
46. Alden KJ, Garcia J. Differential effect of gabapentin on neuronal and muscle calcium currents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;297:727-35.
47. Czapinski P, Blaszczyk B, Czuczwar SJ. Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2005;5:3-14.
48. Maneuf YP, Gonzalez MI, Sutton KS et al. Cellular and molecular action of the putative GABA-mimetic, gabapentin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003;60:742-50.
49. Mueller ME, Gruenthal M, Olson WL, Olson WH. Gabapentin for relief of upper motor neuron symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78:521-4.
50. Cutter NC, Scott DD, Johnson JC, Whiteneck G. Gabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:164-9.
51. Gruenthal M, Mueller M, Olson WL et al. Gabapentin for the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1997;35:686-9.
52. Formica A, Verger K, Sol JM, Morralla C. Gabapentin for spasticity: a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Med Clin (Barc) 2005;124:81-5.
53. Beydoun A, Uthman BM, Sackellares JC. Gabapentin:pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18:469-81.
54. Baker D, Pryce G, Giavannoni G, Thompson AJ. The therapeutic potential of cannabis. Lancet Neurol 2003;2:291-8.
55. Howlett AC, Barth F, Bonner TI et al. International Union of Pharmacology: XXVII, Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2002;54:161-202.
56. Wilson RI, Nicoll RA. Endocannabinoid signalling in the brain. Science 2002;296:678-82.
57. Wade DT, Robson P, House H et al. A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. Clin Rehabil 2003;17:21-9.
58. WadeDT, Makela P, Robson P et al. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult Scler 2004;10:434-41.
59. Zajicek J, Fox P, SandersHet al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1517-26.
60. Fox P, Bain PG, Glickman S et al. The effect of cannabis on tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004;62:1105-9.
61. Metz L, Page S. Oral cannabinoids for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: will attitude continue to limit use? Lancet 2003;362:1513.
62. Vaney C, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Jobin P et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mult Scler 2004;10:417-42.
63. Brady CM, DasGupta R, Dalton C et al. An openlabel pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004;10:425-33.
64. Zajicek JP, Sanders HP, Wright DE et al. Cannabinoids inMultiple Sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1664-9.
65. Kumar RN, Chambers WA, Pertwee RG. Pharmacological action and therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids. Anaesthesia 2001;56:1059-68.
66. Smith PF. Cannabinoids in the treatment of pain and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2002;3:859-64.
67. Nance PW, Bugaresti J, Shellenberger K et al, and the North American Tizanidine Study Group. Efficacy and safety of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Neurology 1994;44(Suppl 9):44-52.
68. Weingarden SI, Belen JG. Clonidine transdermal system for treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:876-7.
69. Hawker K, Frohman E, Racke M. Levetiracetam for phasic spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1772-4.
70. Grant SM, Heel RC. Vigabatrin - a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in epilepsy and disorders of motor control. Drugs 1991;41:889-926.
71. Potter PJ, Hayes KC, Segal JL et al. Randomised doubleblind crossover trial of Fampridine-SR (sustained release 4-aminopyridine) in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neuro Trauma 1998;15:837-49.
72. Davidoff RA. Antispasticity drugs: mechanisms of action. Ann Neurol 1985;17:107-16.