The intraductal approach to the breast: Raison d'être

Breast Cancer Research

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2006, Pages

  King, Bonnie L ^a   Love, Susan M ^b  

^a QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Dr Susan Love Breast Cancer Research Foundation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, INTRADUCTAL, NONINFILTRATING; FEMALE; HUMAN; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CARCINOMA, INTRADUCTAL, NONINFILTRATING; FEMALE; HUMANS;

EID: 37249039273     PISSN: 14655411     EISSN: 1465542X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/bcr1410     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Jensen HM, Rice JR, Wellings SR: Preneoplastic lesions in the human breast. Science 1976, 191:295-297.
2. Ohtake T, Kimijima I, Fukushima T, Yasuda M, Sekikawa K, Takenoshita S, Abe R: Computer-assisted complete threedimensional reconstruction of the mammary ductal/lobular systems: Implications of ductal anastomoses for breast-conserving surgery. Cancer 2001, 91:2263-2272.
3. Johnson-Maddux A, Ashfaq R, Cler L, Naftalis E, Leitch AM, Hoover S, Euhus DM: Reproducibility of cytologic atypia in repeat nipple duct lavage. Cancer 2005, 103:1129-1136.
4. Tot T: DCIS, cytokeratins, and the theory of the sick lobe. Virchows Arch 2005, 447:1-8.
5. Mai KT, Yazdi HM, Burns BF, Perkins DG: Pattern of distribution of intraductal and infiltrating ductal carcinoma: A three-dimensional study using serial coronal giant sections of the breast. Hum Pathol 2000, 31:464-474.
6. Holland R, Veling SH, Mravunac M, Hendriks JH: Histologic multifocality of Tis, T1-2 breast carcinomas. Implications for clinical trials of breast-conserving surgery. Canceri 1985, 56: 979-990.
7. King BL, Love SM, Rochman S, Kim JA: The Fourth International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer, Santa Barbara, California, 10-13 March 2005. Breast Cancer Res 2005, 7 198-204.
8. Cooper A: The Anatomy and Diseases of the Breast. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard; 1845.
9. Love SM, Barsky SH: Anatomy of the nipple and breast ducts revisited Cancer 2004, 101:1947-1957.
10. Teboul M, Halliwell M: Atlas of Ultrasound and Ductal Echography of the Breast: The Introduction of Anatomic Intelligence into Breast Imaging. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science; 1995.
11. Ramsay DT, Kent JC, Hartmann RA, Hartmann PE: Anatomy of the lactating human breast redefined with ultrasound imaging. J Anat 2005, 206:525-534.
12. Sartorius OW, Smith HS, Morris P, Benedict D, Friesen L: Cytologic evaluation of breast fluid in the detection of breast disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977, 59:1073-1080.
13. Dietz JR, Crowe JP, Grundfest S, Arrigain S, Kim JA: Directed duct excision by using mammary ductoscopy in patients with pathologic nipple discharge. Surgery 2002, 132:582-587; discussion 587-588.
14. Going JJ, Moffat DF: Escaping from Flatland: clinical and biological aspects of human mammary duct anatomy in three dimensions. J Pathol 2004, 203:538-544.
15. Papanicolaou GN, Bader GM, Holmquist DG, Falk EA: Cytologic evaluation of breast secretions. Ann NY Acad Sci 1956, 63 1409-1421.
16. Petrakis NL: Physiologic, biochemical, and cytologic aspects of nipple aspirate fluid. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1986, 8 7-19.
17. Wynder EL, Lahti H, Laakso K, Cheng SL, DeBevoise S, Rose DP: Nipple aspirates of breast fluid and the epidemiology of breast disease. Cancer 1985, 56:1473-1478.
18. Petrakis NL: Nipple aspirate fluid in epidemiologic studies of breast disease. Epidemiol Rev 1993, 15:188-195.
19. Chatterton RT Jr, Geiger AS, Mateo ET, Helenowski IB, Gann PH: Comparison of hormone levels in nipple aspirate fluid of preand postmenopausal women: Effect of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90: 1686-1691.
20. Chatterton RT Jr, Geiger AS, Gann PH, Khan SA: Formation of estrone and estradiol from estrone sulfate by normal breast parenchymal tissue J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003, 86:159- 166.
21. Chatterton RT Jr, Geiger AS, Khan SA, Helenowski IB, Jovanovic BD, Gann PH: Variation in estradiol, estradiol precursors, and estrogen-related products in nipple aspirate fluid from normal premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004, 13:928-935.
22. Petrakis NL, Wrensch MR, Ernster VL, Miike R, Murai J, Simberg N, Siiteri PK: Influence of pregnancy and lactation on serum and breast fluid estrogen levels: Implications for breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 1987, 40:587-591.
23. Leborgne RA: The Breast in Roentgen Diagnosis. Montevideo, Uruguay: Impresora Uruguaya SA - Juncal 1511; 1953.
24. Brogi E, Robson M, Panageas KS, Casadio C, Ljung BM, Montgomery L: Ductal lavage in patients undergoing mastectomy for mammary carcinoma: A correlative study. Cancer 2003, 98: 2170-2176.
25. Khan SA, Wiley EL, Rodriguez N, Baird C, Ramakrishnan R, Nayar R, Bryk M, Bethke KB, Staradub VL, Wolfman J, et al.: Ductal lavage findings in women with known breast cancer undergoing mastectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004, 96:1510-1517.
26. Love SM, Barsky SH: Breast-duct endoscopy to study stages of cancerous breast disease. Lancet 1996, 348:997-999.
27. Sauter ER, Ehya H, Schlatter L, MacGibbon B: Ductoscopic cytology to detect breast cancer. Cancer J 2004, 10:33-41; discussion 15-36.
28. Dooley WC, Spiegel A, Cox C, Henderson R, Richardson L, Zabora J: Ductoscopy: Defining its role in the management of breast cancer. Breast J 2004, 10:271-272.
29. Phillips HA, Howard GC, Miller WR: Nipple aspirate fluid in relation to breast cancer. Breast 1999, 8:169-174.
30. Higgins S, Matloff E, Rimm D, Dziura J, Haffty B, King B: Patterns of reduced nipple aspirate fluid production and ductal lavage cellularity in women at high risk for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research 2005, 7:R1017-R1022.
31. Mitchell G, Antill Y, Murray W, Kirk J, Salisbury E, Lindeman G, Di Iulio J, Milner A, Devereaux L, Phillips K-A: Nipple aspiration and ductal lavage in women with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Breast Cancer Research 2005, 7:R1122-R1131.
32. Sanchez LM, Vizoso F, Diez-Itza I, Lopez-Otin C: Identification of the major protein components in breast secretions from women with benign and malignant breast diseases. Cancer Res 1992, 52:95-100.
33. Dooley WC, Ljung BM, Veronesi U, Cazzaniga M, Elledge RM, O'Shaughnessy JA, Kuerer HM, Hung DT, Khan SA, Phillips RF, et al.: Ductal lavage for detection of cellular atypia in women at high risk for breast cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 2001, 93:1624- 1632.
34. Kurian AW, Mills MA, Jaffee M, Sigal BM, Chun NM, Kingham KE, Collins LC, Nowels KW, Plevritis SK, Garber JE, et al.: Ductal lavage of fluid-yielding and non-fluid-yielding ducts in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and other women at high inherited breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005, 14:1082-1089.
35. Bhandare D, Nayar R, Bryk M, Hou N, Cohn R, Golewale N, Parker NP, Chatterton RT, Rademaker A, Khan SA: Endocrine biomarkers in ductal lavage samples from women at high risk for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005, 14: 2620-2627.
36. Maddux AJ, Ashfaq R, Naftalis E, Leitch AM, Hoover S, Euhus D: Patient and duct selection for nipple duct lavage. Am J Surg 2004, 188:390-394.
37. Khan SA, Wolfman JA, Segal L, Benjamin S, Nayar R, Wiley EL, Bryk M, Morrow M: Ductal lavage findings in women with mammographic microcalcifications undergoing biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2005, 12:689-696.
38. King EB, Chew KL, Petrakis NL, Ernster VL: Nipple aspirate cytology for the study of breast cancer precursors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983, 71:1115-1121.
39. King BL, Tsai SC, Gryga ME, D'Aquila TG, Seelig SA, Morrison LE, Jacobson KK, Legator MS, Ward DC, Rimm DL, et al.: Detection of chromosomal instability in paired breast surgery and ductal lavage specimens by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9:1509-1516.
40. Krishnamurthy S, Sneige N, Thompson PA, Marcy SM, Singletary SE, Cristofanilli M, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM: Nipple aspirate fluid cytology in breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003, 99:97-104.
41. Mendrinos S, Nolen JD, Styblo T, Carlson G, Pohl J, Lewis M, Ritchie J: Cytologic findings and protein expression profiles associated with ductal carcinoma of the breast in ductal lavage specimens using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Cancer 2005, 105:178-183.
42. Inaji H, Yayoi E, Maeura Y, Matsuura N, Tominaga S, Koyama H, Takatsuka Y, Mori T: Carcinoembryonic antigen estimation in nipple discharge as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Cancer 1987, 60:3008-3013.
43. Krassenstein R, Sauter E, Dulaimi E, Battagli C, Ehya H, Klein- Szanto A, Cairns P: Detection of breast cancer in nipple aspirate fluid by CpG island hypermethylation. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10 28-32.
44. Dupont WD, Page DL: Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease. N Engl J Med 1985, 312:146- 151.
45. Dupont WD, Parl FF, Hartmann WH, Brinton LA, Winfield AC, Worrell JA, Schuyler PA, Plummer WD: Breast cancer risk associated with proliferative breast disease and atypical hyperplasia. Cancer 1993, 71:1258-1265.
46. Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, King EB, Miike R, Mason L, Chew KL, Lee MM, Ernster VL, Hilton JF, Schweitzer R, et al.: Breast cancer incidence in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. Am J Epidemiol 1992, 135:130-141.
47. Wrensch MR, Petrakis NL, Miike R, King EB, Chew K, Neuhaus J, Lee MM, Rhys M: Breast cancer risk in women with abnormal cytology in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001, 93 1791-1798.
48. Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Zalles CM, Klemp JR, Kamel S, Zeiger S, Mayo MS: Short-term breast cancer prediction by random periareolar fine-needle aspiration cytology and the Gail risk model. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000, 92:1217-1227.
49. Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW, Rados MS: Atypical hyperplastic lesions of the female breast. A long-term follow-up study. Cancer 1985, 55:2698-2708.
50. Fackler MJ, McVeigh M, Mehrotra J, Blum MA, Lange J, Lapides A, Garrett E, Argani P, Sukumar S: Quantitative multiplex methylation- specific PCR assay for the detection of promoter hypermethylation in multiple genes in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2004, 64:4442-4452.
51. Evron E, Dooley WC, Umbricht CB, Rosenthal D, Sacchi N, Gabrielson E, Soito AB, Hung DT, Ljung B, Davidson NE, et al.: Detection of breast cancer cells in ductal lavage fluid by methylation-specific PCR. Lancet 2001, 357:1335-1336.
52. Isaacs C, Cavalli LR, Cohen Y, Pennanen M, Shankar LK, Freedman M, Singh B, Liu M, Gallagher A, Rone JD, et al.: Detection of LOH and mitochondrial DNA alterations in ductal lavage and nipple aspirate fluids from hngh-risk patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004, 84:99-105.
53. Krishnamurthy S, Zhao L, Hayes K, Glassman AB, Cristofanilli M, Singletary SE, Hunt KK, Kuerer HM, Sneige N: Feasibility and utility of using chromosomal aneusomy to further define the cytologic categories in nipple aspirate fluid specimens: A preliminary study. Cancer 2004, 102:322-327.
54. Alexander H, Stegner AL, Wagner-Mann C, Du Bois GC, Alexander S, Sauter ER: Proteomic analysis to identify breast cancer biomarkers in nipple aspirate fluid. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10: 7500-7510.
55. Kuerer HM, Goldknopf IL, Fritsche H, Krishnamurthy S, Sheta EA, Hunt KK: Identification of distinct protein expression patterns in bilateral matched pair breast ductal fluid specimens from women with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma. Highthroughput biomarker discovery. Cancer 2002, 95:2276-2282.
56. Varnum SM, Covington CC, Woodbury RL, Petritis K, Kangas LJ, Abdullah MS, Pounds JG, Smith RD, Zangar RC: Proteomic characterization of nipple aspirate fluid: Identification of potential biomarkers of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003, 80:87-97.
57. Foretova L, Garber JE, Sadowsky NL, Verselis SJ, Joseph DM, Andrade AF, Gudrais PG, Fairclough D, Li FP: Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast nipple aspirate fluid. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998, 7:195-198.
58. Kuerer HM, Thompson PA, Krishnamurthy S, Fritsche HA, Marcy SM, Babiera GV, Singletary SE, Cristofanilli M, Sneige N, Hunt KK: High and differential expression of HER-2/neu extracellular domain in bilateral ductal fluids from women with unilateral invasive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9:601-605.
59. Liu Y, Wang JL, Chang H, Barsky SH, Nguyen M: Breast-cancer diagnosis with nipple fluid bFGF. Lancet 2000, 356:567.
60. Qin W, Zhu W, Wagner-Mann C, Folk W, Sauter ER: Association of uPA, PAT-1, and uPAR in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) with breast cancer. Cancer J 2003, 9:293-301.
61. Sauter ER, Daly M, Linahan K, Ehya H, Engstrom PF, Bonney G, Ross EA, Yu H, Diamandis E: Prostate-specific antigen levels in nipple aspirate fluid correlate with breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996, 5:967-970.
62. Zhao Y, Verselis SJ, Klar N, Sadowsky NL, Kaelin CM, Smith B, Foretova L, Li FP: Nipple fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate-specific antigen in cancer-bearing and tumor-free breasts. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:1462-1467.
63. Kuerer HM, Coombes KR, Chen JN, Xiao L, Clarke C, Fritsche H, Krishnamurthy S, Marcy S, Hung MC, Hunt KK: Association between ductal fluid proteomic expression profiles and the presence of lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer. Surgery 2004, 136:1061-1069.
64. Li J, Zhao J, Yu X, Lange J, Kuerer H, Krishnamurthy S, Schilling E, Khan SA, Sukumar S, Chan DW: Identification of biomarkers for breast cancer in nipple aspiration and ductal lavage fluid. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:8312-8320.
65. Paweletz CP, Trock B, Pennanen M, Tsangaris T, Magnant C, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF: Proteomic profiles of nipple aspirate fluids obtained by SELDI-TOF: Potential for new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Disease Markers 2001, 17:301-307.
66. Pawlik TM, Fritsche H, Coombes KR, Xiao L, Krishnamurthy S, Hunt KK, Pusztai L, Chen JN, Clarke CH, Arun B, et al.: Significant differences in nipple aspirate fluid protein expression between healthy women and those with breast cancer demonstrated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005, 89:149-157.
67. Petricoin EE, Paweletz CP, Liotta LA: Clinical applications of proteomics: Proteomic pattern diagnostics. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2002, 7:433-440.
68. Sauter ER, Shan S, Hewett JE, Speckman P, Du Bois GC: Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid using SELDI-TOF-MS. Int J Cancer 2005, 114:791-796.
69. Sauter ER, Zhu W, Fan XJ, Wassell RP, Chervoneva I, Du Bois GC: Proteomic analysis of nipple aspirate fluid to detect biologic markers of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002, 86:1440- 1443.
70. Yamamoto D, Senzaki H, Nakagawa H, Okugawa H, Gondo H, Tanaka K: Detection of chromosomal aneusomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization for patients with nipple discharge. Cancer 2003, 97 690-694.
71. Linder JD Editorial: ductal lavage of the breast. Diagn Cytopathol 2004, 30:140-142.
72. Hollingsworth AB, Nall S, Dill D: The evolution of breast cancer risk assessment. J Okla State Med Assoc 2002, 95:639-644.
73. Miyazaki M, Tamaki Y, Sakita I, Fujiwara Y, Kadota M, Masuda N, Ooka M, Ohnishi T, Ohue M, Sekimoto M, et al.: Detection of microsatellite alterations in nipple discharge accompanied by breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000, 60:35-41.