메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 215, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2007, Pages 27-44

An update on the safety and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1%: Evidence from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance

Author keywords

Atopic dermatitis; Calcineurin inhibitors; Eczema; Elidel; Pimecrolimus cream 1

Indexed keywords

CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR; CORTICOSTEROID; HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE; PIMECROLIMUS; TACROLIMUS; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE;

EID: 37349125328     PISSN: 10188665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000102118     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0037431756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis
    • Leung DY, Bieber T: Atopic dermatitis. Lancet 2003;361:151-160.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 151-160
    • Leung, D.Y.1    Bieber, T.2
  • 2
    • 0034921314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life in atopic dermatitis
    • Finlay AY: Quality of life in atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:S64-S66.
    • (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.45
    • Finlay, A.Y.1
  • 3
    • 0002732887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compliance problems in pediatric atopic eczema
    • Fischer G: Compliance problems in pediatric atopic eczema. Aust J Dermatol 1996;37:10-13.
    • (1996) Aust J Dermatol , vol.37 , pp. 10-13
    • Fischer, G.1
  • 4
    • 0034075485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema
    • Charman CR, Morris AD, Williams HC: Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:931-936.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.142 , pp. 931-936
    • Charman, C.R.1    Morris, A.D.2    Williams, H.C.3
  • 5
    • 0033679307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do patients with atopic dermatitis refuse to apply topical corticosteroids?
    • Fukaya M: Why do patients with atopic dermatitis refuse to apply topical corticosteroids? Dermatology 2000;201:242-245.
    • (2000) Dermatology , vol.201 , pp. 242-245
    • Fukaya, M.1
  • 6
    • 0028248711 scopus 로고
    • Topical steroid treatment in infants, children, and adolescents
    • Hepburn D, Yohn JJ, Weston WI: Topical steroid treatment in infants, children, and adolescents. Adv Dermatol 1994;9:225-254.
    • (1994) Adv Dermatol , vol.9 , pp. 225-254
    • Hepburn, D.1    Yohn, J.J.2    Weston, W.I.3
  • 8
    • 0033981573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing pediatric atopic dermatitis
    • Raimer SS: Managing pediatric atopic dermatitis. Clin Pediatr 2000;39:1-14.
    • (2000) Clin Pediatr , vol.39 , pp. 1-14
    • Raimer, S.S.1
  • 9
    • 0033756812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal management of atopic dermatitis
    • Abeck D, Strom K: Optimal management of atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000;1:41-46.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Abeck, D.1    Strom, K.2
  • 10
    • 0017888472 scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects from topical corticosteroids
    • Hill CJ, Rosenberg A, Jr: Adverse effects from topical corticosteroids. Cutis 1978;21:624-628.
    • (1978) Cutis , vol.21 , pp. 624-628
    • Hill, C.J.1    Rosenberg Jr, A.2
  • 12
    • 0035287993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis in childhood
    • Lewis-Jones S: Atopic dermatitis in childhood. Hosp Med 2001;62:136-143.
    • (2001) Hosp Med , vol.62 , pp. 136-143
    • Lewis-Jones, S.1
  • 13
    • 0021152544 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy versus systemic side effects of six topical steroids in the treatment of atopic dermatitis of childhood
    • Queille C, Pommarede R, Saurat JH: Efficacy versus systemic side effects of six topical steroids in the treatment of atopic dermatitis of childhood. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;1:246-253.
    • (1984) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.1 , pp. 246-253
    • Queille, C.1    Pommarede, R.2    Saurat, J.H.3
  • 14
    • 0022449057 scopus 로고
    • Effect of percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone on adrenocortical responsiveness in infants with severe skin disease
    • Turpeinen M, Salo OP, Leisti S: Effect of percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone on adrenocortical responsiveness in infants with severe skin disease. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:475-484.
    • (1986) Br J Dermatol , vol.115 , pp. 475-484
    • Turpeinen, M.1    Salo, O.P.2    Leisti, S.3
  • 15
    • 0023888530 scopus 로고
    • Influence of age and severity of dermatitis on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone in children
    • Turpeinem M: Influence of age and severity of dermatitis on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone in children. Br J Dermatol 1988;118:517-522.
    • (1988) Br J Dermatol , vol.118 , pp. 517-522
    • Turpeinem, M.1
  • 17
    • 0142246451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-steroidal topical immunomodulators provide skin-selective, self-limiting treatment in atopic dermatitis
    • Bos JD: Non-steroidal topical immunomodulators provide skin-selective, self-limiting treatment in atopic dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol 2003;13:455-461.
    • (2003) Eur J Dermatol , vol.13 , pp. 455-461
    • Bos, J.D.1
  • 18
    • 4344559484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. A meta-analysis of current evidence
    • Iskedjian M, Piwko C, Shear NH, Langley RGB, Einarson TR: Topical calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. A meta-analysis of current evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol 2004;5:267-279.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.5 , pp. 267-279
    • Iskedjian, M.1    Piwko, C.2    Shear, N.H.3    Langley, R.G.B.4    Einarson, T.R.5
  • 20
    • 0141926677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis management with tacrolimus ointment (Protopic)
    • Kapp A, Allen BR, Reitamo S: Atopic dermatitis management with tacrolimus ointment (Protopic). J Dermatol Treat 2003;14(suppl 1):5-16.
    • (2003) J Dermatol Treat , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 5-16
    • Kapp, A.1    Allen, B.R.2    Reitamo, S.3
  • 21
    • 17944364504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment: A review of its use in atopic dermatitis and its clinical potential in other inflammatory skin conditions
    • Simpson D, Noble S: Tacrolimus ointment: A review of its use in atopic dermatitis and its clinical potential in other inflammatory skin conditions. Drugs 2005;65:827-858.
    • (2005) Drugs , vol.65 , pp. 827-858
    • Simpson, D.1    Noble, S.2
  • 22
    • 0036252948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical pimecrolimus. A review of its clinical potential in the management of atopic dermatitis
    • Wellington K, Jarvis B: Topical pimecrolimus. A review of its clinical potential in the management of atopic dermatitis. Drugs 2002;62:817-840.
    • (2002) Drugs , vol.62 , pp. 817-840
    • Wellington, K.1    Jarvis, B.2
  • 23
    • 0038202914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimecrolimus: A review of pre-clinical and clinical data
    • Graham-Brown RAC, Grassberger M: Pimecrolimus: a review of pre-clinical and clinical data. Int J Clin Pract 2003;57:319-327.
    • (2003) Int J Clin Pract , vol.57 , pp. 319-327
    • Graham-Brown, R.A.C.1    Grassberger, M.2
  • 24
    • 0038203253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elidel (pimecrolimus) cream 1% - a non-steroidal topical agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
    • Eichenfield LF, Beck L: Elidel (pimecrolimus) cream 1% - a non-steroidal topical agent for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:1153-1165.
    • (2003) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.111 , pp. 1153-1165
    • Eichenfield, L.F.1    Beck, L.2
  • 25
    • 1542400364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease
    • Wolff K, Stuetz A: Pimecrolimus for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5:643-655.
    • (2004) Expert Opin Pharmacother , vol.5 , pp. 643-655
    • Wolff, K.1    Stuetz, A.2
  • 27
    • 0346101874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption of drugs used in atopic eczema: Pimecrolimus permeates less through the skin than corticosteroids and tacrolimus
    • Billich A, Aschauer H, Aszódi A, Stuetz A: Percutaneous absorption of drugs used in atopic eczema: pimecrolimus permeates less through the skin than corticosteroids and tacrolimus. Int J Pharm 2004;269:29-35.
    • (2004) Int J Pharm , vol.269 , pp. 29-35
    • Billich, A.1    Aschauer, H.2    Aszódi, A.3    Stuetz, A.4
  • 28
    • 23844476199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation and safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
    • Hultsch T, Kapp A, Spergel J: Immunomodulation and safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 2005;211:174-187.
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 174-187
    • Hultsch, T.1    Kapp, A.2    Spergel, J.3
  • 29
    • 33644836845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus cream among infants: Experience with 1133 patients treated for up to 2 years
    • Paul C, Cork M, Rossi AB, Papp KA, Barbier N, de Prost Y: Safety and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus cream among infants: experience with 1133 patients treated for up to 2 years. Pediatrics 2006;117:e118-e128.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.117
    • Paul, C.1    Cork, M.2    Rossi, A.B.3    Papp, K.A.4    Barbier, N.5    de Prost, Y.6
  • 30
    • 0036169163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low systemic exposure after repeated application of pimecrolimus (Elidel®, SDZ ASM 981) in patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Van Leent EJ, Ebelin ME, Burtin P, Dorobek B, Spuls PI, Bos JD: Low systemic exposure after repeated application of pimecrolimus (Elidel®, SDZ ASM 981) in patients with atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 2002;204:63-68.
    • (2002) Dermatology , vol.204 , pp. 63-68
    • Van Leent, E.J.1    Ebelin, M.E.2    Burtin, P.3    Dorobek, B.4    Spuls, P.I.5    Bos, J.D.6
  • 33
    • 33645119731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low systemic exposure in infants with atopic dermatitis in a 1-year pharmacokinetic study with pimecrolimus cream 1%. Exp
    • Lakhanpaul M, Davies T, Allen BR, Schneider D: Low systemic exposure in infants with atopic dermatitis in a 1-year pharmacokinetic study with pimecrolimus cream 1%. Exp Dermatol 2006;15:138-141.
    • (2006) Dermatol , vol.15 , pp. 138-141
    • Lakhanpaul, M.1    Davies, T.2    Allen, B.R.3    Schneider, D.4
  • 35
    • 26444550724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimecrolimus permeates less than tacrolimus through normal, inflamed, or corticosteroid-pretreated skin
    • Meingassner JG, Heinrich A, Stuetz A, Billich A: Pimecrolimus permeates less than tacrolimus through normal, inflamed, or corticosteroid-pretreated skin. Exp Dermatol 2005;14:752-757.
    • (2005) Exp Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 752-757
    • Meingassner, J.G.1    Heinrich, A.2    Stuetz, A.3    Billich, A.4
  • 36
    • 25844507194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of topical calcineurin inhibitors in adult atopic dermatitis: A randomized, investigator-blind comparison
    • Draelos Z, Nayak A, Pariser D, Shupack JL, Chon K, Abrams B, Paul CF: Pharmacokinetics of topical calcineurin inhibitors in adult atopic dermatitis: a randomized, investigator-blind comparison. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:602-609.
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.53 , pp. 602-609
    • Draelos, Z.1    Nayak, A.2    Pariser, D.3    Shupack, J.L.4    Chon, K.5    Abrams, B.6    Paul, C.F.7
  • 37
    • 20944435220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US/Canada Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group: Tacrolimus ointment is more effective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Results from 3 randomized, comparative studies
    • Paller AS, Lebwohl M, Fleischer AB, Antaya R, Langley RG, Kirsner RS, Blum RR, Rico MJ, Jaracz E, Crowe A, Linowski CJ; US/Canada Tacrolimus Ointment Study Group: Tacrolimus ointment is more effective than pimecrolimus cream with a similar safety profile in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Results from 3 randomized, comparative studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:810-822.
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.52 , pp. 810-822
    • Paller, A.S.1    Lebwohl, M.2    Fleischer, A.B.3    Antaya, R.4    Langley, R.G.5    Kirsner, R.S.6    Blum, R.R.7    Rico, M.J.8    Jaracz, E.9    Crowe, A.10    Linowski, C.J.11
  • 39
    • 29444433508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flare Reduction in Eczema with Elidel (children) multicenter investigator study group: Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children
    • Wahn U, Bos JD, Goodfield M, Caputo R, Papp K, Manjra A, Dobozy A, Paul C, Molloy S, Hultsch T, Graeber M, Cherill R, de Prost Y; Flare Reduction in Eczema with Elidel (children) multicenter investigator study group: Efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in children. Pediatrics 2002;110:1-8.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , pp. 1-8
    • Wahn, U.1    Bos, J.D.2    Goodfield, M.3    Caputo, R.4    Papp, K.5    Manjra, A.6    Dobozy, A.7    Paul, C.8    Molloy, S.9    Hultsch, T.10    Graeber, M.11    Cherill, R.12    de Prost, Y.13
  • 40
    • 19044390564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CASMDE-01 Study Group: Pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in adults: A six-month study
    • Meurer M, Foelster-Holst R, Wozel G, Weidinger G, Juenger M, Braeutigam M, CASMDE-01 Study Group: Pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in adults: A six-month study. Dermatology 2002;205:271-277.
    • (2002) Dermatology , vol.205 , pp. 271-277
    • Meurer, M.1    Foelster-Holst, R.2    Wozel, G.3    Weidinger, G.4    Juenger, M.5    Braeutigam, M.6
  • 42
    • 3343004623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% and topical corticosteroids in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
    • Luger TA, Lahfa M, Foelster-Holst R, Gulliver WP, Allen R, Molloy S, Barbier N, Paul C, Bos JD: Long-term safety and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% and topical corticosteroids in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Treat 2004;15:169-178.
    • (2004) J Dermatol Treat , vol.15 , pp. 169-178
    • Luger, T.A.1    Lahfa, M.2    Foelster-Holst, R.3    Gulliver, W.P.4    Allen, R.5    Molloy, S.6    Barbier, N.7    Paul, C.8    Bos, J.D.9
  • 45
    • 37349004302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washenik K, Cherill R, Felser J, Abrams B: Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981) cream: A similarly low incidence of application site burning compared with vehicle in pediatric patients. 60th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, New Orleans (LA), 2002. Poster No. P118. Poster Abstracts Book available online at: http://www.aad.org/NR/rdonlyres/B77B2CFB-60B2-4973-8D02- E2CB5BC48F4B/0/AM02abstract. pdf.
    • Washenik K, Cherill R, Felser J, Abrams B: Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981) cream: A similarly low incidence of application site burning compared with vehicle in pediatric patients. 60th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, New Orleans (LA), 2002. Poster No. P118. Poster Abstracts Book available online at: http://www.aad.org/NR/rdonlyres/B77B2CFB-60B2-4973-8D02- E2CB5BC48F4B/0/AM02abstract. pdf.
  • 46
    • 20844459817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized investigator-blinded study comparing pimecrolimus cream 1% with tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in the treatment of pediatric patients with moderate atopic dermatitis
    • Kempers S, Boguniewicz M, Carter E, Jarratt M, Pariser D, Stewart D, Stiller M, Tschen E, Chon K, Wisseh S, Abrams B: A randomized investigator-blinded study comparing pimecrolimus cream 1% with tacrolimus ointment 0.03% in the treatment of pediatric patients with moderate atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:515-525.
    • (2004) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.51 , pp. 515-525
    • Kempers, S.1    Boguniewicz, M.2    Carter, E.3    Jarratt, M.4    Pariser, D.5    Stewart, D.6    Stiller, M.7    Tschen, E.8    Chon, K.9    Wisseh, S.10    Abrams, B.11
  • 47
    • 0042737714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary infections in patients with atopic dermatitis
    • Luebbe J: Secondary infections in patients with atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003;4:641-654.
    • (2003) Am J Clin Dermatol , vol.4 , pp. 641-654
    • Luebbe, J.1
  • 48
    • 0021853467 scopus 로고
    • Herpes simplex infections in atopic eczema
    • David TJ, Longson M: Herpes simplex infections in atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 1985;60:338-343.
    • (1985) Arch Dis Child , vol.60 , pp. 338-343
    • David, T.J.1    Longson, M.2
  • 50
    • 0022642290 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial infections in atopic eczema
    • David TJ, Cambridge GC: Bacterial infections in atopic eczema. Arch Dis Child 1986;61:20-23.
    • (1986) Arch Dis Child , vol.61 , pp. 20-23
    • David, T.J.1    Cambridge, G.C.2
  • 51
    • 0017381617 scopus 로고
    • Common eye problems in infants and children
    • Brown CA: Common eye problems in infants and children. Practitioner 1977;219:53-58.
    • (1977) Practitioner , vol.219 , pp. 53-58
    • Brown, C.A.1
  • 52
    • 0032431452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic infections shortly after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Rodriguez-Rosado R, Soriano V, Dona C, Gonzalez-Lahoz J: Opportunistic infections shortly after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 1998;3:229-231.
    • (1998) Antivir Ther , vol.3 , pp. 229-231
    • Rodriguez-Rosado, R.1    Soriano, V.2    Dona, C.3    Gonzalez-Lahoz, J.4
  • 53
    • 2942530876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging trends in infections among renal transplant recipients
    • Varon NF, Alangaden GJ: Emerging trends in infections among renal transplant recipients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2004;2:95-109.
    • (2004) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther , vol.2 , pp. 95-109
    • Varon, N.F.1    Alangaden, G.J.2
  • 54
    • 6944253868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of opportunistic infections in solid-organ transplantation
    • Chiu LM, Domagala BM, Park JM: Management of opportunistic infections in solid-organ transplantation. Prog Transplant 2004;14:114-129.
    • (2004) Prog Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 114-129
    • Chiu, L.M.1    Domagala, B.M.2    Park, J.M.3
  • 55
    • 0035081866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new topical ascomycin derivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: A randomized, double blind controlled study
    • Queille-Roussel C, Paul C, Duteil C, Lefebvre M-C, Rapatz G, Zagula M, Ortonne JP: The new topical ascomycin derivative SDZ ASM 981 does not induce skin atrophy when applied to normal skin for 4 weeks: a randomized, double blind controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:507-513.
    • (2001) Br J Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 507-513
    • Queille-Roussel, C.1    Paul, C.2    Duteil, C.3    Lefebvre, M.-C.4    Rapatz, G.5    Zagula, M.6    Ortonne, J.P.7
  • 56
    • 0029115552 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and betamethasone on collagen synthesis in human skin in vivo
    • Haapasaari KM, Risteli J, Koivukangas V, Oikarinen A: Comparison of the effect of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and betamethasone on collagen synthesis in human skin in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol 1995;75:269-271.
    • (1995) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.75 , pp. 269-271
    • Haapasaari, K.M.1    Risteli, J.2    Koivukangas, V.3    Oikarinen, A.4
  • 57
    • 0031464159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone acetonate and mometasone furoate on collagen synthesis in human skin in vivo
    • Haapasaari KM, Risteli J, Karvonen J, Oikarinen A: Effect of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone acetonate and mometasone furoate on collagen synthesis in human skin in vivo. Skin Pharmacol 1997;10:261-264.
    • (1997) Skin Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 261-264
    • Haapasaari, K.M.1    Risteli, J.2    Karvonen, J.3    Oikarinen, A.4
  • 58
    • 0032435583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy: Topical glucocorticoid apparently decreases both collagen synthesis and the corresponding collagen mRNA level in human skin in vivo
    • Oikarinen A, Haapasaari KM, Sutinen M, Tasanen K: The molecular basis of glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy: topical glucocorticoid apparently decreases both collagen synthesis and the corresponding collagen mRNA level in human skin in vivo. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:1106-1110.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.139 , pp. 1106-1110
    • Oikarinen, A.1    Haapasaari, K.M.2    Sutinen, M.3    Tasanen, K.4
  • 59
    • 8544226926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of stratum corneum intercellular lipid lamellae and barrier function abnormalities after long-term topical corticosteroids
    • Sheu HM, Lee JYY, Chai CY, Kuo K: Depletion of stratum corneum intercellular lipid lamellae and barrier function abnormalities after long-term topical corticosteroids. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:884-890.
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 884-890
    • Sheu, H.M.1    Lee, J.Y.Y.2    Chai, C.Y.3    Kuo, K.4
  • 60
    • 0035030336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid-induced atrophy and barrier impairment measured by noninvasive methods in human skin
    • Kolbe L, Kligman AM, Schreiner V, Stoudemayer T: Corticosteroid-induced atrophy and barrier impairment measured by noninvasive methods in human skin. Skin Res Technol 2001;7:73-77.
    • (2001) Skin Res Technol , vol.7 , pp. 73-77
    • Kolbe, L.1    Kligman, A.M.2    Schreiner, V.3    Stoudemayer, T.4
  • 61
    • 0037335167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term glucocorticoid treatment compromises both permeability barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum integrity: Inhibition of epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for functional abnormalities
    • Kao JS, Fluhr JW, Man MQ, Fowler AJ, Hachem JP, Crumrine D, Ahn SK, Brown BE, Elias PM, Feingold KR: Short-term glucocorticoid treatment compromises both permeability barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum integrity: inhibition of epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for functional abnormalities. J Invest Dermatol 2003;120:456-464.
    • (2003) J Invest Dermatol , vol.120 , pp. 456-464
    • Kao, J.S.1    Fluhr, J.W.2    Man, M.Q.3    Fowler, A.J.4    Hachem, J.P.5    Crumrine, D.6    Ahn, S.K.7    Brown, B.E.8    Elias, P.M.9    Feingold, K.R.10
  • 63
    • 10344261595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol intolerance and facial flushing in patients treated with topical tacrolimus
    • Milingou M, Antille C, Sorg O, Saurat J-H, Luebbe J: Alcohol intolerance and facial flushing in patients treated with topical tacrolimus. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1542-1544.
    • (2004) Arch Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 1542-1544
    • Milingou, M.1    Antille, C.2    Sorg, O.3    Saurat, J.-H.4    Luebbe, J.5
  • 64
    • 37349006411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elidel® (pimecrolimus) Cream 1%. For dermatologic use only
    • Prescribing information. Revised January
    • Novartis: Elidel® (pimecrolimus) Cream 1%. For dermatologic use only. Not for ophthalmic use. Rx only. Prescribing information. Revised January 2006. http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/product/pi/pdf/elidel.pdf.
    • (2006) Not for ophthalmic use. Rx only
    • Novartis1
  • 66
    • 6044243732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose immunosuppression reduces the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver graft recipients
    • Ganshow R, Schulz T, Meyer T, Broering DC, Burdelski M: Low-dose immunosuppression reduces the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver graft recipients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:198-203.
    • (2004) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.38 , pp. 198-203
    • Ganshow, R.1    Schulz, T.2    Meyer, T.3    Broering, D.C.4    Burdelski, M.5
  • 67
    • 0033795921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of skin cancer in 5,356 patients following organ transplantation
    • Lindelof B, Sigurgeirsson B, Gabel H, Stern RS: Incidence of skin cancer in 5,356 patients following organ transplantation. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:513-519.
    • (2000) Br J Dermatol , vol.143 , pp. 513-519
    • Lindelof, B.1    Sigurgeirsson, B.2    Gabel, H.3    Stern, R.S.4
  • 70
  • 71
    • 20444506718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology: Report of the topical calcineurin inhibitor task force of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
    • Fonacier L, Spergel J, Charlesworth EN, Weldon D, Beltrani V, Bernhisel-Broadbent J, Boguniewicz M, Leung DY; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology: Report of the topical calcineurin inhibitor task force of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:1249-1253.
    • (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.115 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Fonacier, L.1    Spergel, J.2    Charlesworth, E.N.3    Weldon, D.4    Beltrani, V.5    Bernhisel-Broadbent, J.6    Boguniewicz, M.7    Leung, D.Y.8
  • 75
    • 0032939052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does photosensitivity predict photocarcinogenicity?
    • Jacobs J, Avalos J, Brown P, Wilkin J: Does photosensitivity predict photocarcinogenicity? Int J Toxicol 1999;18:191-198.
    • (1999) Int J Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 191-198
    • Jacobs, J.1    Avalos, J.2    Brown, P.3    Wilkin, J.4
  • 76
    • 0026534399 scopus 로고
    • The carcinogenicity of ciclosporin
    • Ryffel B: The carcinogenicity of ciclosporin. Toxicology 1992;73:1-22.
    • (1992) Toxicology , vol.73 , pp. 1-22
    • Ryffel, B.1
  • 77
    • 0025278174 scopus 로고
    • Malignant lymphomas associated with immunodeficiency states
    • Biemer JJ: Malignant lymphomas associated with immunodeficiency states. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1990;20:175-191.
    • (1990) Ann Clin Lab Sci , vol.20 , pp. 175-191
    • Biemer, J.J.1
  • 78
    • 26244448556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus and the risk of cancer: How much cause for concern?
    • Ormerod AD: Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus and the risk of cancer: how much cause for concern? Br J Dermatol 2005;153:701-705.
    • (2005) Br J Dermatol , vol.153 , pp. 701-705
    • Ormerod, A.D.1
  • 79
    • 37349048769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Fast Stats: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Age-adjusted incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals. SEER 13 Registries for 1998-2002. http://seer.cancer.gov/ faststats/sites.php?stat=Incidence&site=Non-Hodgkin+Lymphoma&x=10&y= 16.
    • National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Fast Stats: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Age-adjusted incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals. SEER 13 Registries for 1998-2002. http://seer.cancer.gov/ faststats/sites.php?stat=Incidence&site=Non-Hodgkin+Lymphoma&x=10&y= 16.
  • 80
    • 33847678958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA approves updated labeling with box warning and medication guide for two eczema drugs, Elidel and Protopic
    • Food and Drug Administration
    • Food and Drug Administration: FDA News. FDA approves updated labeling with box warning and medication guide for two eczema drugs, Elidel and Protopic. http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/news/2006/NEW01299.html.
    • FDA News


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.