The involvement of the liver in systemic diseases

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 69-80

  Malnick, Stephen ^a   Melzer, Ehud ^a   Sokolowski, Nadia ^a   Basevitz, Alon ^a  

^a KAPLAN MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

Liver; Systemic diseases

Indexed keywords

CHLORMETHINE; LAMIVUDINE; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISONE;

AMYLOIDOSIS; BILE DUCT DISEASE; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE; FELTY SYNDROME; FIBROSIS; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HEPATITIS B; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; LEUKEMIA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER GRANULOMA; LIVER ISCHEMIA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SARCOIDOSIS; SCLERODERMA; SICKLE CELL ANEMIA; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; SYSTEMIC DISEASE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

AMYLOIDOSIS; CARCINOMA, RENAL CELL; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA; GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE; GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC; HEART FAILURE; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES; HUMANS; INFARCTION; ISCHEMIA; LIVER; LIVER DISEASES; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; SARCOIDOSIS; SCLERODERMA, SYSTEMIC; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME;

EID: 37549035870     PISSN: 01920790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318135442e     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Gaya DR, Thorburn D, Oien KA, et al. Hepatic granulomas: a 10 year single centre experience. J Clin Pathol. 2003;56:850-853.
2. Blich M, Edoute Y. Clinical manifestations of sarcoid liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;19:732-737.
3. Maddrey W, Johns CJ, Boitnott J, et al. Sarcoidosis and chronic hepatic disease: a clinical and pathologic study of 20 patients. Medicine. 1970;49:375-395.
4. Rudzki C, Ishar KL, Zimmerman HJ. Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis of sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1975;59:373-387.
5. Thomas E, Micci D. Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with granulomas and biliary cirrhosis. JAMA. 1977;238:337-338.
6. Bass NM, Burroughs AK, Scheuer PJ, et al. Chronic intrahepatic cholestasis due to sarcoidosis. Gut. 1982;23:417-421.
7. Pereira Lima J, Schaffner F. Chronic cholestasis in hepatic sarcoidosis with clinical features resembling primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Med. 1987;83:144-148.
8. Devaney K, Goodman ZD, Epstein MS, et al. Hepatic sarcoidosis clinicopathologic feature in 100 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17:1272-1280.
9. Nakanuma Y, Kouda W, Harada K, et al. Hepatic sarcoidosis with vanishing bile duct syndrome, cirrhosis and portal phlebosclerosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001;32:181-184.
10. Hughes GS, Kataria YP, O'Brien TF. Sarcoidosis presenting as biliary cirrhosis treatment with chloambucil. South Med J. 1983;76:1440-1442.
11. Stanca CM, Fiel MI, Allina J, et al. Liver failure in an antimitochondrial antibody-positive patient with sarcoidosis: primary biliary cirrhosis or hepatic sarcoidosis? Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25:364-370.
12. Hughes P, McGavin CR. Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis with co-existing myositis. Thorax. 1997;52:201-202.
13. Keeffe EB. Sarcoidosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Med. 1987;83:977-980.
14. Alam I, Levenson SD, Ferelli LD, et al. Diffuse intrahepatic biliary strictures in sarcoidosis resembling primary sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:1295-1301.
15. Romero-Gomez M, Suarez-Garcia E, Otero MA, et al. Sarcoidosis, sclerosing cholangitis and chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: a case of infiltrative sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998;27:162-165.
16. Debashish D, Alexander S, Thomas W. Hepatic sarcoidosis and renal carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1999;28:61-63.
17. Ilan Y, Rappaport I, Feigin R, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis in sarcoidosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1999;16:326-328.
18. Steenbergen WV, Fevery J, Vandenbrande P. Ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis bile duct carcinoma and generalized sarcoidosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1987;9:574-579.
19. Shep GN, Scully LJ. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and sarcoidosis: an unusual combination. Can J Gastroenterol. 1990;4:489-494.
20. Bloom R, Sybert A, Mascatello VJ. Granulomatous biliary tract obstruction due to sarcoidosis. Am Rev Res Dis. 1978;117:783-787.
21. Baughman RP. Sarcoidosis usual and unusual manifestations. Chest. 1988;94:165-170.
22. Rezeig MA, Fashir BM. Biliary tract obstruction due to sarcoidosis: a case report. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;92:527-528.
23. Natalino MR, Goyette RE, Owensby LC, et al. The Budd Chiari syndrome in sarcoidosis. JAMA. 1978;239:2657-2658.
24. Russi EW, Bansky G, Pfaltz M, et al. Budd Chiari syndrome in sarcoidosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1986;81:71-75.
25. Ayyala US, Padilla ML. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic sarcoidosis. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2006;9:475-483.
26. Tahan V, Ozaras R, Lacevic N, et al. Prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis B. Dig Dis Sci. 2004;49:1575-1577.
27. Ozaras R, Tahan V, Mert A, et al. The prevalence of hepatic granulomas in chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38:449-452.
28. Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1982;25:1271-1277.
29. Harvey AM, Shulman LE, Tumulty PA, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: review of the literature and clinical analysis of 138 cases. Medicine. 1954;33:291-437.
30. Kofman S, Johnson GC, Zimmerman HJ. Apparent hepatic dysfunction in lupus erythematosus. Arch Intern Med. 1955;95:669-676.
31. Runyon BA, LaBrecque DR, Anuras S. The spectrum of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematous. Am J Med. 1980;69:187-194.
32. Kuramochi S, Tashiro Y, Torikata C, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with multiple nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1982;32:547-560.
33. Feurle GE, Broker HJ, Ischahargane C. Granulomatous hepatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of a case. Endoscopy. 1982;14:153-154.
34. Inagaki H, Nonami T, Kawagoe T, et al. Idiopathic portal hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Gastroenterol. 2000;35:235-239.
35. Iliffe GD, Naidoo S, Hunter T. Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with features of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dig Dis Sci. 1982;27:274-278.
36. Pomeroy C, Knodell RG, Swaim WR, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome in a patient with the lupus syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:158-161.
37. Mor F, Beigel A, Inbar M, et al. Hepatic infarction in a patient with the lupus anticoagulant. Arthritis Rheum. 1989;32:491-495.
38. Tsuji T, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y. Liver manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: high incidence of hemophagocytic syndrome. J Rheum. 2002;29:1576.
39. Seaman WE, Ishak KG, Plotz PH. Aspirin induced hepatotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:1-8.
40. Miller MH, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, et al. The liver in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med. 1984;53:401-409.
41. Schousbe JT, Koch AE, Chang RW. Chronic lupus peritonitis with ascites: review of the literature with a case report. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1988;18:121.
42. Campion G, Maddison PJ, Goulding N, et al. The Felty syndrome: a case-matched study of clinical manifestations and outcome, serologic features, and immunogenetic associations. Medicine (Baltimore). 1990;69:69-80.
43. Webb J, Whaley K, MacSween RN, et al. Liver disease in rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome. Prospective study using biochemical and serological markers of hepatic dysfunction. Ann Rheum Dis. 1975;34:70-81.
44. Ran R, Pfenninger K, Boni A. Liver function tests and liver biopsies: patients with rheumatoid arthritis (abstract). Ann Rheum Dis. 1975;34:198-199.
45. Fernandes L, Sullivan S, McFarlane JG, et al. Studies on the frequency and pathogenesis of liver involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1979;38:501-506.
46. Thompson PW, Houghton BJ, Clifford C, et al. The source and significance of raised serum enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med. 1990;280:869-879.
47. Favreau M, Tannenbaum H, Lough J. Hepatic toxicity associated with gold therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87:717-719.
48. Schenker S, Olson KN, Dunn D, et al. Intrahepatic cholestasis due to therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Gastroenterology. 1973;64:622-629.
49. Brick JE, Moreland LW, Al-Kawas F, et al. Prospective analysis of liver biopsies before and after methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1989;19:31-44.
50. Roenigk HH Jr. Methotrexate and liver biopsies: is it really necessary? Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:733-735.
51. Whaley K, Goudie RB, Williamson J, et al. Liver disease in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 1970;1:861-863.
52. Skopouli FN, Barbatis C, Moutsopoulos HM. Liver involvement in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;338:745-748.
53. Garcia-Carrasco M, Ramos M, Cervera R, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in primary Sjogren's syndrome: prevalence and significance in a series of 90 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56:1735.
54. Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Carrasco M, Cervera R, et al. Sjogren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus. Clin Rheumatol. 1999;18:93-100.
55. Poet JL, Tonelli-Serabian Y, Garnier PP. Chronic hepatitis C and Sjogren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:1376-1377.
56. Pirisi M, Scott C, Fabris C, et al. Mild sialoadenitis: a common finding in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:940-942.
57. Pawlotsky JM, Roudot-Thoraval F, Simmonds P, et al. Extrahepatic immunologic manifestations in chronic HCV virus serotypes. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:169-173.
58. Loustaud-Ratti V, Richi A, Liozon E, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome or Sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:2245-2251.
59. Miller EB, Shichmanter R, Friedman JA, et al. Granulomatous hepatitis and Sjogren's syndrome: an association. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006;36:153-158.
60. Reynolds TB, Denison EK, Frankl HD, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis with scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon and telangiectasia. Am J Med. 1971;50:302-312.
61. Clarke AK, Galbraith RM, Hamilton EB, et al. Rheumatic disorders in primary biliary cirrhosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1978;37:42-47.
62. Powell FC, Schroeter AL, Dickinson ER. Primary biliary cirrhosis and the CREST syndrome. Q J Med. 1987;62:75-82.
63. Wanless IR. Micronodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver: a report of 64 cases among 2500 autopsies and a new classification of benign hepatocellular nodules. Hepatology. 1990;11:787-797.
64. Reshamwala PA, Keliner DE, Heller T. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: not all nodules are created equal. Hepatology. 2006;44:7-14.
65. Henrion J, Schapira M, Luwaert R, et al. Hypoxic hepatitis: clinical and hemodynamic study in 142 consecutive cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82:392-406.
66. Cohen JA, Kaplan MM. Left-sided heart failure presenting as hepatitis. Gastroenterology. 1978;74:583-587.
67. Nouel O, Henrion J, Bernau J, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure due to transient circulatory failure in patients with chronic heart disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1980;25:49-52.
68. Bynum TE, Boitnott JK, Maddrey WC. Ischemic hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1979;24:129-135.
69. Gitlin N, Serio KM. Ischemic hepatitis: widening horizons. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:831-836.
70. Chen V, Hamilton J, Qizilbash A. Hepatic infarction. A clinicopathological study of seven cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1976;100:32-36.
71. Tzakis AG, Gordon RD, Shaw BW Jr, et al. Clinical presentation of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation in the cyclosporine era. Transplantation. 1985;40:667-671.
72. Ludwig J, Gores GJ. Images in clinical medicine. Infarct cavities in a hepatic allograft. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1117.
73. Henrich WL, Huehnegarth RJ, Rosch J, et al. Gallbladder and liver infarction occurring as a complication of acute bacterial endocarditis. Gastroenterology. 1975;68:1062-1067.
74. Cohen SE, Safadi R, Verstandig A, et al. Liver-spleen infarcts following transcatheter chemoembolization: a case report and review of the literature on adverse effects. Dig Dis Sci. 1997;42:938-943.
75. Chuang CH, Chen CY, Tsai HM. Hepatic infarction and hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm with peritoneal bleeding after radiofrequency ablation for hepatoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:A23.
76. Zissin R, Yaffe D, Fejgin M, et al. Hepatic infarction in preeclampsia as part of the HELLP syndrome: CT appearance. Abdom Imaging. 1999;24:594-596.
77. Gauthier N, Cornud F, Vissuzaine C. Liver infarction in sickle cell disease. Am J Rentgenol. 1985;144:1089-1090.
78. Cameron AM, Busuttil RW. Ischemic cholangiopathy after liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2005;4:495-501.
79. Terblanche J, Allison HF, Northover JM. An ischemic basis for biliary stictures. Surgery. 1983;94:52-57.
80. Ludwig J, Kim CH, Wiesner RH, et al. Floxuridine-induced sclerosing cholangitis: an ischemic cholangiopathy? Hepatology. 1989;9:215-218.
81. Cherqui D, Palazzo L, Piedbois P, et al. Common bile duct stricture as a late complication of upper abdominal radiotherapy. J Hepatol. 1994;20:693-697.
82. Le Thi Huong D, Valla D, Franco D, et al. Cholangitis associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: another instance of ischemic cholangiopathy? Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1338-1343.
83. Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, et al. Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure. Dig Dis Sci. 1982;27:175-180.
84. Logan RG, Mowry FM, Judge RD. Cardiac failure simulating viral hepatitis. Three cases with serum transaminase levels above 1000. Ann Intern Med. 1062;56:784-788.
85. Richman SM, Delman AJ, Grob D. Alterations in indices of liver function in congestive heart failure with particular reference to serum enzymes. Am J Med. 1961;30:211-225.
86. Sherlock S. The liver in heart failure: relation of anatomical, functional and circulatory changes. Br Heart J. 1951;13:273-293.
87. Denis C, De Kerguennec C, Bernuau J, et al. Acute hypoxic hepatitis (liver shock): still a frequently overlooked cardiological diagnosis. Eur J Heart Failure. 2004;6:561-565.
88. Shulman HM, Sharma P, Amos D, et al. A coded histologic study of hepatic graft-versus-host disease after human bone marrow transplantation. Hepatology. 1988;8:463-470.
89. Shulman HM, Sullivan KM, Weiden PL, et al. Chronic graft-versus-host syndrome in man. A long-term clinicopathologic study of 20 Seattle patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:204-217.
90. Epstein O, Thomas HC, Sherlock S. Primary biliary cirrhosis is a dry gland syndrome with features of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Lancet. 1980;1:1166-1168.
91. Birrer MJ, Young RC. Differential diagnosis of jaundice in lymphoma patients. Semin Liver Dis. 1987;7:269-277.
92. Aisenberg AC, Kaplan MM, Rieder SV, et al. Serum alkaline phosphatase at the onset of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer. 1970;26:318-326.
93. Perera DR, Greene ML, Fenster F. Cholestasis associated with extrabiliary Hodgkin's disease. Gastroenterology. 1974;67:680-685.
94. Hubscher SG, Lumley MA, Elias E. Vanishing bile duct syndrome: a possible mechanism for intrahepatic cholestasis in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hepatology. 1993;17:70-77.
95. Crosbie OM, Crown JP, Nolan NP, et al. Resolution of paraneoplastic bile duct paucity following successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Hepatology. 1997;26:5-8.
96. Rowbotham D, Wendon J, Williams R. Acute liver failure secondary to hepatic infiltration: a single center experience of 18 cases. Gut. 1998;42:576-580.
97. Dourakis SP, Tzemanakis E, Deutsch M, et al. Fulminant hepatic failure as a presenting paraneoplastic manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Gastro Hepatol. 1999;11:1055-1058.
98. Memeo L, Pecorello I, Ciardi A, et al. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver. Acta Oncol. 1999;38:655-658.
99. Lei KI. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver. Leuk Lymph. 1998;29:293-299.
100. Ryoo JW, Manaligod JR, Walker MJ. Primary lymphoma of the liver. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1986;8:308-311.
101. Markovic S, Drozina G, Vovk M, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B but not hepatitis C in patients with malignant lymphoma and immunosuppressive therapy. A prospective study of 305 patients. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 1999;46:2925-2930.
102. Al-Taie OH, Mork H, Gassel AM, et al. Prevention of hepatitis B flare-up during chemotherapy using lamivudine: case report and review of the literature. Ann Hematol. 1999;78:247-249.
103. Ghobrial IM, Wolf RC, Pereira DL, et al. Therapeutic options in patients with lymphoma and severe liver dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2004;79:169-175.
104. Goldberg GM, Rubenstone AI, Saphir O. A study of malignant lymphomas and leukemias. III. Stem cell, blast cell and monocytic leukemias (with reference to their lymphogenous or myelogenous origin). Cancer. 1961;14:21-29.
105. Schwartz JB, Shamsuddin AM. The effects of leukemic infiltrates in various organs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hum Pathol. 1981;12:432-440.
106. Foucar K, Carroll TJ Jr, Tannous R, et al. Nonendemic adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States: report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985;83:18-26.
107. Agnarsson BA, Loughran TP Jr, Starkebaum G, et al. The pathology of large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Hum Pathol. 1989;20:643-651.
108. Thomas FB, Clausen KP, Greenberger NJ. Liver disease in multiple myeloma. Arch Intern Med. 1973;132:195-202.
109. Dimopoulos MA, Galani E, Matsouka C. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin N Am. 1999;13:1351-1356.
110. Johnson CS, Omata M, Tong MJ, et al. Liver involvement in sickle cell disease. Medicine. 1985;64:349-356.
111. Schubert T. Hepatobiliary system in sickle cell disease. Gastroenterology. 1986;90:2013-2021.
112. Sheehy TW. Sickle cell hepatopathy. South Med J. 1977;70:533-538.
113. Rosenblate HJ, Eisenstein R, Holmes AW. The liver in sickle-cell anemia. Arch Pathol. 1970;90:235-245.
114. Buchanan GR, Glader BE. Benign course of extreme hyperbilirubinemia in sickle cell disease: analysis of six cases. J Pediatr. 1977;91:21-24.
115. Zakaria N, Knisely A, Portmann B, et al. Acute sickle cell hepatopathy represents a potential contraindication for percutaneous liver biopsy. Blood. 2003;101:101-103.
116. Ballas SK, Lewis CN, Noone AM, et al. Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of HbSC disease. Am J Hematol. 1982;13:37-51.
117. Phillips JC, Gerald BE. The incidence of cholethiasis in sickle cell disease. AJR. 1971;113:27-28.
118. Sarnaik S, Slovis TL, Corbett DP, et al. Incidence of cholelithiasis in sickle-cell anemia using the ultrasonic gray-scale technique. J Pediatr. 1980;96:1005-1008.
119. Comenzo RL. Amyloidosis. Current Treat Options Oncol. 2006;7:225-236.
120. Buck FS, Koss MN. Hepatic amyloidosis: morphologic differences between systemic AL and AA types. Hum Pathol. 1991;22:904-907.
121. Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Hepatic amyloidosis (primary [AL], immunoglobulin light chain): the natural history in 80 patients. Am J Med. 1988;85:73-80.
122. Park MA, Mueller PS, Kyle RA, et al. Primary (AL) hepatic amyloidosis: clinical features and natural history in 98 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82:291-298.
123. Chopra S, Rubinow A, Koff RS, et al. Hepatic amyloidosis. A histopathologic analysis of primary (AL) and secondary (AA) forms. Am J Pathol. 1984;115:186-193.
124. Chuang YC, Lin AT, Chen KK, et al. Paraneoplastic elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in renal cell carcinoma: incidence and implication on prognosis. J Urol. 1997;158:1684-1687.
125. Boxer RJ, Waisman J, Lieber MM, et al. Non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction associated with renal carcinoma. J Urol. 1978;119:468-471.
126. Blay JY, Rossi JF, Wijdenes J, et al. Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1997;72:424-430.
127. Strickland RC, Schenker S. The nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction syndrome: a review. Am J Dig Dis. 1977;22:49-55.