Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Volumn 54, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 1-15

  Hengge, Ulrich R ^a   Ruzicka, Thomas ^a   Schwartz, Robert A ^b   Cork, Michael J ^c  

^a HEINRICH HEINE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; AMCINONIDE; BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE; BETAMETHASONE VALERATE; CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE; CORTICOSTEROID; DECADRON PHOSPHATE; DERMASMOOTHE; DESONIDE; DESOXIMETASONE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIFLORASONE DIACETATE; FLUDROXYCORTIDE; FLUMETASONE; FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE; FLUOCINONIDE; FLUOCORTOLONE CAPROATE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; GLUCOCORTICOID; HALCINONIDE; HYDROCORTISONE; HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE; HYDROCORTISONE VALERATE; LUXIQ; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MOMETASONE FUROATE; PREDNICARBATE; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; TOLNAFTATE; TRIAMCINOLONE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACNE; ADDICTION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; ASEPTIC NECROSIS; ATROPHY; BODY SURFACE; BODY WEIGHT; BRAIN PSEUDOTUMOR; CANDIDIASIS; CATARACT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CUSHING DISEASE; DEMODEX; DEPIGMENTATION; DERMATITIS; DERMATOLOGY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG EFFICACY; EDEMA; ERYTHEMA; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; FRACTURE; GLAUCOMA; GRANULOMA; GROWTH RETARDATION; GYNECOMASTIA; HEMATOMA; HERPES; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERPIGMENTATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRICHOSIS; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOPIGMENTATION; INFECTION; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; INTRAOCULAR HYPERTENSION; KAPOSI SARCOMA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MOOD DISORDER; MOON FACE; OBESITY; OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE; PERIORAL DERMATITIS; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; PIGMENT DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; PSORIASIS; PURPURA; REVIEW; ROSACEA; SAFETY; SCAR FORMATION; SENSITIZATION; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN ATROPHY; SKIN DISCOLORATION; SKIN INFECTION; SKIN IRRITATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; STRIA; TACHYPHYLAXIS; TELANGIECTASIA; ULCER; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VASOCONSTRICTION; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 29244466111     PISSN: 01909622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.01.010     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. M.B. Sulzberger, and V.H. Witten Effect of topically applied compound F in selected dermatoses J Invest Dermatol 19 1952 101 102
2. E.W. Smith Do we need new and different glucocorticoids? A re-appraisal of the various congeners and potential alternatives Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 1 10
3. T.B. Fitzpatrick, H.C. Griswold, and J.H. Hicks Sodium retention and edema from percutaneous absorption of fludrocortisone acetate J Am Med Assoc 158 1955 1149 1152
4. P.J. Ayres, and G. Hooper Assessment of the skin penetration properties of different carrier vehicles for topically applied cortisol Br J Dermatol 99 1978 307 317
5. R.J. Feldmann, and H.I. Maibach Regional variation in percutaneous penetration of 14C cortisol in man J Invest Dermatol 48 1967 181 183
6. R.C. Wester, and H.I. Maibach Dermatophamacokinetics in clinical dermatology Semin Dermatol 2 1983 81 84
7. C.J.H. Hill, and A. Rostenberg Adverse effects from topical steroids Cutis 21 1978 624 628
8. D. Lubach, A. Bensmann, and U. Bonemann Steroid-induced dermal atrophy: investigations on discontinuous application Dermatologica 179 1989 67 72
9. Y. Werner, and M. Lindberg Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis Acta Derm Venereol 65 1985 102 105
10. P. Thune Evaluation of the hydration and water-holding capacity in atopic skin and so called dry skin Acta Derm Venereol 144 1989 133 135
11. M. Turpeinen, E. Lehtokoski-Lehtiniemi, S. Leisti, and O.P. Salo Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone during and after the acute phase of dermatitis in children Pediatr Dermatol 5 1988 276 279
12. R.B. Cubey Glaucoma following application of corticosteroid to the skin of the eyelids Br J Dermatol 95 1976 207 208
13. C. Zugerman, D. Sauders, and F. Levit Glaucoma from topically applied steroids Arch Dermatol 112 1976 1326
14. N.V. Neilsen, and P.N. Sorenson Glaucoma induced by application of corticosteroids to the periorbital region Arch Dermatol 114 1978 953 954
15. G. Fischer Compliance problems in paediatric atopic eczema Australas J Dermatol 37 1996 S10 S13
16. C.R. Charman, A.D. Morris, and H.C. Williams Topical corticosteroid phobia in patients with atopic eczema Br J Dermatol 142 2000 931 936
17. J.J. Yohn, and W.L. Weston Topical glucocorticosteroids Curr Probl Dermatol 2 1990 31 63
18. R.B. Stoughton Vasoconstrictor assay - specific applications H.I. Maibach C. Surber TCS 1992 Karger Basel 42 53
19. A.W. McKenzie, and R.W. Stoughton Methods for comparing percutaneous absorption of steroids Arch Dermatol 86 1962 608 610
20. R.C. Kornell, and R.B. Stoughton Correlation of vasoconstrictor assay in clinical activity of psoriasis Arch Dermatol 121 1985 63 67
21. R. Niedner Human models H.I. Maibach C. Surber TCS 1992 Karger Basel 17 25
22. H. Sukanto, J.P. Nater, and E. Bleumink Suppression of ultraviolet erythema by topical corticosteroids Dermatologica 161 1980 84 88
23. R. Stengel, R. Stricker, and E. Schopf Anti-inflammatory effect and tachyphylaxis of systemic and combined systemic-topical treatment with corticosteroids in the pyrexal erythema test Z Hautkr 59 1984 1620 1622
24. P.J. Frosch, E.M. Behrenbeck, K. Frosch, and E. Macher The Duhring chamber assay for corticosteroid atrophy Br J Dermatol 104 1981 57 65
25. P.J. Frosch, and A.M. Kligman Rapid blister formation in human skin with ammonium hydroxide Br J Dermatol 96 1977 461 473
26. J.D. Kirby, and D.D. Munro Steroid-induced atrophy in animal and human models Br J Dermatol 94 1976 111 119
27. G. Plewig, and A.M. Kligman Induction of acne by topical steroids Arch Dermatol Forsch 247 1973 29 52
28. F. Schröpel Plasma cortisol concentrations following whole body application of KOE-777 (prednicarbate) E. Christophers E. Schöpf A.M. Kligman R.B. Stoughton Topical corticosteroid therapy 1988 Raven Press New York 151 167
29. D. Lubach, and M. Kietzmann Anti-inflammatory effect and thinning of the skin: models for testing topically applied corticosteroids on human skin H.I. Maibach C. Surber TCS 1992 Karger Basel 26 41
30. H.H. Wolff, J.F. Kreusch, K.P. Wilhelm, and S. Klaus The psoriasis plaque test and topical corticosteroids: evaluation by computerized laser profilometry Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 107 113
31. H.C. Korting Topical glucocorticoids and thinning of normal skin as to be assessed by ultrasound Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 114 121
32. H. Schulz, K.H. Nietsch, and T. Höhler Early detection of glucocorticoid-specific epidermal alterations using skin surface microscopy Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 132 139
33. J.A. Fairley, and J.E. Rasmussen Comparison of stratum corneum thickness in children and adults J Am Acad Dermatol 8 1983 652 654
34. D.B. Robertson, and H.I. Maibach Topical corticosteroids Int J Dermatol 21 1982 59 67
35. B.R. Lagos, and H.I. Maibach Frequency of application of topical corticosteroids: an overview Br J Dermatol 139 1998 763 766
36. A. du Vivier Tachyphylaxis to topically applied steroids Arch Dermatol 112 1976 1245 1248
37. L.H. Kligman, E. Schwartz, R.H. Lesnik, and J.A. Mezick Topical tretinoin prevents corticosteroid-induced atrophy without lessening the anti-inflammatory effect Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 79 88
38. N.M. Epstein, W.L. Epstein, and J.H. Epstein Atrophic striae in patients with inguinal intertrigo Arch Dermatol 87 1963 450
39. M. Ponec, C. De Haas, B.N. Bachra, and M.K. Polano Effects of glucocorticosteroids on cultured human skin fibroblasts. III. Transient inhibition of cell proliferation in the early growth stages and reduced susceptibility in later growth stages Arch Dermatol Res 265 1979 219 227
40. R.M. Lavker, N.M. Schechter, and G.S. Lazarus Effects of TCS on human dermis Br J Dermatol 115 1986 101 107
41. U. Hettmannsperger, S. Tenorio, C.E. Orfanos, and M. Detmar Corticosteroids induce proliferation but do not influence TNF- or IL-1 beta-induced ICAM-1 expression of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro Arch Dermatol Res 285 1993 347 351
42. H.M. Sheu, J.Y. Lee, C.Y. Chai, and K.W. Kuo Depletion of stratum corneum intercellular lipid lamellae and barrier function abnormalities after long-term TCS Br J Dermatol 136 1997 884 890
43. J.S. Kao, J.W. Fluhr, M.Q. Man, A.J. Fowler, J.P. Hachem, and D. Crumrine Short-term glucocorticoid treatment compromises both permeability barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum integrity: inhibition of epidermal lipid synthesis accounts for functional abnormalities J Invest Dermatol 120 2003 456 464
44. N.M. Ammar, B. Rao, R.A. Schwartz, and C.K. Janniger Cutaneous striae Cutis 65 2000 69 70
45. P.K. Nigam Striae cutis distensae Int J Dermatol 28 1989 426 428
46. M.J. Rapaport, and V. Rapaport Eyelid dermatitis to red face syndrome to cure: clinical experience in 100 cases J Am Acad Dermatol 41 1999 435 442
47. J.E. Fulton, and A.M. Kligman Aggravation of acne vulgaris by topical application of corticosteroids under occlusion Cutis 4 1968 1106
48. K.H. Kaidbey, and A.M. Kligman The pathogenesis of topical steroid acne J Invest Dermatol 62 1974 31 36
49. J.Z. Litt Steroid-induced rosacea Am Fam Physician 48 1993 67 71
50. R. Mehan, and S. Ayers Jr. Perioral dermatitis Arch Dermatol 89 1964 803
51. Z.H. Hafeez Perioral dermatitis: an update Int J Dermatol 42 2003 514 517
52. A.M. Kligman Topical steroid addicts JAMA 235 1976 1550
53. K. Wells, and R.T. Brodell Topical corticosteroid "addiction." A cause of perioral dermatitis Postgrad Med 93 1993 225 230
54. M.J. Rapaport, and V.H. Rapaport Serum nitric oxide levels in "red" patients: separating corticosteroid-addicted patients from those with chronic eczema Arch Dermatol 140 2004 1013 1014
55. K. Takeda, S. Arase, and S. Takahashi Side effects of TCS and their prevention Drugs 5 1988 15 23
56. D.D. Munro Disorders of hair T.B. Fitzpatrick W.H. Clark Dermatology and general medicine 1971 McGraw Hill New York 17
57. E. Schoepf Nebenwirkungen externer Kortikoidtherapie Hautarzt 23 1972 295 301
58. S.J. Friedman, D.F. Butler, and M.R. Pittelkow Perilesional linear atrophy and hypopigmentation after intralesional corticosteroid therapy. Report of two cases and review of the literature J Am Acad Dermatol 19 1988 537 541
59. D. Colomb Stellate spontaneous pseudoscars. Senile and presenile forms: especially those forms caused by prolonged corticoid therapy Arch Dermatol 105 1972 551 554
60. J.N. Aucott Glucocorticoids and infection Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23 1994 655 670
61. R.A. Schwartz Superficial fungal infections Lancet 364 2004 1173 1182
62. F.A. Ive, and R. Marks Tinea incognito Br Med J 3 1968 149 152
63. V. Marliere, S. Roul, C. Labreze, and A. Taieb Crusted (Norwegian) scabies induced by use of TCS and treated successfully with ivermectin J Pediatr 135 1999 122 124
64. T. Hamada Granuloma intertriginosum infantum (granuloma glutaeale infantum) Arch Dermatol 111 1975 1072 1073
65. E. Peres, M.A. Barnadas, V. Garcia-Patos, C. Pedro, R. Curell, and C.A. Sander Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with erythroblastopenia and thymoma: reactivation after topical corticosteroids Dermatology 197 1998 264 267
66. A.P. Truhan, and A.R. Ahmed Corticosteroids: a review with emphasis on complications of prolonged systemic therapy Ann Allergy 62 1989 375 391
67. A. Dooms-Goossens, and M. Morren Results of routine patch testing with corticosteroid series in 2073 patients Contact Dermatitis 26 1992 182 191
68. A.J. Bircher, W. Thurlimann, T. Hunziker, F. Pasche-Koo, N. Hunziker, and D. Perrenoud Contact hypersensitivity to corticosteroids in routine patch test patients. A multi-centre study of the Swiss Contact Dermatitis Research Group Dermatology 191 1995 109 114
69. M.E. Lutz, and R.A. el-Azhary Allergic contact dermatitis due to topical application of corticosteroids: review and clinical implications Mayo Clin Proc 72 1997 1141 1144
70. M. Isaksson, K.E. Andersen, F.M. Brandao, D.P. Bruynzeel, M. Bruze, and J.G. Camarasa Patch testing with corticosteroid mixes in Europe. A multicentre study of the EECDRG Contact Dermatitis 42 2000 27 35
71. L. Butani Corticosteroid-induced hypersensitivity reactions Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 89 2002 439 445
72. K.F. Thomson, S.M. Wilkinson, S. Powell, and M.H. Beck The prevalence of corticosteroid allergy in two U.K. centres: prescribing implications Br J Dermatol 141 1999 863 866
73. S.M. Wilkinson, and M.F. Jones Corticosteroid usage and binding to arginine: determinants of corticosteroid hypersensitivity Br J Dermatol 135 1996 225 230
74. A.I. Lauerma, and S. Reitamo Contact allergy to corticosteroids J Am Acad Dermatol 28 1993 618 622
75. D.C. Seukeran, S.M. Wilkinson, and M.H. Beck Patch testing to detect corticosteroid allergy: is it adequate? Contact Dermatitis 36 1997 127 130
76. H.G. Vogel Influence of age, treatment with corticosteroids and strain rate on mechanical properties of rat skin Biochim Biophys Acta 286 1972 79 83
77. F.M. Wilson Adverse external ocular effects of topical ophthalmic medications Surv Ophthalmol 24 1979 57 88
78. M.A. Koda-Kimble, and L.L. Young Applied therapeutics: The clinical use of drugs 5th ed. 1992 Applied Therapeutics Vancouver [WA]
79. R.K. Aggarwal, T. Potamitis, and N.H.V. Chong Extensive visual loss with topical facial steroids Eye 7 1993 664 666
80. K. Aalto-Korte, and M. Turpeinen Pharmacokinetics of topical hydrocortisone at plasma level after applications once or twice daily in patients with widespread dermatitis Br J Dermatol 133 1995 259 263
81. E.O. Gilbertson, M.C. Spellman, D.J. Piacquadio, and M.I. Mulford Super potent topical corticosteroid use associated with adrenal suppression: clinical considerations J Am Acad Dermatol 38 1998 318 321
82. E.A. Olsen, and R.C. Cornell Topical clobetasol-17-propionate: review of its clinical efficacy and safety J Am Acad Dermatol 15 1986 246 255
83. E.M. Ohman, S. Rogers, F.O. Meenan, and T.J. McKenna Adrenal suppression following low-dose topical clobetasol propionate J R Soc Med 80 1987 422 424 Erratum in: J R Soc Med 1988;81:308
84. J.A. Keipert, and R. Kelly Temporary Cushing's syndrome from percutaneous absorption of betamethasone 17-valerate Med J Aust 1 1971 542 544
85. J.A. Carruthers, P.J. August, and R.C. Staughton Observations on the systemic effect of topical clobetasol propionate (Dermovate) Br Med J 4 1975 203 204
86. A.W. Nathan, and G.L. Rose Fatal iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome Lancet 1 1979 207
87. D.D. Munro The effect of percutaneously absorbed steroids on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function after intensive use in in-patients Br J Dermatol 12 1976 67 76
88. E.C. Gomez, and P. Frost Induction of glycosuria and hyperglycemia by topical corticosteroid therapy Arch Dermatol 112 1976 1559 1562
89. D.B. Robertson, and H.I. Maibach Adverse systemic effects of TCS H.I. Maibach C. Surber TCS 1992 Karger Basel 163 169
90. K.A. Gill, and D.L. Baxter Plasma cortisol suppression by steroid creams Arch Dermatol 89 1964 734 740
91. R.B. Scoggins, and B. Kliman Percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids: systemic effects N Engl J Med 273 1965 831 840
92. V.H. James, D.D. Munro, and M. Feiwel Pituitary-adrenal function after occlusive topical therapy with betamethasone-17-valerate Lancet 2 1967 1059 1061
93. L. Patel, P.E. Clayton, G.M. Addison, D.A. Price, and T.J. David Adrenal function following topical steroid treatment in children with atopic dermatitis Br J Dermatol 132 1995 950 955
94. H.M. Goodyear, K. Spowart, and J.I. Harper 'Wet-wrap' dressings for the treatment of atopic eczema in children Br J Dermatol 125 1991 604
95. J.A. Ellison, L. Patel, D.W. Ray, T.J. David, and P.E. Clayton Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and glucocorticoid sensitivity in atopic dermatitis Pediatrics 105 2000 794 799
96. A. Wolkerstorfer, R.L. Visser, F.B. De Waard van der Spek, P.G. Mulder, and A.P. Oranje Efficacy and safety of wet-wrap dressings in children with severe atopic dermatitis: influence of corticosteroid dilution Br J Dermatol 143 2000 999 1004
97. W.L. Weston, W.M. Sams Jr., H.G. Morris, J.M. Arthur, G.J. Blakeman, and M. Andresen Morning plasma cortisol levels in infants treated with topical fluorinated glucocorticosteroids Pediatrics 65 1980 103 106
98. L. Axelrott Side effects of glucocorticoid therapy R.P. Schleimer H.N. Claman A.L. Oronsky Anti-inflammatory steroid action 1989 Academic Press San Diego 377 408
99. T. Himathongkam, P. Dasanabhairochana, N. Pitchayayothin, and A. Sriphrapradang Florid Cushing's syndrome and hirsutism induced by desoximetasone JAMA 239 1978 430 431
100. J.K. Wise, R. Hendler, and P. Felig Influence of glucocorticoids on glucagon secretion and plasma amino acid concentrations in man J Clin Invest 52 1973 2774 2782
101. G. Weber Hormonal control of gluconeogenesis E.E. Bittar N. Bittar The biological basis of medicine Vol 2 1968 Academic Press London 263 308
102. G. Pagano, P. Cavallo-Perin, M. Cassader, A. Bruno, A. Ozzello, and P. Masciola An in vivo and in vitro study of the mechanism of prednisone-induced insulin resistance in healthy subjects J Clin Invest 72 1983 1814 1820
103. J. Montoliu, A. Botey, A. Trilla, and L. Revert Pseudoprimary aldosteronism from the topical application of 9-alpha-fluorprednisolone to the skin Clin Nephrol 22 1984 262 266
104. R.H. Brodkin, and C.K. Janniger Common clinical concerns in pediatric dermatology Cutis 60 1997 279 280
105. R.H. Brodkin, and C.K. Janniger The artful use of topical steroids Cutis 61 1998 125 126
106. Weaver J. Postmarketing safety review - PID D010141. Drugs: Topical corticosteroids. FDA Web site. July 9, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ ohrms/dockets/ac/03/briefing/3999B1_21_Weaver-Memo%2007-09-01.pdf.
107. R.S. Stern The pattern of topical corticosteroid prescribing in the United States, 1989-1991 J Am Acad Dermatol 35 1996 183 186
108. M.P. Shaffer, S.R. Feldman, and A.B. Fleischer Jr. Use of clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate by family physicians Fam Med 32 2000 561 565
109. A.B. Fleischer Jr., and S.R. Feldman Prescription of high-potency corticosteroid agents and clotrimazole-betamethasone dipropionate by pediatricians Clin Ther 21 1999 1725 1731
110. J.A. Miller, and D.D. Munro TCS: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use Drugs 19 1980 119 134
111. R.M. Fusaro, and D.N. Kingsley Topical glucocorticoids: how they are used and misused Postgrad Med 79 1986 283 291
112. L.C. von den Harst, H. de Jonge, F. Pot, and M.K. Polano Comparison of two application schedules for clobetasol 17 propionate Acta Derm Venereol 62 1982 270 273
113. N. Bodor Design of novel soft corticosteroids Curr Probl Dermatol 21 1993 11 19
114. S. Coopman, H. Degreef, and A. Dooms-Goossens Identification of cross-reaction patterns in allergic contact dermatitis from TCS Br J Dermatol 121 1989 27 34
115. D.S. David, and J.S. Berkowitz Ocular effects of topical and systemic corticosteroids Lancet 2 1969 149 151
116. W.A. Akers Risks of unoccluded topical steroids in clinical trials Arch Dermatol 116 1980 786 788
117. A. Dooms-Goossens, K.E. Andersen, F.M. Brandao, D. Bruynzeel, D. Burrows, and J. Camarasa Corticosteroid contact allergy: an EECDRG multicentre study Contact Dermatitis 35 1996 40 44
118. J.E. Ahlskog, and B.P. O'Neill Pseudotumor cerebri Ann Intern Med 97 1982 249 256
119. G.P. Hosking, and H. Elliston Benign intracranial hypertension in a child with eczema treated with topical steroids Br Med J 1 1978 550
120. S.F. Bodman, and J.J. Condemi Mediastinal widening in iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome Ann Intern Med 67 1967 399 403
121. P. May, E.J. Stein, and R.J. Ryter Cushing syndrome from percutaneous absorption of triamcinolone cream Arch Intern Med 136 1976 612 613
122. H. Schacke, A. Schottelius, W.D. Docke, P. Strehlke, S. Jaroch, and N. Schmees Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 2004 227 232