메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 15-24

The dark side of ecstasy: Neuropsychiatric symptoms after exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 O METHYL ALPHA METHYLDOPAMINE; 3,4 DIHYDROXYAMPHETAMINE; 3,4 DIHYDROXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4 HYDROXY 3 METHOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; ILLICIT DRUG; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 37349131558     PISSN: 17427835     EISSN: 17427843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00159.x     Document Type: Short Survey
Times cited : (38)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 33746960717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: The true story reconstructed from the original documents
    • Freudenmann RW, Øxler F, Bernschneider-Reif S. The origin of MDMA (ecstasy) revisited: the true story reconstructed from the original documents. Addiction 2006 101 : 1241 5.
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 1241-5
    • Freudenmann, R.W.1    Øxler, F.2    Bernschneider-Reif, S.3
  • 3
    • 0022846114 scopus 로고
    • The psychological and physiological effects of MDMA on normal volunteers
    • Downing J. The psychological and physiological effects of MDMA on normal volunteers. J Psychoactive Drugs 1986 18 : 335 40.
    • (1986) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 335-40
    • Downing, J.1
  • 4
    • 0035669358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human psychopharmacology of ecstasy (MDMA): A review of 15 years of empirical research
    • Parrott AC. Human psychopharmacology of ecstasy (MDMA): a review of 15 years of empirical research. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 557 77.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 557-77
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 5
    • 0022838801 scopus 로고
    • Subjective reports of the effects of MDMA in a clinical setting
    • Greer GR, Tolbert R. Subjective reports of the effects of MDMA in a clinical setting. J Psychoactive Drugs 1986 18 : 319 27.
    • (1986) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 319-27
    • Greer, G.R.1    Tolbert, R.2
  • 6
    • 2542619028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is ecstasy MDMA? a review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity
    • Parrott AC. Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 234 41.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 234-41
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 7
    • 33847096483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a case for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in the UK?
    • Sessa B. Is there a case for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in the UK? J Psychopharmacol 2007 21 : 220 4.
    • (2007) J Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 220-4
    • Sessa, B.1
  • 8
    • 12344323600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy: Pharmacology and neurotoxicity
    • Morton J. Ecstasy: pharmacology and neurotoxicity. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2005 5 : 79 86.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 79-86
    • Morton, J.1
  • 9
    • 0036282486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of MDMA and other illicit drugs by young adult males in northern Spain. a five-year study
    • Bobes J, Sáiz PA, González MP et al. Use of MDMA and other illicit drugs by young adult males in northern Spain. A five-year study. Eur Addict Res 2002 8 : 147 54.
    • (2002) Eur Addict Res , vol.8 , pp. 147-54
    • Bobes, J.1    Sáiz, P.A.2    González, M.P.3
  • 10
    • 0035054640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of drugs within the techno party scene in European metropolitan cities
    • Tossmann P, Boldt S, Tensil MD. The use of drugs within the techno party scene in European metropolitan cities. Eur Addict Res 2001 7 : 2 23.
    • (2001) Eur Addict Res , vol.7 , pp. 2-23
    • Tossmann, P.1    Boldt, S.2    Tensil, M.D.3
  • 11
    • 0033967676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-linear pharmacokinetics of MDMA (ecstasy) in humans
    • de la
    • de la Torre R, Farre M, Ortuno J et al. Non-linear pharmacokinetics of MDMA (ecstasy) in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000 49 : 104 9.
    • (2000) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.49 , pp. 104-9
    • Torre, R.1    Farre, M.2    Ortuno, J.3
  • 12
    • 37349104274 scopus 로고
    • Designer drugs
    • Evanko D. Designer drugs. Postgrad Med 1991 89 : 69 71.
    • (1991) Postgrad Med , vol.89 , pp. 69-71
    • Evanko, D.1
  • 13
    • 0022839628 scopus 로고
    • The background and chemistry of MDMA
    • Shulgin AT. The background and chemistry of MDMA. J Psychoactive Drugs 1986 18 : 291 304.
    • (1986) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 291-304
    • Shulgin, A.T.1
  • 15
    • 0034899165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantio-selective cognitive and brain activation effects of N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in humans
    • Spitzer M, Franke B, Walter H et al. Enantio-selective cognitive and brain activation effects of N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in humans. Neurophramacology 2001 41 : 263 71.
    • (2001) Neurophramacology , vol.41 , pp. 263-71
    • Spitzer, M.1    Franke, B.2    Walter, H.3
  • 16
    • 4143152622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human pharmacology of MDMA. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition
    • de la
    • de la Torre R, Farré M, Roset PN et al. Human pharmacology of MDMA. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition. Ther Drug Monit 2004 26 : 137 44.
    • (2004) Ther Drug Monit , vol.26 , pp. 137-44
    • Torre, R.1    Farré, M.2    Roset, P.N.3
  • 17
    • 2542629618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bitter pill. Overview of ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) related fatalities
    • Schifano F. A bitter pill. Overview of ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) related fatalities. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 242 8.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 242-8
    • Schifano, F.1
  • 18
    • 0035452496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the dance music scene: A survey of current drug use patterns among a sample of dance music enthusiasts in the UK
    • Winstock AR, Griffiths P, Stewart D. Drugs and the dance music scene: a survey of current drug use patterns among a sample of dance music enthusiasts in the UK. Drug Alcohol Depend 2001 64 : 9 17.
    • (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.64 , pp. 9-17
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Griffiths, P.2    Stewart, D.3
  • 20
    • 0035674880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which neuroreceptors mediate the subjective effects of MDMA in humans? a summary of mechanistic studies
    • Liechti ME, Vollenweider FX. Which neuroreceptors mediate the subjective effects of MDMA in humans? A summary of mechanistic studies. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 589 98.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 589-98
    • Liechti, M.E.1    Vollenweider, F.X.2
  • 21
    • 4544314351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): The limitations of scaling from animals to humans
    • de la
    • de la Torre R, Farré M. Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): the limitations of scaling from animals to humans. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004 25 : 505 8.
    • (2004) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 505-8
    • Torre, R.1    Farré, M.2
  • 22
    • 0036204756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of CYP2D6: Clinical relevance with focus on psychotropic drugs
    • Bertilsson L, Dahl ML, Dalen P, Al-Shurbaji A. Molecular genetics of CYP2D6: clinical relevance with focus on psychotropic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002 53 : 111 22.
    • (2002) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.53 , pp. 111-22
    • Bertilsson, L.1    Dahl, M.L.2    Dalen, P.3    Al-Shurbaji, A.4
  • 23
    • 33750368923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2D6 for the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of MDMA
    • Yang J, Jamei M, Heydari A et al. Implications of mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2D6 for the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of MDMA. J Psychopharmacol 2006 20 : 842 9.
    • (2006) J Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 842-9
    • Yang, J.1    Jamei, M.2    Heydari, A.3
  • 24
    • 0035993478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic and adverse actions of serotonin transporter substrates
    • Rothman RB, Baumann MH. Therapeutic and adverse actions of serotonin transporter substrates. Pharmacol Ther 2002 95 : 73 88.
    • (2002) Pharmacol Ther , vol.95 , pp. 73-88
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Baumann, M.H.2
  • 25
    • 0034061432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute psychological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram
    • Liechti ME, Baumann C, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX. Acute psychological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000 22 : 513 21.
    • (2000) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.22 , pp. 513-21
    • Liechti, M.E.1    Baumann, C.2    Gamma, A.3    Vollenweider, F.X.4
  • 26
    • 12444321929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ecstasy
    • Parrott AC. Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ecstasy. J Psychopharmacol 2005 19 : 71 83.
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 71-83
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 27
    • 0029067178 scopus 로고
    • Review of the pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy)
    • Green AR, Cross AJ, Goodwin GM. Review of the pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy). Psychopharmacology 1995 119 : 247 60.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.119 , pp. 247-60
    • Green, A.R.1    Cross, A.J.2    Goodwin, G.M.3
  • 28
    • 0034122139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute psychological and physiological effects of MDMA ('ecstasy') after haloperidol pretreatment in healthy humans
    • Liechti ME, Vollenweider FX. Acute psychological and physiological effects of MDMA ('ecstasy') after haloperidol pretreatment in healthy humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000 10 : 289 95.
    • (2000) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 289-95
    • Liechti, M.E.1    Vollenweider, F.X.2
  • 29
    • 0024241851 scopus 로고
    • Subjective effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in recreational users
    • Peroutka SJ, Newman H, Harris H. Subjective effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in recreational users. Neuropsychopharmacology 1988 1 : 273 7.
    • (1988) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.1 , pp. 273-7
    • Peroutka, S.J.1    Newman, H.2    Harris, H.3
  • 30
    • 2542600694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated doses administration of MDMA in humans: Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics
    • Farré M, de la Torre R, Mathúna BÓ et al. Repeated doses administration of MDMA in humans: pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 364 75
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 364-75
    • Farré, M.1    De La Torre, R.2    Mathúna, B.́O.3
  • 31
    • 33744943282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the acute subjective effects of MDMA/ecstasy
    • Baylen CA, Rosenberg H. A review of the acute subjective effects of MDMA/ecstasy. Addiction 2006 101 : 933 47.
    • (2006) Addiction , vol.101 , pp. 933-47
    • Baylen, C.A.1    Rosenberg, H.2
  • 32
    • 0028292728 scopus 로고
    • 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'): Pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans
    • Steele TD, McCann UD, Ricaurte GA. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'): pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans. Addiction 1994 89 : 539 51.
    • (1994) Addiction , vol.89 , pp. 539-51
    • Steele, T.D.1    McCann, U.D.2    Ricaurte, G.A.3
  • 33
    • 0030971740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA) in recreational users: Self-reported psychological and physiological effects
    • Davison D, Parrott AC. Ecstasy (MDMA) in recreational users: self-reported psychological and physiological effects. Hum Psychopharmacol 1997 12 : 221 26.
    • (1997) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 221-26
    • Davison, D.1    Parrott, A.C.2
  • 34
    • 27744480339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans
    • Freedman RR, Johanson CE, Tancer ME. Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans. Pscychopharmacology 2005 183 : 248 56.
    • (2005) Pscychopharmacology , vol.183 , pp. 248-56
    • Freedman, R.R.1    Johanson, C.E.2    Tancer, M.E.3
  • 35
    • 0027998706 scopus 로고
    • Survival following intentional massive overdose of ecstasy
    • Roberts L, Wright H. Survival following intentional massive overdose of ecstasy. J Accid Emerg Med 1993 11 : 53 4.
    • (1993) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 53-4
    • Roberts, L.1    Wright, H.2
  • 36
    • 0032421238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin syndrome: History and risk
    • Gillman PK. Serotonin syndrome: history and risk. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1998 12 : 482 91.
    • (1998) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 482-91
    • Gillman, P.K.1
  • 37
    • 0026680529 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy')
    • Henry JA, Jeffereys KJ, Dawling S. Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy'). Lancet 1992 340 : 384 7.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 384-7
    • Henry, J.A.1    Jeffereys, K.J.2    Dawling, S.3
  • 39
    • 0036312489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyponatraemic states following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) ingestion
    • Hartung TK, Schofield E, Short AI, Parr MJ, Henry JA. Hyponatraemic states following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) ingestion. Q J Med 2002 95 : 431 7.
    • (2002) Q J Med , vol.95 , pp. 431-7
    • Hartung, T.K.1    Schofield, E.2    Short, A.I.3    Parr, M.J.4    Henry, J.A.5
  • 40
    • 0142074803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death rates from ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) and polydrug use in England and Wales 1996-2002
    • Schifano F, Oyefeso A, Corkery J et al. Death rates from ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) and polydrug use in England and Wales 1996-2002. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003 18 : 519 24.
    • (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 519-24
    • Schifano, F.1    Oyefeso, A.2    Corkery, J.3
  • 41
    • 0037373704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death following ingestion of MDMA (ecstasy) and moclobemide
    • Vuori E, Henry JA, Ojanperä I et al. Death following ingestion of MDMA (ecstasy) and moclobemide. Addiction 2003 98 : 365 68.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , pp. 365-68
    • Vuori, E.1    Henry, J.A.2    Ojanperä, I.3
  • 42
    • 28544437661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant treatment and human aggression
    • Bond AJ. Antidepressant treatment and human aggression. Eur J Pharmacol 2005 526 : 218 55.
    • (2005) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.526 , pp. 218-55
    • Bond, A.J.1
  • 43
    • 0031677797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA) effects upon mood and cognition: Before, during and after a Saturday night dance
    • Parrot AC, Lasky J. Ecstasy (MDMA) effects upon mood and cognition: before, during and after a Saturday night dance. Psychopharmacology 1998 139 : 261 8.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology , vol.139 , pp. 261-8
    • Parrot, A.C.1    Lasky, J.2
  • 44
    • 0036239860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-acute effects of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) on mood: Evidence of gender differences
    • Verheyden SL, Hadfield J, Calin T et al. Sub-acute effects of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) on mood: evidence of gender differences. Psychopharmacology 2002 161 : 23 31.
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.161 , pp. 23-31
    • Verheyden, S.L.1    Hadfield, J.2    Calin, T.3
  • 45
    • 0030741356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood and cognitive effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy): Week-end 'high' followed by mid-week low
    • Curran HV, Travill RA. Mood and cognitive effects of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy): week-end 'high' followed by mid-week low. Addiction 1997 92 : 821 31.
    • (1997) Addiction , vol.92 , pp. 821-31
    • Curran, H.V.1    Travill, R.A.2
  • 46
    • 0142106399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute, sub-acute and long-term subjective consequences of ecstasy (MDMA) consumption in 430 regular users
    • Verheyden SL, Henry JA, Curran HV. Acute, sub-acute and long-term subjective consequences of ecstasy (MDMA) consumption in 430 regular users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003 18 : 507 17.
    • (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 507-17
    • Verheyden, S.L.1    Henry, J.A.2    Curran, H.V.3
  • 47
    • 0042402982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quitting ecstasy: An investigation of why people stop taking the drug and their subsequent mental health
    • Verheyden SL, Maidment R, Curran HV. Quitting ecstasy: an investigation of why people stop taking the drug and their subsequent mental health. J Psychopharmacol 2003 17 : 371 8.
    • (2003) J Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 371-8
    • Verheyden, S.L.1    Maidment, R.2    Curran, H.V.3
  • 48
    • 12844259025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): Beyond metabolism
    • Sprague JE, Nichols DE. Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): beyond metabolism. Trends Pharamol Sci 2005 26 : 59 60.
    • (2005) Trends Pharamol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 59-60
    • Sprague, J.E.1    Nichols, D.E.2
  • 49
    • 8344259984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ecstasy: The neuropsychobiological implications of taking it at dances and raves
    • Parrott AC. MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ecstasy: the neuropsychobiological implications of taking it at dances and raves. Neuropsychobiology 2004 50 : 329 35.
    • (2004) Neuropsychobiology , vol.50 , pp. 329-35
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 50
    • 0033564773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered serotonin innervation patterns in the forebrain of monkeys treated with (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine seven years previously: Factors influencing abnormal recovery
    • Hatzidimitriou G, McCann UD, Ricaurte GA. Altered serotonin innervation patterns in the forebrain of monkeys treated with (±)3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine seven years previously: factors influencing abnormal recovery. J Neurosci 1999 19 : 5096 107.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 5096-107
    • Hatzidimitriou, G.1    McCann, U.D.2    Ricaurte, G.A.3
  • 51
    • 0036123041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How strong is the evidence that brain serotonin neurons are damaged in human users of ecstasy?
    • Kish SJ. How strong is the evidence that brain serotonin neurons are damaged in human users of ecstasy? Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002 71 : 845 55.
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.71 , pp. 845-55
    • Kish, S.J.1
  • 52
    • 0036119214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity
    • Parrott AC. Recreational ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002 71 : 837 44.
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.71 , pp. 837-44
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 54
    • 0033921324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is MDMA (ecstasy) a neurotoxin in humans? An overview of evidence and of methodological problems in research
    • Curran HV. Is MDMA (ecstasy) a neurotoxin in humans? An overview of evidence and of methodological problems in research. Neuropsychobiology 2000 42 : 34 41.
    • (2000) Neuropsychobiology , vol.42 , pp. 34-41
    • Curran, H.V.1
  • 55
    • 0025863667 scopus 로고
    • Lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae of (±) 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy') in recreational users
    • McCann UD, Ricaurte GA. Lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae of (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('ecstasy') in recreational users. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991 11 : 302 5.
    • (1991) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 302-5
    • McCann, U.D.1    Ricaurte, G.A.2
  • 56
    • 0035663512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy use: Cognitive deficits related to dosage rather than self-reported problematic use of the drug
    • Fox HC, Parrott AC, Turner JJD. Ecstasy use: cognitive deficits related to dosage rather than self-reported problematic use of the drug. J Psychopharmacol 2001 15 : 273 81.
    • (2001) J Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 273-81
    • Fox, H.C.1    Parrott, A.C.2    Turner, J.J.D.3
  • 57
    • 0038070346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users
    • Thomasius R, Petersen K, Buchert R et al. Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users. Psychopharmacology 2003 167 : 85 96.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology , vol.167 , pp. 85-96
    • Thomasius, R.1    Petersen, K.2    Buchert, R.3
  • 58
    • 0032587879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance in (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) users: A controlled study
    • McCann UD, Mertl M, Eligulashvili V, Ricaurte GA. Cognitive performance in (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) users: a controlled study. Psychopharmacology 1999 143 : 417 25.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.143 , pp. 417-25
    • McCann, U.D.1    Mertl, M.2    Eligulashvili, V.3    Ricaurte, G.A.4
  • 59
    • 0031648790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users
    • Bolla KI, McCann UD, Ricaurte GA. Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users. Neurology 1998 51 : 1532 7.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1532-7
    • Bolla, K.I.1    McCann, U.D.2    Ricaurte, G.A.3
  • 60
    • 0034009711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory disturbances in ecstasy users are correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission
    • Reneman L, Booij J, Schmand B, van den Brink W, Gunning B. Memory disturbances in ecstasy users are correlated with an altered brain serotonin neurotransmission. Psychopharmacology 2000 148 : 322 4.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.148 , pp. 322-4
    • Reneman, L.1    Booij, J.2    Schmand, B.3    Van Den Brink, W.4    Gunning, B.5
  • 61
    • 0035140822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance and serotonergic function in users of ecstasy
    • Verkes RJ, Gijsman HJ, Pieters MSM et al. Cognitive performance and serotonergic function in users of ecstasy. Psychopharmacology 2001 153 : 196 202.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 196-202
    • Verkes, R.J.1    Gijsman, H.J.2    Pieters, M.S.M.3
  • 63
    • 0026707316 scopus 로고
    • Chronic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: Effects on mood and neuropsychological function?
    • Krystal JH, Price LH, Opsahl C, Ricaurte GA, Heninger GR. Chronic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use: effects on mood and neuropsychological function? Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1992 18 : 331 41.
    • (1992) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.18 , pp. 331-41
    • Krystal, J.H.1    Price, L.H.2    Opsahl, C.3    Ricaurte, G.A.4    Heninger, G.R.5
  • 64
    • 0032911706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory deficits associated with recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA)
    • Morgan MJ. Memory deficits associated with recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA). Psychopharmacology 1999 141 : 30 6.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.141 , pp. 30-6
    • Morgan, M.J.1
  • 65
    • 0031915719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance in recreational users of MDMA or ecstasy: Evidence for memory deficits
    • Parrott AC, Lees A, Garnham NJ, Jones M, Wesnes K. Cognitive performance in recreational users of MDMA or ecstasy: evidence for memory deficits. J Psychopharmacol 1998 12 : 79 8.
    • (1998) J Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 79-8
    • Parrott, A.C.1    Lees, A.2    Garnham, N.J.3    Jones, M.4    Wesnes, K.5
  • 67
    • 0035141263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of ecstasy and cannabis to cognitive impairment
    • Croft RJ, Mackay AJ, Mills ATD, Gruzelier JG. The relative contributions of ecstasy and cannabis to cognitive impairment. Psychopharmacology 2001 153 : 373 79.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 373-79
    • Croft, R.J.1    MacKay, A.J.2    Mills, A.T.D.3    Gruzelier, J.G.4
  • 68
    • 0041874887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered response to tryptophan supplementation after long-term abstention from MDMA (ecstasy) is highly correlated with human memory function
    • Curran HV, Verheyden SL. Altered response to tryptophan supplementation after long-term abstention from MDMA (ecstasy) is highly correlated with human memory function. Psychopharmacology 2003 169 : 91 103.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology , vol.169 , pp. 91-103
    • Curran, H.V.1    Verheyden, S.L.2
  • 69
    • 9944260744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for executive deficits among users of MDMA (ecstasy)
    • Fisk JE, Montgomery C, Murphy P, Wareing M. Evidence for executive deficits among users of MDMA (ecstasy). Br J Psychology 2004 95 : 457 66.
    • (2004) Br J Psychology , vol.95 , pp. 457-66
    • Fisk, J.E.1    Montgomery, C.2    Murphy, P.3    Wareing, M.4
  • 71
    • 0035670836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective memory, everyday cognitive failure and central executive function in recreational users of ecstasy
    • Heffernan TM, Jarvis H, Rodgers J, Scholey AB, Ling J. Prospective memory, everyday cognitive failure and central executive function in recreational users of ecstasy. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 607 12.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 607-12
    • Heffernan, T.M.1    Jarvis, H.2    Rodgers, J.3    Scholey, A.B.4    Ling, J.5
  • 72
    • 0034933533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective ratings of prospective memory deficits in MDMA (ecstasy) users
    • Heffernan TM, Ling J, Scholey AB. Subjective ratings of prospective memory deficits in MDMA (ecstasy) users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 339 44.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 339-44
    • Heffernan, T.M.1    Ling, J.2    Scholey, A.B.3
  • 75
    • 3242787262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs
    • Halpern JH, Pope HG Jr., Sherwood AR, Barry S, Hudson JI, Yurgelun-Todd D. Residual neuropsychological effects of illicit 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in individuals with minimal exposure to other drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004 75 : 135 47.
    • (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.75 , pp. 135-47
    • Halpern, J.H.1    Pope Jr., H.G.2    Sherwood, A.R.3    Barry, S.4    Hudson, J.I.5    Yurgelun-Todd, D.6
  • 76
    • 0032985047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter in the cerebral cortex of MDMA (ecstasy) users
    • Semple DM, Ebmeier KP, Glabus MF, O'Careroll RE, Johnstone EC. Reduced in vivo binding to the serotonin transporter in the cerebral cortex of MDMA (ecstasy) users. Br J Psychiatry 1999 175 : 63 9.
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.175 , pp. 63-9
    • Semple, D.M.1    Ebmeier, K.P.2    Glabus, M.F.3    O'Careroll, R.E.4    Johnstone, E.C.5
  • 78
    • 0035836691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users: A longitudinal investigation
    • Zakzanis KK, Young DA. Memory impairment in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users: a longitudinal investigation. Neurology 2001 56 : 966 9.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 966-9
    • Zakzanis, K.K.1    Young, D.A.2
  • 79
    • 33645853196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory impairment in now abstinent MDMA users and continued users: A longitudinal follow-up
    • Zakzanis KK, Campbell Z. Memory impairment in now abstinent MDMA users and continued users: a longitudinal follow-up. Neurology 2006 66 : 740 1.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 740-1
    • Zakzanis, K.K.1    Campbell, Z.2
  • 80
    • 2542615919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of cannabis and MDMA (ecstasy) to cognitive changes in long-term polydrug users
    • Dafters RI, Hoshi R, Talbot AC. Contribution of cannabis and MDMA (ecstasy) to cognitive changes in long-term polydrug users. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 405 10.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 405-10
    • Dafters, R.I.1    Hoshi, R.2    Talbot, A.C.3
  • 81
    • 0036909154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of regular ecstasy use on memory function
    • Simon NG, Mattick RP. The impact of regular ecstasy use on memory function. Addiction 2002 97 : 1523 9.
    • (2002) Addiction , vol.97 , pp. 1523-9
    • Simon, N.G.1    Mattick, R.P.2
  • 82
    • 0033902801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive performance amongst recreational users of ecstasy
    • Rodgers J. Cognitive performance amongst recreational users of ecstasy. Psychopharmacology 2000 151 : 19 24.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.151 , pp. 19-24
    • Rodgers, J.1
  • 83
    • 0036171484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstasy (MDMA): Are the psychological problems associated with its use reversed by prolonged abstinence?
    • Morgan MJ, McFie L, Fleetwood LH, Robinson JA. Ecstasy (MDMA): are the psychological problems associated with its use reversed by prolonged abstinence? Psychopharmacology 2002 159 : 294 303.
    • (2002) Psychopharmacology , vol.159 , pp. 294-303
    • Morgan, M.J.1    McFie, L.2    Fleetwood, L.H.3    Robinson, J.A.4
  • 85
    • 0034933533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective ratings of prospective memory deficits in MDMA ('ecstasy') users
    • Heffernan TM, Ling J, Scholey AB. Subjective ratings of prospective memory deficits in MDMA ('ecstasy') users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 339 44.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 339-44
    • Heffernan, T.M.1    Ling, J.2    Scholey, A.B.3
  • 86
    • 0343619414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychobiological problems in heavy 'ecstasy' (MDMA) polydrug users
    • Parrott AC, Sisk E, Turner JJD. Psychobiological problems in heavy 'ecstasy' (MDMA) polydrug users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000 60 : 105 10.
    • (2000) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.60 , pp. 105-10
    • Parrott, A.C.1    Sisk, E.2    Turner, J.J.D.3
  • 87
    • 0013010643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory deficits in current and previous users of MDMA ('ecstasy')
    • Wareing M, Fisk JE, Murphy PN. Working memory deficits in current and previous users of MDMA ('ecstasy'). Br J Psychology 2000 91 : 181 8.
    • (2000) Br J Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 181-8
    • Wareing, M.1    Fisk, J.E.2    Murphy, P.N.3
  • 88
    • 0032778026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level of use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) in humans correlates with EEG power and coherence
    • Dafters RL, Duffy F, O'Donnell PJ, Bouquet C. Level of use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) in humans correlates with EEG power and coherence. Psychopharmacology 1999 145 : 82 90.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology , vol.145 , pp. 82-90
    • Dafters, R.L.1    Duffy, F.2    O'Donnell, P.J.3    Bouquet, C.4
  • 89
    • 0037701620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific memory deficits in ecstasy users? the results of a meta-analysis
    • Verbaten MN. Specific memory deficits in ecstasy users? The results of a meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003 18 : 281 90.
    • (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 281-90
    • Verbaten, M.N.1
  • 90
    • 0035013041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy: Evidence for cognitive impairment
    • Bhattachary S, Powell JH. Recreational use of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy: evidence for cognitive impairment. Psychol Med 2001 31 : 647 58.
    • (2001) Psychol Med , vol.31 , pp. 647-58
    • Bhattachary, S.1    Powell, J.H.2
  • 91
    • 0028028350 scopus 로고
    • MDMA (ecstasy) abuse: Psychopathological features and craving for chocolate: A case series
    • Schifano F, Magni G. MDMA (ecstasy) abuse: psychopathological features and craving for chocolate: a case series. Biol Psychiatry 1994 36 : 763 7.
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 763-7
    • Schifano, F.1    Magni, G.2
  • 93
    • 0027461050 scopus 로고
    • MDMA (ecstasy); A case of possible drug-induced psychosis
    • Williams H, Meagher D, Galligan P. MDMA (ecstasy); a case of possible drug-induced psychosis. Ir J Med Sci 1993 162 : 43 4.
    • (1993) Ir J Med Sci , vol.162 , pp. 43-4
    • Williams, H.1    Meagher, D.2    Galligan, P.3
  • 94
    • 0028106251 scopus 로고
    • Diversity of psychopathology associated with use of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy)
    • McGuire PK, Cope H, Fahy TA. Diversity of psychopathology associated with use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy). Br J Psychiatry 1994 165 : 91 5.
    • (1994) Br J Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 91-5
    • McGuire, P.K.1    Cope, H.2    Fahy, T.A.3
  • 95
    • 0027008253 scopus 로고
    • MDMA (ecstasy) and panic disorder: Induction by a single dose
    • McCann UD, Ricaurte GA. MDMA (ecstasy) and panic disorder: induction by a single dose. Biol Psychiatry 1992 32 : 950 3.
    • (1992) Biol Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 950-3
    • McCann, U.D.1    Ricaurte, G.A.2
  • 96
    • 0026674432 scopus 로고
    • MDMA (ecstasy) precipitation of panic disorder
    • Pallanti S, Mazzi D. MDMA (ecstasy) precipitation of panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1992 32 : 91 5.
    • (1992) Biol Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 91-5
    • Pallanti, S.1    Mazzi, D.2
  • 99
    • 33645827306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood and use of MDMA: Prospective, population based study
    • Huizink AC, Fredinand RF, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood and use of MDMA: prospective, population based study. BMJ 2006 332 : 825.
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 825
    • Huizink, A.C.1    Fredinand, R.F.2    Van Der Ende, J.3    Verhulst, F.C.4
  • 100
    • 0035676869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric disorders in ecstasy (MDMA) users: A literature review focusing on personal predisposition and drug history
    • Soar K, Turner JJD, Parrott AC. Psychiatric disorders in ecstasy (MDMA) users: a literature review focusing on personal predisposition and drug history. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 641 45.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 641-45
    • Soar, K.1    Turner, J.J.D.2    Parrott, A.C.3
  • 101
    • 2542612841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: Further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation
    • Daumann J, Hensen G, Thimm B, Rezk M, Till B, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 398 404.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 398-404
    • Daumann, J.1    Hensen, G.2    Thimm, B.3    Rezk, M.4    Till, B.5    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.6
  • 102
    • 0036136961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational ecstasy/MDMA and other drug users from the UK and Italy: Psychiatric symptoms and psychobiological problems
    • Parrot AC, Milani RM, Parmar R, Turner JD. Recreational ecstasy/MDMA and other drug users from the UK and Italy: psychiatric symptoms and psychobiological problems. Psychopharmacology 2001 159 : 77 82.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology , vol.159 , pp. 77-82
    • Parrot, A.C.1    Milani, R.M.2    Parmar, R.3    Turner, J.D.4
  • 104
    • 2542635630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood disorders and serotonin transporter density in ecstasy users - The influence of long-term abstention, dose, and gender
    • de
    • de Win MML, Reneman L, Reitsma JB, den Heeten GJ, Booij J, van den Brink W. Mood disorders and serotonin transporter density in ecstasy users - the influence of long-term abstention, dose, and gender. Psychopharmacology 2004 173 : 376 82.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.173 , pp. 376-82
    • Win, M.M.L.1    Reneman, L.2    Reitsma, J.B.3    Den Heeten, G.J.4    Booij, J.5    Van Den Brink, W.6
  • 107
    • 0034870084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Former chronic methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) users report mild depressive symptoms
    • MacInnes N, Handley SL, Harding GFA. Former chronic methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) users report mild depressive symptoms. J Psychopharmacol 2001 15 : 181 6.
    • (2001) J Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 181-6
    • MacInnes, N.1    Handley, S.L.2    Harding, G.F.A.3
  • 108
    • 0035670247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological profile of abstinent recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users and significance of concomitant cannabis use
    • Daumann J, Pelz S, Becker S, Tuchtenhagen F, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. Psychological profile of abstinent recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users and significance of concomitant cannabis use. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 627 33.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 627-33
    • Daumann, J.1    Pelz, S.2    Becker, S.3    Tuchtenhagen, F.4    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.5
  • 109
    • 1042288613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angry cognitive bias, trait aggression and impulsivity in substance users
    • Bond AJ, Verheyden SL, Wingrove J, Curran HV. Angry cognitive bias, trait aggression and impulsivity in substance users. Psychopharmacology 2004 171 : 331 39.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology , vol.171 , pp. 331-39
    • Bond, A.J.1    Verheyden, S.L.2    Wingrove, J.3    Curran, H.V.4
  • 110
    • 0035670249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality dimensions and psychophatological profiles of ecstasy users
    • Dughiero G, Schifano F, Forza G. Personality dimensions and psychophatological profiles of ecstasy users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001 16 : 635 9.
    • (2001) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 635-9
    • Dughiero, G.1    Schifano, F.2    Forza, G.3
  • 111
    • 0031753399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) is associated with elevated impulsivity
    • Morgan MJ. Recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) is associated with elevated impulsivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998 19 : 252 64.
    • (1998) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.19 , pp. 252-64
    • Morgan, M.J.1
  • 112
    • 0033541208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic effect of MDMA on brain serotonin neruons
    • Klugman A, Hardy S, Baldeweg T, Gruzelier J. Toxic effect of MDMA on brain serotonin neruons. Lancet 1999 353 1269 70.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1269-70
    • Klugman, A.1    Hardy, S.2    Baldeweg, T.3    Gruzelier, J.4
  • 113
    • 12444281020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported depressive symptomatology in community samples of polysubstance misusers who report ecstasy use: A meta-analysis
    • Sumnall HR, Cole JC. Self-reported depressive symptomatology in community samples of polysubstance misusers who report ecstasy use: a meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol 2005 19 : 89 97.
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 89-97
    • Sumnall, H.R.1    Cole, J.C.2
  • 114
    • 0032168235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA (ecstasy) consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: A report on 150 patients
    • Schifano F, Di Furia L, Forza G, Minicuci N, Bricolo R. MDMA (ecstasy) consumption in the context of polydrug abuse: a report on 150 patients. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998 52 : 85 90.
    • (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.52 , pp. 85-90
    • Schifano, F.1    Di Furia, L.2    Forza, G.3    Minicuci, N.4    Bricolo, R.5
  • 115
    • 3042649658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users
    • Milani RM, Parrott AC, Turner JJ, Fox HC. Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users. Addict Behav 2004 29 : 965 71.
    • (2004) Addict Behav , vol.29 , pp. 965-71
    • Milani, R.M.1    Parrott, A.C.2    Turner, J.J.3    Fox, H.C.4
  • 116
    • 21044438319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: Moderate cannabis use may compensate for self-rated aggression and somatic symptoms
    • Milani RM, Parrott AC, Schifano F, Turner JJ. Pattern of cannabis use in ecstasy polydrug users: moderate cannabis use may compensate for self-rated aggression and somatic symptoms. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005 20 249 61.
    • (2005) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 249-61
    • Milani, R.M.1    Parrott, A.C.2    Schifano, F.3    Turner, J.J.4
  • 117
    • 0141493551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecstacy's after-effects
    • Anonymus.
    • Anonymus. Ecstacy's after-effects. Nature 2003 425 : 223.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 223


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.