Estradiol is associated with mortality in critically ill trauma and surgical patients

Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 62-68

  May, Addison K ^a   Dossett, Lesly A ^a   Norris, Patrick R ^a   Hansen, Erik N ^a   Dorsett, Randalyn C ^a   Popovsky, Kimberley A ^b   Sawyer, Robert G ^b  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

Aromatase; Critical care; Estradiol; Mortality; Sexual dimorphism; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; TESTOSTERONE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SURGICAL PATIENT;

EID: 37549059944     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000292015.16171.6D     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Awad SS. State-of-the-art therapy for severe sepsis and multisystem organ dysfunction. Am J Surg 2003; 186:23S-30S
2. Lee CC, Marill KA, Carter WA, et al: A current concept of trauma-induced multiorgan failure. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:170-176
3. Marshall JC, Cook DJ, Christou NV, et al: Multiple organ dysfunction score: A reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1638-1652
4. Angele MK, Wichmann MW, Ayala A, et al: Testosterone receptor blockade after hemorrhage in males: Restoration of the depressed immune functions and improved survival following subsequent sepsis. Arch Surg 1997; 132:1207-1214
5. Knoferl MW, Angele MK, Diodato MD, et al: Female sex hormones regulate macrophage function after trauma-hemorrhage and prevent increased death rate from subsequent sepsis. Ann Surg 2002; 235:105-112
6. Schneider CP, Nickel EA, Samy TS, et al: The aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, restores immune responses following trauma-hemorrhage in males and decreases mortality from subsequent sepsis. Shock 2000; 14:347-353
7. Wichmann MW, Zellweger R, DeMaso CM, et al: Mechanism of immunosuppression in males following trauma-hemorrhage: Critical role of testosterone. Arch Surg 1996; 131:1186-1191
8. Wichmann MW, Angele MK, Ayala A, et al: Flutamide: A novel agent for restoring the depressed cell-mediated immunity following soft-tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Shock 1997; 8:242-248
9. Wichmann MW, Inthorn D, Andress HJ, et al: Incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in surgical intensive care patients: The influence of patient gender on disease process and outcome. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:167-172
10. Zellweger R, Wichmann MW, Ayala A, et al: Females in proestrus state maintain splenic immune functions and tolerate sepsis better than males. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:106-110
11. Angstwurm MW, Gaertner R, Schopohl J: Outcome in elderly patients with severe infection is influenced by sex hormones but not gender. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:2786-2793
12. Bowles BJ, Roth B, Demetriades D: Sexual dimorphism in trauma? A retrospective evaluation of outcome. Injury 2003; 34:27-31
13. Crabtree TD, Pelletier SJ, Gleason TG, et al: Gender-dependent differences in outcome after the treatment of infection in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1999; 282:2143-2148
14. Croce MA, Fabian TC, Malhotra AK, et al: Does gender difference influence outcome? J Trauma 2002; 53:889-894
15. Eachempati SR, Hydo L, Barie PS: Gender-based differences in outcome in patients with sepsis. Arch Surg 1999; 134:1342-1347
16. Gannon CJ, Pasquale M, Tracy JK, et al: Male gender is associated with increased risk for postinjury pneumonia. Shock 2004; 21:410-414
17. George RL, McGwin G Jr, Metzger J, et al: The association between gender and mortality among trauma patients as modified by age. J Trauma 2003; 54:464-471
18. George RL, McGwin G Jr, Windham ST, et al: Age-related gender differential in outcome after blunt or penetrating trauma. Shock 2003; 19:28-32
19. George RL, McGwin G Jr, Schwacha MG, et al: The association between sex and mortality among burn patients as modified by age. J Burn Care Rehabil 2005; 26:416-421
20. Kollef MH, Sharpless L, Vlasnik J, et al: The impact of nosocomial infections on patient outcomes following cardiac surgery. Chest 1997; 112:666-675
21. Morris JA Jr, MacKenzie EJ, Damiano AM, et al: Mortality in trauma patients: The interaction between host factors and severity. J Trauma 1990; 30:1476-1482
22. Napolitano LM, Greco ME, Rodriguez A, et al: Gender differences in adverse outcomes after blunt trauma. J Trauma 2001; 50:274-280
23. Oberholzer A, Keel M, Zellweger R, et al: Incidence of septic complications and multiple organ failure in severely injured patients is sex specific. J Trauma 2000; 48:932-937
24. Offner PJ, Moore EE, Biffl WL: Male gender is a risk factor for major infections after surgery. Arch Surg 1999; 134:935-938
25. Rello J, Ollendorf DA, Oster G, et al: Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database. Chest 2002; 122:2115-2121
26. Romo H, Amaral AC, Vincent JL: Effect of patient sex on intensive care unit survival. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164:61-65
27. Schroder J, Kahlke V, Staubach KH, et al: Gender differences in human sepsis. Arch Surg 1998; 133:1200-1205
28. Valentin A, Jordan B, Lang T, et al: Gender-related differences in intensive care: A multiple-center cohort study of therapeutic interventions and outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1901-1907
29. Vuorisalo S, Haukipuro K, Pokela R, et al: Risk features for surgical-site infections in coronary artery bypass surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19:240-247
30. Wisplinghoff H, Perbix W, Seifert H: Risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii: A case-control study of adult burn patients. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:59-66
31. Simpson ER, Merrill JC, Hollub AJ, et al: Regulation of estrogen biosynthesis by human adipose cells. Endocr Rev 1989; 10:136-148
32. Simpson ER, Mahendroo MS, Means GD, et al: Aromatase cytochrome P450, the enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis. Endocr Rev 1994; 15:342-355
33. Simpson ER: Aromatase: Biologic relevance of tissue-specific expression. Semin Reprod Med 2004; 22:11-23
34. Simpson ER, Ackerman GE, Smith ME, et al: Estrogen formation in stromal cells of adipose tissue of women: Induction by glucocorticosteroids. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:5690-5694
35. Zhao Y, Mendelson CR, Simpson ER: Characterization of the sequences of the human CYP19 (aromatase) gene that mediate regulation by glucocorticoids in adipose stromal cells and fetal hepatocytes. Mol Endocrinol 1995; 9:340-349
36. Christeff N, Benassayag C, Carli-Vielle C, et al: Elevated oestrogen and reduced testosterone levels in the serum of male septic shock patients. J Steroid Biochem 1988; 29:435-440
37. Christeff N, Carli A, Benassayag C, et al: Relationship between changes in serum estrone levels and outcome in human males with septic shock. Circ Shock 1992; 36:249-255
38. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, et al: APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985; 13:818-829
39. Homo-Delarche F, Fitzpatrick F, Christeff N, et al: Sex steroids, glucocorticoids, stress and autoimmunity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 40:619-637
40. Yokoyama Y, Kuebler JF, Matsutani T, et al: Mechanism of the salutary effects of 17beta-estradiol following trauma-hemorrhage: Direct downregulation of Kupffer cell proinflammatory cytokine production. Cytokine 2003; 21:91-97
41. Fourrier F, Jallot A, Leclerc L, et al: Sex steroid hormones in circulatory shock, sepsis syndrome, and septic shock. Circ Shock 1994; 43:171-178
42. Lephart ED, Baxter CR, Parker CR Jr: Effect of burn trauma on adrenal and testicular steroid hormone production. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64:842-848
43. Majetschak M, Christensen B, Obertacke U, et al: Sex differences in posttraumatic cytokine release of endotoxin-stimulated whole blood: Relationship to the development of severe sepsis. J Trauma 2000; 48:832-839
44. Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, et al: The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1546-1554
45. Schroder J, Kahlke V, Book M, et al: Gender differences in sepsis: Genetically determined? Shock 2000; 14:307-310
46. Spratt DI, Morton JR, Kramer RS, et al: Increases in serum estrogen levels during major illness are caused by increased peripheral aromatization. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E631-E638
47. Brueggemeier RW, Hackett JC, Diaz-Cruz ES: Aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Endocr Rev 2005; 26:331-345
48. Wei J, Xu H, Davies JL, et al: Increase of plasma IL-6 concentration with age in healthy subjects. Life Sci 1992; 51:1953-1956
49. Ansar AS, Penhale WJ, Talal N: Sex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms of sex hormone action. Am J Pathol 1985; 121:531-551
50. Bengtsson AK, Ryan EJ, Giordano D, et al: 17beta-Estradiol (E2) modulates cytokine and chemokine expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 2004; 104:1404-1410
51. Kramer PR, Kramer SF, Guan G: 17 beta-Estradiol regulates cytokine release through modulation of CD16 expression in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:1967-1975
52. Mikkola TS, St Clair RW: Estradiol reduces basal and cytokine induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Maturitas 2002; 41:313-319
53. Mor G, Sapi E, Abrahams VM, et al: Interaction of the estrogen receptors with the Fas ligand promoter in human monocytes. J Immunol 2003; 170:114-122
54. Vegeto E, Belcredito S, Etteri S, et al: Estrogen receptor-alpha mediates the brain anti-inflammatory activity of estradiol. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:9614-9619
55. Polan ML, Daniele A, Kuo A: Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Fertil Steril 1988; 49:964-968
56. Matalka KZ: The effect of estradiol, but not progesterone, on the production of cytokines in stimulated whole blood, is concentration-dependent. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003; 24:185-191
57. Tyree CM, Zou A, Allegretto EA: 17beta-Estradiol inhibits cytokine induction of the human E-selectin promoter. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 80:291-297
58. Novotny EA, Raveche ES, Sharrow S, et al: Analysis of thymocyte subpopulations following treatment with sex hormones. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1983; 28:205-217
59. Paavonen T, Andersson LC, Adlercreutz H: Sex hormone regulation of in vitro immune response: Estradiol enhances human B cell maturation via inhibition of suppressor T cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. J Exp Med 1981; 154:1935-1945
60. Screpanti I, Morrone S, Meco D, et al: Steroid sensitivity of thymocyte subpopulations during intrathymic differentiation: Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and dexamethasone on subsets expressing T cell antigen receptor or IL-2 receptor. J Immunol 1989; 142:3378 -3383
61. Florian M, Lu Y, Angle M, et al: Estrogen induced changes in Akt-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vasodilation. Steroids 2004; 69:637-645
62. Klinge CM, Blankenship KA, Risinger KE, et al: Resveratrol and estradiol rapidly activate MAPK signaling through estrogen receptors alpha and beta in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:7460-7468
63. Christeff N, Auclair MC, Thobie N, et al: Effect of estradiol on endotoxin-induced changes in steroid hormone levels and lethality in male rats. Circ Shock 1994; 44:154-159
64. Christeff N, Auclair MC, Dehennin L, et al: Effect of the aromatase inhibitor, 4 hydroxyandrostenedione, on the endotoxin-induced changes in steroid hormones in male rats. Life Sci 1992; 50:1459-1468