L-carnitine supplementation of sows during pregnancy improves the suckling behaviour of their offspring

British Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 96, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 334-342

  Birkenfeld, Carmen ^a   Kluge, Holger ^a   Eder, Klaus ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

L Carnitine; Piglet; Sow; Suckling behaviour

Indexed keywords

CARNITINE;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG MILK LEVEL; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; LACTATION; MATERNAL NUTRITION; MILK PRODUCTION; NONHUMAN; PIGLET; POSTNATAL GROWTH; PREGNANCY; SUCKLING; SWINE; WEIGHT GAIN; ANIMAL; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DIET; DRUG EFFECT; EATING; FETOMATERNAL TRANSFUSION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METHODOLOGY; NEWBORN; PHYSIOLOGY; PRENATAL CARE;

ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; ANIMALS, SUCKLING; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CARNITINE; DIET; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; EATING; FEMALE; LACTATION; MATERNAL-FETAL EXCHANGE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL CARE; SWINE; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 33750108340     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: 14752662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/BJN20061833     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Auklist DE, Carlson D, Morrish L, Wakeford CM & King RH (2000) The influence of suckling interval on milk production of sows. J Anim Sci 78, 2026-2031.
2. Auklist DE, Morrish L, Eason P & King RH (1998) The influence of litter size on milk production of sows. Anim Sci 67, 333-337.
3. Baltzell JK, Bazer FW, Miguel SG & Borum PR (1987) The neonatal piglet as a model for human neonatal carnitine metabolism. J Nutr 117, 754-757.
4. Bassler R & Buchholz H (1993) Methodenbuch Band III. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln, 3. Ergänzungslieferung. Darmstadt: VDLUFA-Verlag.
5. Birkenfeld C, Doberenz J, Kluge H, Eder K (2006) Effect of L-carnitine supplementation of sows on L-carnitine status, body composition and concentrations of lipids in liver and plasma of their piglets at birth and during the suckling period. Anim Feed Sci Technol (Epublication ahead of print version)
6. Borum PR (1981) Possible carnitine requirement of the newborn and the effect of genetic disease on the carnitine requirement. Nutr Rev 39, 385-390.
7. Coffey TM, Shireman RB, Herman DL & Fons EE (1991) Carnitine status and lipid utilization in neonatal piglets fed diets low in carnitine. J Nutr 121, 1047-1053.
8. Eder K, Ramanau A & Kluge H (2001) Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on performance parameters in gilts and sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 85, 73-80.
9. Forsyth IA (1986) Variation among species in the endocrine control of mammary growth and function: The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, and placental lactogen. J Dairy Sci 69, 886-903.
10. Forsyth IA & Wallis M (2002) Growth hormone and prolactin-molecular and functional evolution. J Mamm Gland Biol Neopl 7, 291-312.
11. Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (Ausschuß für Bedarfsnormen) (1987) Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Nr. 4 Schweine, pp. 30-43. Frankfurt/ Main: DLG-Verlag.
12. Grube M, Schwabedissen HM, Draber K, Prager D, Moritz KU, Linnemann K, Fusch C, Jedlitschky G & Kroemer HK (2005) Expression, localization, and function of the carnitine transporter octn2 (slc22a5) in human placenta. Drug Metabol Dispos 33, 31-37.
13. Hahn P (1982) Development of lipid metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2, 91-111.
14. King RH, Mullan BP, Dunshea FR & Dove H (1997) The influence of piglet body weight on milk production of sows. Livest Prod Sci 47, 169-174.
15. Lahjouji K, Elimrani I, Lafond J, Leduc L, Qureshi IA & Mitchell GA (2004) L-carnitine transport in human placental brush-border membranes is mediated by the sodium-dependent organic cation transporter OCTN2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287, C263-C269.
16. McGarry JD & Foster DW (1976) An improved and simplified radioisotopic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine. J Lip Res 17, 277-281.
17. Musser RE, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, Davis MD, Nelssen JL, Owen KQ, Hanni S, Bauman JS & Heintz M (2000) Added L-carnitine in sow gestation diet improves carcass characteristics of the offspring. J Anim Sci 78, Suppl. 2, 30.
18. Musser RE, Goodband RD, Owen KQ, Davis MD, Tokach MD, Dritz SS & Nelssen JL (2001) Determining the effect of increasing L-carnitine additions on sow performance and muscle fiber development of the offspring. J Anim Sci 79, Suppl. 2, 65.
19. Musser RE, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, Owen KQ, Nelssen JL, Blum SA, Campbell RG, Smits R, Dritz SS & Civis CA (1999a) Effects of L-carnitine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance. J Anim Sci 77, 3296-3303.
20. Musser RE, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, Owen KQ, Nelssen JL, Blum SA, Dritz SS & Civis CA (1999b) Effects Of L-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance. J Anim Sci 77, 3289-3295.
21. Novak M, Monkus EF, Chung D & Buch M (1981) Carnitine in the perinatal metabolism of lipids. I. Relationship between maternal and fetal plasma levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines. Pediatrica 67, 95-100.
22. Novak M, Penn-Walker D, Hahn P & Monkus EF (1975a) Effect of carnitine on lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of newborns. Biol Neonate 25, 84-94.
23. Novak M, Penn-Walker D & Monkus EF (1975b) Oxidation of fatty acids by mitochondria obtained from newborn subcutaneous (white) adipose tissue. Biol Neonate 25, 95-107.
24. Pluske JR & Dong GZ (1998) Factors influencing the utilization of colostrums and milk. In The Lactating Sow, pp. 45-70 [MWA Verstegen, PJ Moughan and JW Schrama, editors]. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Pers.
25. Ramanau A, Kluge H & Eder K (2005) Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on milk production, litter gains and backfat thickness in sows with a low energy and protein intake during lactation. Br J Nutr 93, 717-721.
26. Ramanau A, Kluge H, Spilke J & Eder K (2002) Reproductive performance of sows supplemented with dietary L-carnitine over three reproductive cycles. Arch Anim Nutr 56, 287-296.
27. Ramanau A, Kluge H, Spilke J & Eder K (2004) Supplementation of sows with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation improves growth of the piglets during the suckling period through increased milk production. J Nutr 134, 86-92.
28. Spinka M, Illmann G, Algers B & Stetkova Z (1997) The role of nursing frequency in milk production in domestic pigs. J Anim Sci 75, 1223-1228.
29. Warshaw JB & Curry E (1980) Comparison of serum carnitine and ketone body concentrations in breast- and in formula-fed newborn infants. J Pediatr 97, 122-125.