Thyroid cancer incidence among people living in areas contaminated by radiation from the chernobyl accident

Health Physics

Volumn 93, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 502-511

  Ron, Elaine ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Chernobyl; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; Thyroid

Indexed keywords

IODINE;

CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; CHILDHOOD; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; ECOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ETHNIC AND RACIAL GROUPS; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH; HUMAN; IODINE DEFICIENCY; MEDICAL INFORMATION; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; REVIEW; SEX; THYROID CANCER; UNCERTAINTY;

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT; COHORT STUDIES; ECOLOGY; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; IODINE; MALE; NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; THYROID NEOPLASMS;

EID: 37349021717     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.HP.0000279018.93081.29     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Abelin T, Egger M, Ruchti C. Belarus increase was probably caused by Chernobyl. Br Med J 309:1298; 1994.
2. Astakhova LN, Anspaugh LR, Beebe GW, Bouville A, Drozdovitch VV, Garber V, Gavrilin YI, Khrouch VT, Kuvshinnikov AV, Kuzmenkov YN, Minenko VP, Moschik KV, Nalivko AS, Robbins J, Shemiakina EV, Shinkarev S, Tochitskaya SI, Waclawiw MA. Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study. Radiat Res 150:349-356; 1998.
3. Baverstock K, Egloff B, Pinchera A, Ruchti C, Williams D. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 359:21-22; 1992.
4. Beck HL, Bennett BG. Historical overview of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and estimates of fallout in the continental United States. Health Phys 82:591-608; 2002.
5. Bennett B, Repacholi M, Carr Z. Health effects of the Chernobyl accident and special health care programmes. Report of the UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group "Health." Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
6. Bouville A, Likhtarev IA, Kovgan LN, Minenko VF, Shinkarev SM, Drozdovitch VV. Radiation dosimetry for highly contaminated Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian populations, and for less contaminated populations in Europe. Health Phys 93:487-501; 2007.
7. Buglova EE, Kenigsberg JE, Sergeeva NV. Cancer risk estimation in Belarussian children due to thyroid irradiation as a consequence of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Health Phys 71:45-49; 1996.
8. 131I in childhood. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:724-732; 2005.
9. Cardis E, Howe G, Ron E, Bebeshko V, Bogdanova T, Bouville A, Carr Z, Chumak V, Davis S, Demidchik Y, Drozdovitch Y, Gentner N, Gudzenko N, Hatch M, Ivanov V, Jacob P, Kapitonova E, Kenigsberg Y, Kesminiene A, Kopecky KJ, Kryuchkov V, Loos A, Pinchera P, Reiners C, Repacholi M, Shibata Y, Shore RE, Thomas G, Tirmarche M, Yamashita S, Zvonova I. Cancer consequences of the Chernobyl accident: 20 years on. J Radio Prot 26:127-140; 2006.
10. Cherenko SM, Larin OS, Gorobeyko MB, Sichynava RM. Clinical analysis of thyroid cancer in adult patients exposed to ionizing radiation due to the Chernobyl nuclear accident: 5-year comparative investigations based on the results of surgical treatment. World J Surg 28:1071-1074; 2004.
11. Cohen Y, Xing M, Mambo E, Guo Z, Wu G, Trink B, Beller U, Westra WH, Ladenson PW, Sidransky D. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Nat Cancer Inst 95:625-627; 2003.
12. Collins BJ, Schneider AB, Prinz RA, Xu X. Low frequency of BRAF mutations in adult patients with papillary thyroid cancers following childhood radiation exposure. Thyroid 16:61-66; 2006.
13. Davis S, Stepanenko V, Rivkind N, Kopecky KJ, Voilleque P, Shakhtarin V, Parshkov E, Kulikov S, Lushnikov E, Abrosimov A, Troshin V, Romanova G, Doroschenko V, Proshin A, Tsyb A. Risk of thyroid cancer in the Bryansk Oblast of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl Power Station accident. Radiat Res 162:241-248; 2004.
14. Demidchik EP, Drobyshevskaya IM, Cherstvoy LN. Thyroid cancer in children in Belarus. In: Karaoglou A, Desmet G, Kelly GN, Menzel HG, eds. The radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Luxembourg: European Commission; EUR 16544 EN; 1996: 677-682.
15. Detours V, Wattel S, Venet D, Hutsebaut N, Bogdanova T, Tronko MD, Dumont JE, Franc B, Thomas G, Maenhaut C. Absence of a specific radiation signature in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancers. Br J Cancer 92:1545-1552; 2005.
16. Dickman PW, Holm LE, Lundell G, Boice JD Jr, Hall P. Thyroid cancer risk after thyroid examination with I-131: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Int J Cancer 106:580-587; 2003.
17. Farahati J, Demidchik EP, Biko J, Reiners C. Inverse association between age at the time of radiation exposure and extent of disease in cases of radiation-induced childhood thyroid carcinoma in Belarus. Cancer 6:1470-1476; 2000.
18. Gembicki M, Stozharov AN, Arinchin AN, Moschik KV, Petrenko S, Khmara IM, Baverstock KF. Iodine deficiency in Belarusian children as a possible factor stimulating the irradiation of the thyroid gland during the Chernobyl catastrophe. Environ Health Perspect 105:1487-1490; 1997.
19. Gingalewski CA, Newman KD. Seminars: controversies in the management of pediatric thyroid malignancy. J Surg Oncol 94:748-752; 2006.
20. Hatch M, Ron E, Bouville A, Zablotska L, Howe G. The Chernobyl disaster: cancer following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Epidemiol Rev 27:56-66; 2005.
21. Heidenreich WF, Kenigsberg J, Jacob P, Buglova E, Goulko G, Paretzke HG, Demidchik EP, Golovneva A. Time trends of thyroid cancer incidence in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Res 151:617-625; 1999.
22. Heidenreich WF, Bogdanova TI, Jacob P, Biryukov AG, Tronko ND. Age and time patterns in thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accidents in the Ukraine. Radiat Res 154:731-732; 2000.
23. Ivanov VK, Gorsky AI, Tsyb AF, Maksyutov MA, Rastopchin EM. Dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence in Russia following the Chernobyl accident. J Radiol Prot 19:305-318; 1999.
24. Ivanov VK, Gorski AI, Maksioutov MA, Vlasov OK, Godko AM, Tsyb AF, Tirmarche M, Valenty M, Verger P. Thyroid cancer incidence among adolescents and adults in the Bryansk region of Russia following the Chernobyl accident. Health Phys 84:46-60; 2003.
25. Jacob P, Kenigsberg Y, Zvonova I, Goulko G, Buglova E, Heidenreich WF, Golovneva A, Bratilova AA, Drozdovitch V, Kruk J, Pochtennaja GT, Balonov M, Demidchik EP, Paretzke HG. Childhood exposure due to the Chernobyl accident and thyroid cancer risk in contaminated areas of Belarus and Russia. Br J Cancer 80:1461-1469; 1999.
26. Jacob P, Kenigsberg Y, Goulko G, Buglova E, Gering F, Golovneva A, Kruk J, Demidchik EP. Thyroid cancer risk in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident: comparison with external exposures. Radiat Environ Biophys 1:25-31; 2000.
27. Jacob P, Bogdanova TI, Buglova E, Chepurniy M, Demidchik Y, Gavrilin Y, Kenigsberg J, Meckbach R, Schotola C, Shinkarev S, Tronko MD, Ulanovsky A, Vavilov S, Walsh L. Thyroid cancer risk in areas of Ukraine and Belarus affected by the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Res 165:1-8; 2006.
28. Kazakov VS, Demidchik EP, Astakhova LN. Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 359:21-22; 1992.
29. Kenigsberg J, Buglova E. Health consequences. In: Smith J, Beresford N, eds. Chernobyl. Catastrophe and consequences. New York; Springer-Verlag; 2005.
30. Kenigsberg J, Buglova E, Kruk J, Golovneva AL. Thyroid cancer among children and adolescents of Belarus exposed due to the Chernobyl accident: dose and risk assessment. In: Yamashita S, Shibata Y, Hoshi M, Fujimura K, eds. Chernobyl: message for the 21st century. New York: Elsevier Science; 2002: 293-300.
31. Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, Knauf JA, Nikiforov YE, Fagin JA. High prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer: genetic evidence for constitutive activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Res 63:1454-1457; 2003.
32. Klugbauer S, Pfeiffer P, Gassenhuber H, Beimfohr C, Rabes HM. RET rearrangements in radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinomas: high prevalence of topoisomerase I sites at breakpoints and microhomology-mediated end joining in ELE1 and RET chimeric genes. Genomics 73:149-160; 2001.
33. Kofler A. Factors related to latent period. In: Thomas D, Karaoglou A, Williams ED, eds. Radiation and thyroid cancer. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 1999: 123-129.
34. Kumagai A, Namba H, Saenko VA, Ashizawa K, Ohtsuru A, Ito M, Ishikawa N, Sugino K, Ito K, Jeremiah S, Thomas GA, Bogdanova TI, Tronko MD, Nagayasu T, Shibata Y, Yamashita S. Low frequency of BRAFT1796A mutations in childhood thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:4280-4284; 2004.
35. Likhtarev IA, Sobolev BG, Kairo IA, Tronko ND, Bogdanova TI, Oleinic VA, Epshtein EV, Beral V. Thyroid cancer in the Ukraine. Nature 375:365; 1995.
36. Likhtarev IA, Kayro IA, Shpak VM, Tronko ND, Bogdanova TI. Radiation-induced and background thyroid cancer of Ukrainian children (dosimetric approach). Int J Radiat Med 3-4:51-66; 1999.
37. Likhtarov I, Kovgan L, Vavilov S, Chepurny M, Bouville A, Luckyanov N, Jacob P, Voilleque P, Voigt G. Post-Chornobyl thyroid cancers in Ukraine. Report 1: Estimation of thyroid doses. Radiat Res 163:125-136; 2005.
38. Likhtarov I, Kovgan L, Vavilov S, Chepurny M, Ron E, Lubin J, Bouville A, Tronko N, Bogdanova T, Gulak L, Zablotska L, Howe G. Post Chornobyl thyroid cancers in Ukraine - report 2: Risk analysis. Radiat Res 166:375-386; 2006.
39. Lima J, Trovisco V, Soares P, Maximo V, Magalhaes J, Salvatore G, Santoro M, Bogdanova T, Tronko M, Abrosimov A, Jeremiah S, Thomas G, Williams D, Sobrinho-Simoes M. BRAF mutations are not a major event in post-Chernobyl childhood thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:4267-4271; 2004.
40. Mahoney MC, Lawvere S, Falkner KL, Averkin YI, Ostapenko VA, Michalek AM, Moysich KB, McCarthy PL. Thyroid cancer incidence trends in Belarus: examining the impact of Chernobyl. Int J Epidemiol 33:1025-1033; 2004.
41. Moysich K, Menezes R, Michalek A. Chernobyl-related ionising radiation exposure and cancer risk: an epidemiological review. Lancet Oncol 5:269-279; 2002.
42. National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. BEIR VII, phase II. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006.
43. Nikiforov YE, Rowland JM, Bove KE, Monforte-Munoz H, Fagin JA. Distinct pattern of ret oncogene rearrangements in morphological variants of radiation-induced and sporadic thyroid papillary carcinomas in children. Cancer Res 57:1690-1694; 1997.
44. Ohtaki K, Kodama Y, Nakano M, Itoh M, Awa AA, Cologne J, Nakamura N. Human fetuses do not register chromosome damage inflicted by radiation exposure in lymphoid precursor cells except for a small but significant effect at low doses. Radiat Res 161:373-379; 2004.
45. Pacini F, Vorontsova T, Demidchik EP, Molinaro E, Agate L, Romei C, Shavrova E, Cherstvoy ED, Ivashkevitch Y, Kuchinskaya E, Schlumberger M, Ronga G, Filesi M, Pinchera A. Post Chernobyl thyroid carcinoma in Belarus children and adolescents: comparison with naturally occurring thyroid carcinoma in Italy and France. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:3563-3569; 1997.
46. Parshkov EM. Pathogenesis of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in children affected as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Int J Radiat Med 3-4:67-75; 1999.
47. Powell HG, Jeremiah J, Morishita M, Bethel J, Bogdanova T, Tronko M, Thomas GA. Frequency of BRAF T1794A mutation in thyroid papillary carcinoma relates to age to patient at diagnosis and not to radiation exposure. J Pathol 205:558-564; 2005.
48. Prisyazhiuk A, Pjatak OA, Buzanov VA, Reeves GK, Beral V. Cancer in the Ukraine, post-Chernobyl. Lancet 338:1334-1335; 1991.
49. Reiners C, Biko J, Demidchik EP, Demidchik YuE, Drozd VM. Results of radioactive iodine treatment in children from Belarus with advanced stages of thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accident. In: Yamashita S, Shibata Y, Hoshi M, Fujimara K, eds. Chernobyl: Message for the 21st century. New York: Elsevier Science; 2002: 205-214.
50. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, Clegg L, Eisner MP, Horner MJ, Howlader N, Hayat M, Hankey BF, Edwards BK. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2003. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2006. Available at http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_ 2003/, based on November 2005 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER Web site. Accessed December 2006.
51. Ron E, Modan B, Preston D, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid neoplasia following low-dose radiation in childhood. Radiat Res 120:516-531; 1989.
52. Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, Mabuchi K, Modan B, Pottern LM, Schneider AB, Tucker MA, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 141:259-277; 1995.
53. Saad AG, Kumar S, Ron E, Lubin JH, Stanek J, Bove KE, Nikiforov YE. Proliferative activity of human thyroid cells in various age groups and its correlation with the risk of thyroid cancer after radiation exposure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2672-2677; 2006.
54. Schneider AB, Ron E, Lubin J, Stovall M, Gierlowski T. Dose-response relationships for radiation-induced thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules: evidence for the prolonged effects of radiation on the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:362-369; 1993.
55. Shakhtarin VV, Tsyb AF, Stepanenko VF, Orlov MY, Kopecky KJ, Davis S. Iodine deficiency, radiation dose, and the risk of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in the Bryansk region of Russia following the Chernobyl power station accident. Int J Epidemiol 32:584-591; 2003.
56. Shibata Y, Yamashita S, Masyakin VB, Panasyuk GD, Nagataki S. 15 years after Chernobyl: new evidence of thyroid cancer. Lancet 358:1965-1966; 2001.
57. Shore RE, Xue X-N. Comparative thyroid cancer risk of childhood and adult radiation exposure and estimation of lifetime risk. In: Thomas D, Karaoglou A, Williams ED, eds. Radiation and thyroid cancer. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 1999: 491-498.
58. Smida J, Salassidis K, Hieber L, Zitzelsberger H, Kellerer AM, Demidchik EP, Negele T, Spelsberg F, Lengfelder E, Werner M, Bauchinger M. Distinct frequency of ret rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas of children and adults from Belarus. Int J Cancer 80:32-38; 1999.
59. Sobolev B, Heidenreich WF, Kairo I, Jacob P, Goulko G, Likhtarev I. Thyroid cancer incidence in the Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident: comparison with spontaneous incidence. Radiat Environ Biophys 36:195-199; 1997.
60. Stezhko VA, Buglova EE, Danilova LI, Drozd VM, Krysenko NA, Lesnikova NR, Minenko VF, Ostapenko VA, Petrenko SV, Polyanskaya ON, Rzheutski VA, Tronko MD, Bobylyova OO, Bogdanova TI, Ephstein OV, Kairo IA, Kostin OV, Likhtarev IA, Markov VV, Oliynik VA, Shpak VM, Tereshchenko VP, Zamotayeva GA, Beebe GW, Bouville AC, Brill AB, Burch JD, Fink DJ, Greenebaum E, Howe GR, Luckyanov NK, Masnyk IJ, McConnell RJ, Robbins J, Thomas TL, Voilleque PG, Zablotska LB, Chornobyl Thyroid Diseases Study Group of Belarus, Chornobyl Thyroid Diseases Study Group of Ukraine, Chornobyl Thyroid Diseases Study Group of the USA. A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the Chornobyl accident: objectives, design and methods. Radiat Res 161:481-492; 2004.
61. Stsjazhko VA, Tsyb AF, Tronko ND, Souchkevitch G, Baverstock KF. Childhood thyroid cancer since accident at Chernobyl [letter]. Brit Med J 310:801; 1995.
62. Thomas GA, Bunnell H, Cook HA, Williams ED, Nerovnya A, Cherstvoy ED, Tronko ND, Bogdanova TI, Chiappetta G, Viglietto G, Pentimalli F, Salvatore G, Fusco A, Santoro M, Vecchio G. High prevalence of RET/PTC rearrangements in Ukrainian and Belarussian post-Chernobyl thyroid papillary carcinomas: a strong correlation between RET/PTC3 and the solid-follicular variant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:4232-4238; 1999.
63. Thompson D, Mabuchi K, Ron E, Soda M, Tokunaga M, Ochikubo S, Sugimoto S, Ikeda T, Terasaki M, Izumi S, Preston D. Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-1987. Radiat Res 137:S17-S67; 1994.
64. Tronko MD, Bogdanova TI, Komissarenko IV, Epstein OV, Oliynyk V, Kovalenko A, Likhtarev IA, Kairo I, Peters SB, LiVolsi VA. Thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents in Ukraine after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Cancer 86:149-156; 1999.
65. Tronko ND, Kravchenko V, Fink D, Hatch M, Turchin V, McConnell R, Shpak V, Brenner A, Robbins J, Lusanchuk I, Howe G. Iodine excretion in regions of Ukraine affected by the Chornobyl accident: experience of the Ukranian-American cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases. Thyroid 15:1291-1297; 2005.
66. Tronko MD, Howe GR, Bogdanova TI, Bouville AC, Epstein OV, Brill AB, Likhtarev IA, Fink DJ, Markov VV, Greenebaum E, Olijnyk VA, Masnyk IJ, Shpak VM, McConnell RJ, Tereshchenko VP, Robbins J, Zvinchuk OV, Zablotska LB, Hatch M, Luckyanov NK, Ron E, Thomas TL, Voilleque PG, Beebe GW. A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases after the Chernobyl accident: thyroid cancer in Ukraine detected during first screening. JNCI 98:897-903; 2006.
67. Tsyb AF, Parshkov EM, Ivanov VK, Stepanenko VF, Matveenko EG, Skoropad YD. Disease indices of thyroid and the dose dependence in children and adolescents affected as a result of the Chernobyl accident. In: Nagataki S, ed. Nagasaki symposium on Chernobyl: update and future. New York: Elsevier Science; 1994: 31-46.
68. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation - Volume II: effects. New York: United Nations; 2000.
69. VanMiddlesworth L. Iodine nutrition in the Chernobyl area before and after the nuclear accident. In: Yamashita S, Shibata Y, Hoshi M, Fujimara K, eds. Chernobyl: message for the 21st century. New York: Elsevier Science; 2002: 163-168.
70. Wiersinga WM, Braverman LE. Iodine-induced thyroid disease. In: Braverman LE, ed. Diseases of the thyroid. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003: 347-362.
71. Williams D. Cancer after nuclear fallout: lessons from the Chernobyl accident. Nat Rev Cancer 2:543-549; 2002.
72. Williams ED, Abrosimov A, Bogdanova T, Demidchik EP, Ito M, LiVolsi V, Lushnikov E, Rosai J, Sidorov Y, Tronko MD, Tsyb AF, Vowler SL, Thomas GA. Thyroid carcinoma after Chernobyl latent period, morphology and aggressiveness. Br J Cancer 90:2219-2224; 2004.