On-road remote sensing of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 41, Issue 39, 2007, Pages 9099-9110

  Ning, Z ^a   Chan, T L ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Emission factors; Liquefied petroleum gas; On road vehicle emissions; Regression analysis; Remote sensing measurement technique

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION/DECELERATION; ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT; DIESEL VEHICLES; DRIVING PATTERN; EMISSION FACTORS; HONG-KONG; ON-ROAD VEHICLE EMISSIONS; REAL-WORLD; STRONG CORRELATION; URBAN STREETS; VEHICLE EMISSION; VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS; VEHICLE MODEL; VEHICLE SPEED;

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERICS; BUTANE; ESTIMATION; GAS EMISSIONS; GAS INDUSTRY; GASOLINE; HYDROCARBONS; LEAKAGE (FLUID); LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; METAL ANALYSIS; NITRIC OXIDE; PETROLEUM ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; ROADS AND STREETS; STATISTICS; VEHICLES;

CARBON MONOXIDE;

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; NITRIC OXIDE;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CARBON MONOXIDE; CORRELATION; ESTIMATION METHOD; HYDROCARBON; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NITRIC OXIDE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; TRAFFIC EMISSION; URBAN POLLUTION;

AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; EXHAUST GAS; HONG KONG; MEASUREMENT; MOTOR VEHICLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REMOTE SENSING; URBAN AREA;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; HONG KONG;

EID: 36849054014     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.006     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. AGO (Australian Greenhouse Office), 2003. Fuel Consumption Guide 2002-2003. ISBN-0-642549-354. Canberra, Australia.
2. Bishop G.A., and Stedman D.H. Measuring the emissions of a passing car. Accounts of Chemical Research 29 (1996) 489-495
3. Bishop G.A., Starkey J.R., Ihlenfeldt A., Williams W.J., and Stedman D.H. IR long-path photometry-a remote-sensing tool for automobile emissions. Analytical Chemistry 61 (1989) 671A-677A
4. Chan T.L., and Ning Z. On-road remote sensing of diesel vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 6843-6856
5. Chan T.L., Ning Z., Leung C.W., Cheung C.S., Hung W.T., and Dong G. On-road remote sensing of petrol vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 2055-2066
6. Chan T.L., Ning Z., Wang J.S., Cheung C.S., Leung C.W., and Hung W.T. Gaseous and particle emission factors from the selected on-road petrol/gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas vehicles. Energy and Fuels 21 (2007) 2710-2718
7. E-LPG, 2006. Autogas in Hong Kong. 〈http://www.e-lpg.com/autogas.asp?cname=hong%20kong&isreg=f〉.
8. EMBS, 2005. Estate management and building service: guidance on the environmental aspects of vehicle purchasing, University of Cambridge, UK. 〈http://131.111.150.52/offices/environment/guidance/vehicle.html〉.
9. Gamas E.D., Diaz L., Rodriguez R., Lopez-Salinas E., and Schifter I. Exhaust emissions from gasoline and LPG-powered vehicles operating at the altitude of Mexico City. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 49 (1999) 1179-1189
10. HKEPD, 2006a. Environmental Protection Department of Hong Kong SAR-Hong Hong Environment's: Air. 〈http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/air_maincontent.html〉.
11. HKEPD, 2006b. Environmental Protection Department of Hong Kong SAR-Air Pollution Control Strategies. 〈http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/air/prob_solutions/strategies_apc.html〉.
12. HKTD, 2006. Transportation Department of Hong Kong SAR, Vehicle Registration-Licensing, Inspection and Examination Statistics, 〈http://www.td.gov.hk/transport_in_hong_kong/transport_figures/monthly_traffic_and_transport_digest/index.htm〉.
13. Holmen B.A., and Niemeier D.A. Characterizing the effects of driver variability on real-world vehicle emissions. Transport Research Part D 3 (1998) 117-128
14. Jayaratne E.R., Morawska L., and Johnson G.R. The use of carbon dioxide as a tracer in the determination of particle number emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 6812-6821
15. Joumard R., Andre M., Vidon R., and Tassel P. Characterizing real unit emissions for light duty goods vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 5217-5225
16. Lim M.C.J., Ayoko G.A., Morawska L., Jayratne E.R., and Kokot S. A comparative study of the elemental composition of the exhaust emissions of cars powered by LPG and unleaded petrol. Atmospheric Environment 40 (2006) 3111-3122
17. Mayer H. Air pollution in cities. Atmospheric Environment 33 (1999) 4029-4037
18. Mazzoleni C., Moosmüller H., Kuhns H.D., Keislar R.E., Barber P.W., Nikolic D., Nussbaum N.J., and Watson J.G. Correlation between automotive CO, HC, NO, and PM emission factors from on-road remote sensing: implications for inspection and maintenance programs. Transportation Research Part D 9 (2004) 477-496
19. Pokharel S.S., Bishop G.A., and Stedman D.H. An on-road motor vehicle emissions inventory for Denver: an efficient alternative to modeling. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 5177-5184
20. Ristovski Z.D., Jayaratne E.R., Morawska L., Ayoko G.A., and Lim M. Particle and carbon dioxide emissions from passenger vehicles operating on unleaded petrol and LPG fuel. Science of The total Environment 245 (2005) 93-98
21. Schifter I., Diaz L., Duran J., Guzman E., Chavez O., and Lopez-Salinas E. Remote sensing study of emissions from motor vehicles in the metropolitan area of Mexico city. Environmental Science and Technology 37 (2003) 395-401
22. Schifter I., Diaz L., Mugica V., and Lopez-Salinas E. Fuel-based motor vehicle emission inventory for the metropolitan area of Mexico city. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 931-940
23. Singer B.C., Harley R.A., Littlejohn D., Ho J., and Vo T. Scaling of infrared remote sensor hydrocarbon measurements for motor vehicle emission inventory calculations. Environmental Science and Technology 32 (1998) 3241-3248
24. USCARB, 2004. California Air Resources Board of the United States-EMFAC2002 release. 〈http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/onroad/latest_version.htm〉.
25. USEPA, 2006. Environmental Protection Agency of the United States-MOBILE6 vehicle emission modeling software. 〈http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm〉.
26. 2.5 dispersion from on-road vehicles in Hong Kong. Transportation Research Part D 11 (2006) 242-249
27. Yu L. Remote vehicle exhaust emission sensing for traffic simulation and optimization models. Transportation Research Part D 3 (1998) 337-347