Effects of dietary supplementation of l-carnitine on the reproductive performance of sows in production stocks

Livestock Science

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 34-42

  Ramanau, A ^a   Kluge, H ^a   Spilke, J ^a   Eder, K ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

l carnitine; Lactation; Pregnancy; Sow

Indexed keywords

EID: 37349101609     PISSN: 18711413     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Barb C.R. The brain-pituitary-adipocyte axis: role of leptin in modulating neuroendocrine function. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (1999) 1249-1257
2. Birkenfeld C., Kluge H., and Eder K. l-carnitine supplementation of sows during pregnancy improves the suckling behaviour of their offspring. Br. J. Nutr. 96 (2006) 334-342
3. Black J.L., Mullan B.P., Lorschy M.L., and Giles L.R. Lactation in the sow during heat stress. Livest. Prod. Sci. 35 (1993) 153-170
4. Craig J.A., Zhu H., Dyce P.W., Wen L., and Li J. Leptin enhances porcine preimplantation embryo development in vitro. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 229 (2005) 141-147
5. Doberenz J., Birkenfeld C., Kluge H., and Eder K. Effects of l-carnitine supplementation in pregnant sows on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors, various hormones and clinical chemical variables and chorion characteristics. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90 (2006) 487-499
6. Eder K., Ramanau A., and Kluge H. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on performance parameters in gilts and sows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 85 (2001) 73-80
7. Kenward M.G., and Roger J.H. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53 (1997) 983-997
8. Kramer C.Y. Extensions of multiple range tests to group means with unequal numbers of replications. Biometrics 12 (1956) 309-310
9. McGarry J.D., and Foster D.W. An improved and simplified radioisotopic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine. J. Lipid Res. 17 (1976) 277-281
10. Musser R.E., Goodband R.D., Tokach M.D., Owen K.Q., Nelssen J.L., Blum S.A., Dritz S.S., and Civis C.A. Effects of l-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (1999) 3289-3295
11. Musser R.E., Dritz S.S., Goodband R.D., Tokach M.D., Davis M.D., Nelssen J.L., Owen K.Q., Hanni S., Bauman J.S., and Heintz M. Added l-carnitine in sow gestation diet improves carcass characteristics of the offspring. J. Anim. Sci. 78 Suppl 2 (2000) 30 (Abstr.)
12. Musser R.E., Goodband R.D., Owen K.Q., Davis M.D., Tokach M.D., Dritz S.S., and Nelssen J.L. Determining the effect of increasing l-carnitine additions on sow performance and muscle fiber development of the offspring. J. Anim. Sci. 79 Suppl 2 (2001) 65 (Abstr.)
13. Ramanau A., Kluge H., Spilke J., and Eder K. Reproductive performance of sows supplemented with dietary l-carnitine over three reproductive cycles. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 56 (2002) 287-296
14. Ramanau A., Kluge H., Spilke J., and Eder K. Supplementation of sows with l-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves growth of the piglets during the suckling period through increased milk production. J. Nutr. 134 (2004) 86-92
15. Ramanau A., Kluge H., and Eder K. Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on milk production, litter gains and back-fat thickness in sows with a low energy and protein intake during lactation. Br. J. Nutr. 93 (2005) 717-721
16. Ramirez J.L., Cox N.M., and Moore A.B. Influence of exogenous insulin before breeding on conception rate and litter size of sows. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (1997) 1893-1898
17. Searle S.R., Casella G., and McCulloch C.E. Variance Components (1992), Wiley, New York
18. Woodworth J.C., Minton J.E., Tokach M.D., Nelssen J.L., Goodband R.D., Dritz S.S., Koo S.I., and Owen K.Q. Dietary l-carnitine increases plasma leptin concentrations of gestating sows fed one meal per day. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 26 (2004) 1-9