Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 96, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 155-165

  Eskelinen, Anu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

Competition; Facilitation; Grazing; Landscape heterogeneity; Local environmental conditions; Plant community; Productivity; Reindeer; Soil fertility; Soil pH

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; FACILITATION; GRAZING; HABITAT TYPE; HERBIVORE; HERBIVORY; INTRASPECIFIC INTERACTION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PLANT COMMUNITY; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; RUMINANT; TUNDRA;

DICOTYLEDONEAE; ERIGERON; ERIGERON UNIFLORUS; MAMMALIA; RANGIFER TARANDUS; SAUSSUREA; SAUSSUREA ALPINA; SOLIDAGO; SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA;

EID: 37149021915     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01322.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Augustine, D.J., McNaughton, S.J. Frank, D.A. (2003) Feedbacks between soil nutrients and large herbivores in a managed savanna ecosystem. Ecological Applications, 13, 1325 1337.
2. Bååth, E. Anderson, T.-H. (2003) Comparison of soil fungal/bacterial ratios in a pH gradient using physiological and PLFA-based techniques. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35, 955 963.
3. Bertness, M.D. Callaway, R. (1994) Positive interactions in communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 191 193.
4. Bonser, S.P. Reader, R.J. (1995) Plant competition and herbivory in relation to vegetation biomass. Ecology, 76, 2176 2183.
5. Bråthen, K.A. Oksanen, J. (2001) Reindeer reduce biomass of preferred plant species. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 473 480.
6. Brooker, R.W. Callaghan, T.V. (1998) The balance between positive and negative plant interactions and its relationship to environmental gradients: a model. Oikos, 81, 196 207.
7. Brooker, R.W., Maestre, F.T., Callaway, R.M., Lortie, C.L., Cavieres, L.A., Kunstler, G., Liancourt, P., Tielbörger, K., Travis, J.M.J., Anthelme, F., Armas, C., Coll, L., Corcket, E., Delzon, S., Forey, E., Kikvidge, Z., Olofsson, J., Pugnaire, F., Quiros, C.L., Saccone, P., Schiffers, K., Seifan, M., Touzards, B. Michalet, R. (2007) Facilitation in plant communities: the past, the present and the future. Journal of Ecology, doi:.
8. Brooker, R.W., Scott, D., Palmer, S.C.F. Swaine, E. (2006) Transient facilitative effects of heather on Scots pine along a grazing disturbance gradient in Scottish moorland. Journal of Ecology, 94, 637 645.
9. Callaway, R.M., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Kikvidze, Z., Lortle, C.J., Michalet, R., Paolini, L., Pugnaire, F.I., Newingham, B., Aschehoug, E.T., Armas, C., Kikodze, D. Cook, B.J. (2002) Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress. Nature, 417, 844 848.
10. Choler, P., Michalet, R. Callaway, R.M. (2001) Facilitation and competition on gradients in alpine plant communities. Ecology, 82, 3295 3308.
11. Crawley, M.J. (2002) Statistical Computing: an Introduction to Data Analysis Using S-Plus. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
12. Eskelinen, A. Oksanen, J. (2006) Changes in the abundance, composition and species richness of mountain vegetation in relation to summer grazing by reindeer. Journal of Vegetation Science, 17, 245 254.
13. Eskelinen, A. Virtanen, R. (2005) Local and regional processes in low-productive mountain plant communities: the roles of seed and microsite limition in relation to grazing. Oikos, 110, 360 368.
14. Fowler, N.L. (2002) The joint effects of grazing, competition, and topographic position on six savanna grasses. Ecology, 83, 2477 2488.
15. Freestone, A.L. (2006) Facilitation drives local abundance and regional distribution of a rare plant in a harsh environment. Ecology, 87, 2728 2735.
16. Goheen, J.R., Young, T.P., Keesing, F. Palmer, T.M. (2007) Consequences of herbivory by native ungulates for the reproduction of a savanna tree. Journal of Ecology, 95, 129 138.
17. Gough, L. (2006) Neighbor effects on germination, survival, and growth in two arctic tundra plant communities. Ecography, 29, 44 56.
18. Gough, L., Ramsey, E.A. Johnson, D.R. (2007) Plant-herbivore interactions in Alaskan arctic tundra change with soil nutrient availability. Oikos, 116, 407 418.
19. Gough, L., Shaver, G.R., Carroll, J., Royer, D.L. Laundre, J.A. (2000) Vascular plant species richness in Alaskan arctic tundra: the importance of soil pH. Journal of Ecology, 88, 54 66.
20. Grace, J.B. Tilman, D., eds (1990) Perspectives on Plant Competition. Academic Press, San Diego.
21. Grellmann, D. (2002) Plant responses to fertilization and exclusion of grazers on an arctic tundra heath. Oikos, 98, 190 204.
22. Grime, J.P. (1973) Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 242, 344 347.
23. Grime, J.P. (1979) Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
24. Gurevitch, J., Morrison, J.A. Hedges, L.V. (2000) The interaction between competition and predation: a meta-analysis of field experiments. American Naturalist, 155, 435 453.
25. Hämet-Ahti, L., Suominen, J., Ulvinen, T. Uotila, P., eds (1998) Field Flora of Finland (In Finnish, Retkeilykasvio). Finnish Museum of Natural History. Botanical Museum, Helsinki.
26. Harper, J.L. (1977) Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, New York.
27. Hobbie, S.E., Gough, L. Shaver, G. (2005) Species compositional differences on different-aged glacial landscapes drive contrasting responses of tundra to nutrient addition. Journal of Ecology, 93, 770 782.
28. Järvinen, A. (1987) Basic climatological data on the Kilpisjärvi area, NW Finnish Lapland. Kilpisjärvi Notes, 10, 1 16.
29. Kikvidze, Z., Pugnaire, F.I., Brooker, R.W., Choler, P., Lortie, C., Michalet, R. Callaway, R.M. (2005) Linking patterns and processes in alpine plant communities: a global study. Ecology, 86, 1395 1400.
30. Kinzel, H. (1983) Influence of limestone, silicates and soil pH on vegetation. Physiological Plant Ecology III. Responses to the Chemical and Biology Environment (eds O.L. Lange, P.S. Nobel, C.B. Osmond H. Ziegler pp. 201 244. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
31. Klanderud, K. Totland, O. (2005) The relative importance of neighbours and abiotic environmental conditions for population dynamic parameters of two alpine plant species. Journal of Ecology, 93, 493 501.
32. Körner, C. (2003) Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
33. Leibold, M.A. (1996) A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. American Naturalist, 147, 784 812.
34. Liancourt, P., Callaway, R.M. Michalet, R. (2005) Stress tolerance and competitive-response ability determine the outcome of biotic interactions. Ecology, 86, 1611 1618.
35. Louda, S.M., Keeler, K.H. Holt, R.D. (1990) Herbivore influences on plant performance and competitive interactions. Perspectives on Plant Competition (eds J.B. Grace D. Tilman pp. 413 444. Academic Press, San Diego.
36. Männistö, M., Tiirola, M. Häggblom, M.M. (2007) Bacterial communities in Arctic fjelds of Finnish Lapland are stable but highly pH-dependent. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 59, 452 465.
37. McCullagh, P. Nelder, J.A. (1989) Generalized Linear Models. Chapman & Hall, London.
38. McNaughton, S.J. (1978) Serengeti ungulates: feeding selectivity influences the effectiveness of plant defense guilds. Science, 199, 806 807.
39. McNaughton, S.J., Oesterheld, M., Frank, D.A. Williams, K.J. (1989) Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature, 341, 142 144.
40. Milchunas, D.G. Lauenroth, W.K. (1993) Quantitive effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs, 63, 327 366.
41. Miller, A.M., McArthur, C. Smethurst, P.J. (2007) Effects of within-patch characteristics on the vulnerability of a plant to herbivory. Oikos, 116, 41 52.
42. Mulder, C.P.H. (1999) Vertebrate herbivores and plants in the Arctic and subarctic: effects on individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2, 29 55.
43. Mulder, C.P.H. Ruess, R. (1998) Effects of herbivory on arrowgrass: interactions between geese, neighboring plants, and abiotic factors. Ecological Monographs, 68, 275 293.
44. Nadelhoffer, K.J., Giblin, A.E., Shaver, G.R. Laundre, J.A. (1991) Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in six arctic soils. Ecology, 72, 242 253.
45. Nordin, A., Schmidt, I.K. Shaver, G.R. (2004) Nitrogen uptake by arctic soil microbes and plants in relation to soil nitrogen supply. Ecology, 85, 955 962.
46. Oksanen, L. (1990) Predation, herbivory, and plant strategies along gradients of primary productivity. Perspectives on Plant Competition (eds J.B. Grace D. Tilman pp. 445 474. Academic Press, San Diego.
47. Oksanen, L., Fretwell, S.D., Arruda, J. Niemelä, P. (1981) Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist, 118, 240 261.
48. Olofsson, J. (2004) Positive and negative plant-plant interactions in two contrasting arctic-alpine plant communities. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 36, 464 467.
49. Olofsson, J., Moen, J. Oksanen, L. (1999) On the balance between positive and negative plant interactions in harsh environments. Oikos, 86, 539 543.
50. Olofsson, J., Moen, J. Oksanen, L. (2002) Effects of herbivory on competition intensity in two arctic-alpine tundra communities with different productivity. Oikos, 96, 265 272.
51. Peet, R.K., Fridley, J.D. Gramling, J.M. (2003) Variation in species richness and species pool size across a pH gradient in forests of the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Folia Geobotanica, 38, 391 401.
52. Pinheiro, J.C. Bates, D.M. (2000) Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS. Springer, New York.
53. R Development Core Team (2005) R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R-project.org.
54. Sammul, M., Oksanen, L. Mägi, M. (2006) Regional effects on competition-productivity relationship: a set of field experiments in two distant regions. Oikos, 112, 138 148.
55. Shaver, G.R. Chapin, F.S. III. (1980) Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth. Ecology, 61, 662 675.
56. Stevens, M.H., Bunker, D.E., Schnitzer, S.A. Carson, W.P. (2004) Establishment limitation reduces species recruitment and species richness as soil resources rise. Journal of Ecology, 92, 339 347.
57. Tilman, D. (1982) Resource Competition and Community Structure. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
58. Tilman, D. (1988) Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
59. Van der Wal, R., Egas, M., Van der Veen, A. Bakker, J. (2000) Effects of resource competition and herbivory on plant performance along a natural productivity gradient. Journal of Ecology, 88, 317 330.
60. Virtanen, R. (1998) Impact of grazing and neighbour removal on a heath plant community transplanted onto a snowbed. Oikos, 81, 359 367.
61. Virtanen, R., Dirnböck, T., Dullinger, S., Grabherr, G., Pauli, H., Staudinger, M. Villar, L. (2003) Patterns in the plant species richness of European high mountain vegetation. Alpine Biodiversity in Europe (eds L. Nagy, G. Grabherr, Ch. Körner D.B.A. Thompson pp. 149 172. Ecological Studies 167. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
62. Virtanen, R., Oksanen, J., Oksanen, L. Razzhivin, V.Y. (2006) Broad-scale vegetation-environment relationships in Eurasian high-latitude areas. Journal of Vegetation Science, 17, 519 528.