메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 37-52

Outer- and middle-ear contributions to presbycusis in the Brown Norway rat

Author keywords

Aging; Auditory brainstem response; Conductive loss; Hearing; Laser interferometry; Tympanic membrane; Umbo velocity

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CANAL; BROWN NORWAY RAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARDRUM; EVOKED BRAIN STEM AUDITORY RESPONSE; EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL; GROUPS BY AGE; HEARING LOSS; MALE; MIDDLE EAR; NONHUMAN; PERCEPTION DEAFNESS; PRESBYACUSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

EID: 37249033599     PISSN: 14203030     EISSN: 14219700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000107551     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0016583459 scopus 로고
    • Otoadmittance: Normative values, procedural variables and reliability
    • Beattie R, Leam D: Otoadmittance: normative values, procedural variables and reliability. J Am Audiol Soc 1975;1:21-27.
    • (1975) J Am Audiol Soc , vol.1 , pp. 21-27
    • Beattie, R.1    Leam, D.2
  • 2
    • 33750371789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The middle ear mucosa
    • Jahn AF, Santos-Sacchi J eds, ed 2. San Diego, Singular
    • Bernstein JM: The middle ear mucosa;in Jahn AF, Santos-Sacchi J (eds): Physiology of the Ear, ed 2. San Diego, Singular, 2001, pp 45-57.
    • (2001) Physiology of the Ear , pp. 45-57
    • Bernstein, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 0035207406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of age-related changes in the human basilar membrane
    • Bhatt KA, Liberman MC, Nadol JB Jr: Morphometric analysis of age-related changes in the human basilar membrane. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110:1147-1153.
    • (2001) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.110 , pp. 1147-1153
    • Bhatt, K.A.1    Liberman, M.C.2    Nadol Jr, J.B.3
  • 4
    • 0031765599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of healed tympanic membrane perforations on umbo velocity in the rat
    • Bigelow DC, Kay D, Saunders JC: Effect of healed tympanic membrane perforations on umbo velocity in the rat. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998;107:928-934.
    • (1998) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.107 , pp. 928-934
    • Bigelow, D.C.1    Kay, D.2    Saunders, J.C.3
  • 5
    • 0030046408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tympanic membrane perforation size on umbo velocity in the rat
    • Bigelow DC, Swanson PB, Saunders JC: The effect of tympanic membrane perforation size on umbo velocity in the rat. Laryngoscope 1996;106:71-76.
    • (1996) Laryngoscope , vol.106 , pp. 71-76
    • Bigelow, D.C.1    Swanson, P.B.2    Saunders, J.C.3
  • 6
    • 0017565923 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic admittance of the ear in the geriatric person
    • Blood I, Greenberg HJ: Acoustic admittance of the ear in the geriatric person. Am J Audiol 1977;2:185-187.
    • (1977) Am J Audiol , vol.2 , pp. 185-187
    • Blood, I.1    Greenberg, H.J.2
  • 7
    • 0000918698 scopus 로고
    • Cellular pattern and nerve supply of the human organ of Corti
    • Bredberg G: Cellular pattern and nerve supply of the human organ of Corti. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1968;236:22-126.
    • (1968) Acta Otolaryngol Suppl , vol.236 , pp. 22-126
    • Bredberg, G.1
  • 10
    • 0018150377 scopus 로고
    • The terminal zone of the external auditory meatus in a variety of mammals
    • Di Maio FHP, Tonndorf J: The terminal zone of the external auditory meatus in a variety of mammals. Arch Otolaryngol 1978;104:570-573.
    • (1978) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.104 , pp. 570-573
    • Di Maio, F.H.P.1    Tonndorf, J.2
  • 11
    • 0030218110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional changes in the aging mouse middle ear
    • Doan DE, Erulkar JS, Saunders JC: Functional changes in the aging mouse middle ear. Hear Res 1996a;97:174-177.
    • (1996) Hear Res , vol.97 , pp. 174-177
    • Doan, D.E.1    Erulkar, J.S.2    Saunders, J.C.3
  • 12
    • 0029867512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle-ear development VII: Umbo velocity in the neonatal rat
    • Doan DE, Igic P, Saunders JC: Middle-ear development VII: umbo velocity in the neonatal rat. J Acoust Soc Am 1996b;99:1566-1572.
    • (1996) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.99 , pp. 1566-1572
    • Doan, D.E.1    Igic, P.2    Saunders, J.C.3
  • 14
    • 0015950883 scopus 로고
    • Senile changes in the middle ear joints
    • Etholm B, Belal A: Senile changes in the middle ear joints. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1974;83:49-54.
    • (1974) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol , vol.83 , pp. 49-54
    • Etholm, B.1    Belal, A.2
  • 15
    • 11144268084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age effects in the human middle ear: Wideband acoustical measures
    • Feeney MP, Sanford CA: Age effects in the human middle ear: wideband acoustical measures. J Acoust Soc Am 2004;116:3546-3558.
    • (2004) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.116 , pp. 3546-3558
    • Feeney, M.P.1    Sanford, C.A.2
  • 16
    • 0015417373 scopus 로고
    • The aging skull: Comparative roentgen study, 25 to 34 year interval
    • Finby N, Kraft E: The aging skull: comparative roentgen study, 25 to 34 year interval. Clin Radiol 1972;23:410-414.
    • (1972) Clin Radiol , vol.23 , pp. 410-414
    • Finby, N.1    Kraft, E.2
  • 17
    • 0018163371 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear
    • Fleischer G: Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 1978;55:1-70.
    • (1978) Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol , vol.55 , pp. 1-70
    • Fleischer, G.1
  • 18
    • 0034099291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of the middle ear system: Age-related changes in viscoelastic properties
    • Gaihede M, Koefoed-Nielson B: Mechanics of the middle ear system: age-related changes in viscoelastic properties. Audiol Neurootol 2000;5:53-58.
    • (2000) Audiol Neurootol , vol.5 , pp. 53-58
    • Gaihede, M.1    Koefoed-Nielson, B.2
  • 20
    • 0030338180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related decreases in endocochlear potential are associated with vascular abnormalities in the stria vascularis
    • Gratton MA, Schmiedt RA, Schulte BA: Age-related decreases in endocochlear potential are associated with vascular abnormalities in the stria vascularis. Hear Res 1996;102:181-190.
    • (1996) Hear Res , vol.102 , pp. 181-190
    • Gratton, M.A.1    Schmiedt, R.A.2    Schulte, B.A.3
  • 21
    • 0028888419 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in microvasculature associated with atrophy of the stria vascularis in quiet-aged gerbils
    • Gratton MA, Schulte BA: Alterations in microvasculature associated with atrophy of the stria vascularis in quiet-aged gerbils. Hear Res 1995;82:44-52.
    • (1995) Hear Res , vol.82 , pp. 44-52
    • Gratton, M.A.1    Schulte, B.A.2
  • 23
    • 0014090339 scopus 로고
    • Middle-ear characteristics of anesthetized cats
    • Guinan JJ, Peake WT: Middle-ear characteristics of anesthetized cats. J Acoust Soc Am 1967;41:1237-1261.
    • (1967) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.41 , pp. 1237-1261
    • Guinan, J.J.1    Peake, W.T.2
  • 25
    • 0015179127 scopus 로고
    • The role of vasoconstriction in noise-induced hearing loss
    • Hawkins JE: The role of vasoconstriction in noise-induced hearing loss. Ann Otol 1971;80:903-913.
    • (1971) Ann Otol , vol.80 , pp. 903-913
    • Hawkins, J.E.1
  • 26
    • 0002372936 scopus 로고
    • Aging and audition
    • Willott JF ed, Springfield, Thomas
    • Henry KR: Aging and audition;in Willott JF (ed): The Auditory Psychobiology of the Mouse. Springfield, Thomas, 1983, pp 470-494.
    • (1983) The Auditory Psychobiology of the Mouse , pp. 470-494
    • Henry, K.R.1
  • 27
    • 0034941877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiral ligament pathology: A major aspect of age-related cochlear degeneration in C57BL/6 mice
    • Hequembourg S, Liberman MC: Spiral ligament pathology: a major aspect of age-related cochlear degeneration in C57BL/6 mice. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2001;2:118-129.
    • (2001) J Assoc Res Otolaryngol , vol.2 , pp. 118-129
    • Hequembourg, S.1    Liberman, M.C.2
  • 28
    • 0023780710 scopus 로고
    • Changes with age in the morphology of the cochlear nerve in rats: Light microscopy
    • Hoeffding V, Feldman ML: Changes with age in the morphology of the cochlear nerve in rats: light microscopy. J Comp Neurol 1988;267:537-546.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.267 , pp. 537-546
    • Hoeffding, V.1    Feldman, M.L.2
  • 29
    • 0030056918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging effects in multifrequency tympanometry
    • Holte L: Aging effects in multifrequency tympanometry. Ear Hear 1996;17:12-18.
    • (1996) Ear Hear , vol.17 , pp. 12-18
    • Holte, L.1
  • 30
    • 0015892919 scopus 로고
    • Age factor and the pattern of change in craniofacial structures
    • Israel H: Age factor and the pattern of change in craniofacial structures. Am J Phys Anthropol 1973;39:111-128.
    • (1973) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.39 , pp. 111-128
    • Israel, H.1
  • 31
    • 0017686745 scopus 로고
    • The dichotomous pattern of craniofacial expansion during aging
    • Israel H: The dichotomous pattern of craniofacial expansion during aging. Am J Phys Anthropol 1977;47:47-51.
    • (1977) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.47 , pp. 47-51
    • Israel, H.1
  • 32
    • 0018572733 scopus 로고
    • Spiral ganglion cell counts in an age-graded series of rat cochleas
    • Keithley EM, Feldman ML: Spiral ganglion cell counts in an age-graded series of rat cochleas. J Comp Neurol 1979;188:429-442.
    • (1979) J Comp Neurol , vol.188 , pp. 429-442
    • Keithley, E.M.1    Feldman, M.L.2
  • 33
    • 0020416610 scopus 로고
    • Hair cell counts in an age-graded series of rat cochleas
    • Keithley EM, Feldman ML: Hair cell counts in an age-graded series of rat cochleas. Hear Res 1982;8:249-262.
    • (1982) Hear Res , vol.8 , pp. 249-262
    • Keithley, E.M.1    Feldman, M.L.2
  • 34
    • 0026561643 scopus 로고
    • Cochlear degeneration in aged rats of four strains
    • Keithley EM, Ryan AF, Feldman ML: Cochlear degeneration in aged rats of four strains. Hear Res 1992;59:171-178.
    • (1992) Hear Res , vol.59 , pp. 171-178
    • Keithley, E.M.1    Ryan, A.F.2    Feldman, M.L.3
  • 36
    • 0021482452 scopus 로고
    • Radiologic changes of the aging brain and skull
    • LeMay M: Radiologic changes of the aging brain and skull. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;143:383-389.
    • (1984) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.143 , pp. 383-389
    • LeMay, M.1
  • 37
    • 0033662573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and external ear resonance
    • Liu TC, Chen YS: Aging and external ear resonance. Audiology 2000;39:235-237.
    • (2000) Audiology , vol.39 , pp. 235-237
    • Liu, T.C.1    Chen, Y.S.2
  • 38
    • 0016236067 scopus 로고
    • Middle-ear function in the guinea pig
    • Manley GA, Johnstone BM: Middle-ear function in the guinea pig. J Acoust Soc Am 1974;56:571-576.
    • (1974) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.56 , pp. 571-576
    • Manley, G.A.1    Johnstone, B.M.2
  • 39
    • 0020507409 scopus 로고
    • Reassessment of high-frequency air-bone gaps in older adults
    • Marshall L, Martinez SA, Schlaman ME: Reassessment of high-frequency air-bone gaps in older adults. Arch Otolaryngol 1983;109:601-606.
    • (1983) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.109 , pp. 601-606
    • Marshall, L.1    Martinez, S.A.2    Schlaman, M.E.3
  • 40
    • 0035681098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical, metabolic, and genetic aspects of age-related hearing loss in mice
    • McFadden SL, Ding D, Salvi R: Anatomical, metabolic, and genetic aspects of age-related hearing loss in mice. Audiology 2001;40:313-321.
    • (2001) Audiology , vol.40 , pp. 313-321
    • McFadden, S.L.1    Ding, D.2    Salvi, R.3
  • 41
    • 33749492173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between changes in mechanical properties of the skin, wrinkling, and destruction of dermal collagen fiber bundles caused by photoaging
    • Oba A, Edwards C: Relationships between changes in mechanical properties of the skin, wrinkling, and destruction of dermal collagen fiber bundles caused by photoaging. Skin Res Technol 2006;12:283-288.
    • (2006) Skin Res Technol , vol.12 , pp. 283-288
    • Oba, A.1    Edwards, C.2
  • 42
    • 0018682660 scopus 로고
    • Age and sex variations for the normal stapedial reflex thresholds and tympanometric compliance values
    • Osterhammel D, Osterhammel P: Age and sex variations for the normal stapedial reflex thresholds and tympanometric compliance values. Scand Audiol 1979;8:153-158.
    • (1979) Scand Audiol , vol.8 , pp. 153-158
    • Osterhammel, D.1    Osterhammel, P.2
  • 44
    • 0345687460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cochlear function in young and adult 344 rats
    • Popelar J, Groh D, Mazelova J, Syka J: Cochlear function in young and adult 344 rats. Hear Res 2003;186:75-84.
    • (2003) Hear Res , vol.186 , pp. 75-84
    • Popelar, J.1    Groh, D.2    Mazelova, J.3    Syka, J.4
  • 45
    • 31844442937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in cochlear and brainstem auditory functions in Fischer 344 rats
    • Popelar J, Groh D, Pelánová J, Canlon B, Syka J: Age-related changes in cochlear and brainstem auditory functions in Fischer 344 rats. Neurobiol Aging 2006;27:490-500.
    • (2006) Neurobiol Aging , vol.27 , pp. 490-500
    • Popelar, J.1    Groh, D.2    Pelánová, J.3    Canlon, B.4    Syka, J.5
  • 46
    • 33746607262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated cysteine-rich 61 mediates aberrant collagen homeostasis in chronologically aged and photoaged human skin
    • Quan T, He T, Shao Y, Lin L, Vorhees JJ, Fisher GJ: Elevated cysteine-rich 61 mediates aberrant collagen homeostasis in chronologically aged and photoaged human skin. Am J Pathol 2006;169:482-290.
    • (2006) Am J Pathol , vol.169 , pp. 482-290
    • Quan, T.1    He, T.2    Shao, Y.3    Lin, L.4    Vorhees, J.J.5    Fisher, G.J.6
  • 47
    • 0020628834 scopus 로고
    • Threshold inaccuracies in an adult elderly clinical population: Ear canal collapse as a possible cause
    • Randolph LJ, Schrow RL: Threshold inaccuracies in an adult elderly clinical population: ear canal collapse as a possible cause. J Speech Hear Res 1983;26:54-58.
    • (1983) J Speech Hear Res , vol.26 , pp. 54-58
    • Randolph, L.J.1    Schrow, R.L.2
  • 48
    • 0002905396 scopus 로고
    • Outer and middle ears
    • Fay RR, Popper AN eds, New York, Springer
    • Rosowski JJ: Outer and middle ears;in Fay RR, Popper AN (eds): Comparative Hearing: Mammals. New York, Springer, 1994, pp 172-247.
    • (1994) Comparative Hearing: Mammals , pp. 172-247
    • Rosowski, J.J.1
  • 49
    • 0141729462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging of the middle ear in 129S6/SvEvTac and CBA/CaJ mice: Measurement of umbo velocity, hearing function, and the incidence of pathology
    • Rosowski JJ, Brinsko KM, Tempel BI, Kujawa SG: The aging of the middle ear in 129S6/SvEvTac and CBA/CaJ mice: measurement of umbo velocity, hearing function, and the incidence of pathology. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2003;4:371-383.
    • (2003) J Assoc Res Otolaryngol , vol.4 , pp. 371-383
    • Rosowski, J.J.1    Brinsko, K.M.2    Tempel, B.I.3    Kujawa, S.G.4
  • 50
    • 0025882851 scopus 로고
    • Age-related morphologic changes in the human tympanic membrane: A light and electron microscopic study
    • Ruah CB, Schachern PA, Zelterman D, Paparella MM: Age-related morphologic changes in the human tympanic membrane: a light and electron microscopic study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991;117:627-634.
    • (1991) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.117 , pp. 627-634
    • Ruah, C.B.1    Schachern, P.A.2    Zelterman, D.3    Paparella, M.M.4
  • 51
    • 9644260639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 affects middle-ear sound conduction in the mouse
    • Samadi DS, Saunders JC, Crenshaw EB III: Mutation of the POU-domain gene Brn4/Pou3f4 affects middle-ear sound conduction in the mouse. Hear Res 2005;199:11-21.
    • (2005) Hear Res , vol.199 , pp. 11-21
    • Samadi, D.S.1    Saunders, J.C.2    Crenshaw III, E.B.3
  • 54
    • 0141833221 scopus 로고
    • Auditory structure and function in the mouse middle ear: An evaluation by SEM and capacitive probe
    • Saunders JC, Summers RM: Auditory structure and function in the mouse middle ear: an evaluation by SEM and capacitive probe. J Comp Physiol 1982;46:517-525.
    • (1982) J Comp Physiol , vol.46 , pp. 517-525
    • Saunders, J.C.1    Summers, R.M.2
  • 57
  • 58
    • 0036593360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of age-related hearing loss
    • Seidman MD, Ahman N, Bai U: Molecular mechanisms of age-related hearing loss. Aging Res Rev 2002;1:331-343.
    • (2002) Aging Res Rev , vol.1 , pp. 331-343
    • Seidman, M.D.1    Ahman, N.2    Bai, U.3
  • 59
    • 0000077749 scopus 로고
    • The external ear
    • Keidel WD, Neff WD eds, New York, Springer
    • Shaw EAG: The external ear;in Keidel WD, Neff WD (eds): The Handbook of Sensory Physiology. New York, Springer, 1974, vol 1, pp 72-84.
    • (1974) The Handbook of Sensory Physiology , vol.1 , pp. 72-84
    • Shaw, E.A.G.1
  • 61
    • 0030994997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measures of hair cell loss in CBA and C57BL/6 mice throughout their life spans
    • Sponger VP, Flood DG, Frisina RD, Salvi RJ: Quantitative measures of hair cell loss in CBA and C57BL/6 mice throughout their life spans. J Acoust Soc Am 1997;101:3546-3553.
    • (1997) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.101 , pp. 3546-3553
    • Sponger, V.P.1    Flood, D.G.2    Frisina, R.D.3    Salvi, R.J.4
  • 62
    • 0842265638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging ear: An otomicroscopic and tympanometric study
    • Stenklev NC, Vic O, Laukli E: The aging ear: an otomicroscopic and tympanometric study. Acta Otolaryngol 2004;124:69-76.
    • (2004) Acta Otolaryngol , vol.124 , pp. 69-76
    • Stenklev, N.C.1    Vic, O.2    Laukli, E.3
  • 63
    • 0016197454 scopus 로고
    • Neurocranial morphology and aging - a longitudinal roentgen cephalometric study of adult Finnish women
    • Tallgren A: Neurocranial morphology and aging - a longitudinal roentgen cephalometric study of adult Finnish women. Am J Phys Anthropol 1974;41:285-293.
    • (1974) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.41 , pp. 285-293
    • Tallgren, A.1
  • 64
    • 37249081709 scopus 로고
    • Mössbauer effect of the middle ears of the guinea pigs, cats, and frogs
    • Taylor KJ, Johnstone BM: Mössbauer effect of the middle ears of the guinea pigs, cats, and frogs. J Acoust Soc Am 1970;48:112-117.
    • (1970) J Acoust Soc Am , vol.48 , pp. 112-117
    • Taylor, K.J.1    Johnstone, B.M.2
  • 67
    • 33744775719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: Roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation
    • Varani J, Dame MK, Rittie L, Fligiel SE, Kang S, Fisher GJ, Vorhees JJ: Decreased collagen production in chronologically aged skin: roles of age-dependent alteration in fibroblast function and defective mechanical stimulation. Am J Pathol 2006;168:1861-1868.
    • (2006) Am J Pathol , vol.168 , pp. 1861-1868
    • Varani, J.1    Dame, M.K.2    Rittie, L.3    Fligiel, S.E.4    Kang, S.5    Fisher, G.J.6    Vorhees, J.J.7
  • 68
    • 0031950975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How body size affects middleear structure and function and auditory sensitivity in gekkonoid lizards
    • Werner YL, Montgomery LG, Safford SD, Igic P, Saunders JC: How body size affects middleear structure and function and auditory sensitivity in gekkonoid lizards. J Exp Biol 1998;201:487-502.
    • (1998) J Exp Biol , vol.201 , pp. 487-502
    • Werner, Y.L.1    Montgomery, L.G.2    Safford, S.D.3    Igic, P.4    Saunders, J.C.5
  • 69
    • 0346493198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A normative study of tympanic membrane motion in humans using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV)
    • Whittemore KR, Merchant SN, Poon BB, Rosowski JJ: A normative study of tympanic membrane motion in humans using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Hear Res 2004;187:85-104.
    • (2004) Hear Res , vol.187 , pp. 85-104
    • Whittemore, K.R.1    Merchant, S.N.2    Poon, B.B.3    Rosowski, J.J.4
  • 73
    • 0023938909 scopus 로고
    • Age-related epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane of the Mongolian gerbil
    • Yi Z X, Shi GS, Huang CC: Age-related epithelial migration on the tympanic membrane of the Mongolian gerbil. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;98:564-567.
    • (1988) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg , vol.98 , pp. 564-567
    • Yi, Z.X.1    Shi, G.S.2    Huang, C.C.3
  • 74
    • 0028282896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zimmer WM, Rosen DF, Saunders JC: Middleear development. VI. Structural maturation of the rat conducting apparatus. Anat Rec 1994;239:475-484.
    • Zimmer WM, Rosen DF, Saunders JC: Middleear development. VI. Structural maturation of the rat conducting apparatus. Anat Rec 1994;239:475-484.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.