Diabetes and vascular disease

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 127-138

  Deedwania, Prakash ^a   Srikanth, Sundararajan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Cerebrovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus; Peripheral arterial disease

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACARBOSE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID PLUS DIPYRIDAMOLE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DIURETIC AGENT; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INDAPAMIDE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; PRAVASTATIN; RAMIPRIL; ROSIGLITAZONE; SIMVASTATIN; SULFONYLUREA; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC MICROANGIOPATHY; DIET RESTRICTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENDARTERECTOMY; EXERCISE; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; SURVIVAL RATE; THROMBOCYTE FUNCTION; TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; VASCULAR DISEASE;

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; LIFE STYLE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 38049151272     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.1.127     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Hu G, Jousilahti P, Katoh S, Tuomilehto, J. Sex differences in cardiovascular and total mortality among diabetic and nondiabetic individuals with or without history of myocardial infarction. Diabetologia 48(5), 856-861 (2005).
2. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364(9438), 937-952 (2004).
3. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2006. Diabetes Care 29 (Suppl. 1), S4-S42 (2006).
4. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Study. JAMA 241, 2035-2038 (1979).
5. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Update on some epidemiological features of intermittent claudication: the Framingham Study. J. Am. Geriatr Soc. 33, 13-18 (1985).
6. Americal Diabetes Association. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 26, 3333-3341 (2003).
7. Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann. Intern. Med. 141, 421-431 (2004).
8. Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. Br. Med. J. 332(7553), 73-78 (2006).
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults - United States, 1999-2000. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 52(35), 833-837 (2003).
10. Savoia C, Schiffrin EL. Vascular inflammation in hypertension and diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Clin. Sci. (London) 112(7), 375-384 (2007).
11. Kanter JE, Johansson F, LeBoeuf RC et al. Do glucose and lipids exert independent effects on atherosclerotic lesion initiation or progression to advanced plaques? Cir. Res. 100(6), 769-781 (2007).
12. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(14), 977-986 (1993).
13. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. UKPDS, Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352, 837-853 (1998).
14. Balkau B, Hu G, Qiao Q et al. Prediction of the risk of cardiovascular mortality using a score that includes glucose as a risk factor. The DECODE Study. Diabetologia 47(12), 2118-2128 (2004).
15. Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY et al. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (25), 2643-2653 (2005).
16. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R et al. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA 290(4), 486-94 (2003).
17. Stettler C, Allemann S, Juni P et al. Glycemic control and macrovascular disease in Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am. Heart J. 152(1), 27-38 (2006).
18. Lindstrom J, Llanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M et al. Sustained reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Lancet 368 (9548), 1673-1679 (2006).
19. Diabetes prevention program research group. Reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N. Engl. J. Med. 346(6), 393-403 (2002).
20. The DREAM (Diabetes Reduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 368, 1096-1105 (2006).
21. Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N. Engl. J. Med. 356(24), 2457-2471 (2007).
22. Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H et al. Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycemia in Diabetes (RECORD) Study: interim findings on cardiovascular hospitalizations and deaths. N. Engl. J. Med. (2007). DOI: 10.1056/NEJM oa73394.
23. Chahil TJ, Ginsberg HN. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 35(3), 491-510, vii-viii (2006).
24. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol lowering treatment: prospective meta-anatysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins. Lancet 366(9493), 1267-1278 (2005).
25. Shepherd J, Barter P, Carmena R et al. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) Study. Diabetes Care 29(6), 1220-1226 (2006).
26. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH et al. Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering with statins after acute coronary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 350(15), 1495-1504 (2004).
27. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atrovastatin in Type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364 (9435), 685-696 (2004).
28. ACCORD Study Group. The ACCORD trial: a multidisciplinary approach to control cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pract. Diabetol. 23, 6-11 (2004).
29. El-Atat F, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular derangements: pathophysiology and management. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 6(3), 215-223 (2004).
30. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Review: Insulin and endothelin: an interplay contributing to hypertension development? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92(2), 379-385 (2007).
31. Patel A, MacMohan S, Chalmers J et al; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 370(9590), 829-40 (2007).
32. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome scientific statement: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Executive summary. Circulation 112(17), 2735-2752 (2005).
33. Franz MJ, Bantle JP, Beebe CA et al. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition principles and recommendation in diabetes. Diabetes Care 27 (Suppl. 1), S36-S46 (2004).
34. Buse JB, Ginsberg HN, Bakris GL et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation 115, 114-126 (2007).
35. Turnbull F, Neal B, Algert C et al. Blood Pressure Lowering Trialists' Collboration. Effects of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomized trials. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 1410-1419 (2005).
36. Varughese GI, Lip GY. Antihypertensive therapy in diabetes mellitus: insights from ALLHAT and the Blood Pressure-Lowering Treatment Trialists' collaboration meta-analysis. J. Hum. Hypertens. 19, 851-853 (2005).
37. Smith SC Jr, Allen J, Blair SN et al. AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patient with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update: endorsed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Circulation 113, 2363-2372 (2006).
38. Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of patient with acute myocardial infarction). J. Am. Coll Cardiol. 44(3), E1-F211 (2004).
39. Breeman A, Hordijk M, Lenzen M et al. Treatment decisions in stable coronary artery disease in a broad range of European practices. Insights from the Euro Heart Survey on coronary revascularization. J. Thor. Cardiovasc. Surg. 132, 1001-1009 (2006).
40. Barsness GW, Gersh BJ, Brooks MM, Frye R; BARI 2D Trial Investigators. Rationale for the revascularization arm of the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes (BARI 2D) trial. Am. J. Cardiol. 97 (12A), 31G-40G (2006).
41. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke. A statement for health care professionals from the stroke council of the American Heart Association. Stroke 32, 280-293 (2001).
42. Goodney PP, Schermehorn MK, Powell RJ. Current status of carotid artery stenting. J. Vasc. Surg. 43, 406-411 (2006).
43. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE subsutdy. Lancet 355, 253-259 (2000).
44. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of a perindorpil-based blood- pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lancet 358, 1033-1041 (2001).
45. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288, 2981-2997 (2002).
46. Heart Protection Study Collaboration Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361, 2005-2016 (2003).
47. Colwell JA. Aspirin therapy in diabetes (Technical review). Diabetes Care 20, 1767-1771 (1997).
48. Diener F, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM et al. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364, 331-337 (2004).
49. Bhatt DL, Fox KA, Hacke W et al. for the CHARISMA investigators. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1706-1717 (2006).
50. Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation 110, 738-743 (2004).
51. American Diabetes Association. Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 26, 3333-3341 (2003).
52. Jude EB, Oyibo SO, Chalmers N et al. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a comparison of severity and outcome. Diabetes Care 24, 1433-1437 (2001).
53. Hiatt WR. Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease and claudication. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1608-1621 (2001).
54. Dormandy JA, Rutherford RB; TASC Working Group. TransAtlantic Inter-Society Concensus (TASC), Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). J. Vasc. Surg. 31, S1-S296 (2000).
55. Loosemore T, Chalmers T, Dormandy J. A meta-analysis of randomized placebo control trials in Fontaine stages III and IV peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Int. Angiol. 13, 133-142 (1994).
56. PROactive study executive committee and data and safety monitoring committee. Lancet 367(9515), 982 (2006).
57. Gray A, Clarke P, Farmer A, Holman R; United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Implementing intensive control of blood glucose concentration and blood pressure in Type 2 diabetes in England: cost analysis (UKPDS 63). Br. Med. J. 325(7389), 860 (2002).
58. Vijgen SM, Hoogendoom M, Baan CA, de Wit GA, Limburg W, Feenstra TL. Cost effectiveness of preventive interventions in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review. Pharmacoeconomics 24, 425-441 (2006).
59. Minshall ME, Roze S, Palmer AJ et al. Treating diabetes to accepted standards of care: a 10-year projection of the estimated economic and health impact in patients with type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States. Clin. Ther. 27, 940-950 (2005).
60. Blonde L, Rosenstock J, Triplitt C. What are incretins, and how will they influence the management of Type 2 diabetes? J. Manag. Care Pharm. 12(7 Suppl. A), 2-12 (2006).
61. Kendall DM, Riddle MC, Rosenstock J et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes Care 28, 1083-1091 (2005).
62. Blonde L, Klein EJ, Han J et al. Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 8, 436-447 (2006).
63. Green BD, Flatt PR, Bailey CJ. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors: a newly emerging drug class for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Vasc. Dis. Res. 3, 159-65 (2006).
64. Davidson M. Global risk management in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Cardiol. 99(Suppl.), 41B-50B (2007).