HIV and menopause: A review

Journal of Women's Health

Volumn 16, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 1402-1411

  Kojic, Erna Milunka ^a,c   Wang, Chia Ching ^a   Cu Uvin, Susan ^a,b  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MIRIAM HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CALCIUM; ESTRADIOL; FOLLITROPIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INDINAVIR; PROLACTIN; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RITONAVIR; SAQUINAVIR; THYROTROPIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; VITAMIN D;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AMENORRHEA; ANXIETY DISORDER; BONE DEMINERALIZATION; BONE METABOLISM; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COMORBIDITY; COPING BEHAVIOR; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; EARLY MENOPAUSE; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; FEMALE; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HEART INFARCTION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV ASSOCIATED LIPODYSTROPHY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIPID METABOLISM; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MENOPAUSE; MORTALITY; OSTEOPENIA; PANIC; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; PREMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL STATUS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VAGINAL DRYNESS;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MENOPAUSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 36849030789     PISSN: 15409996     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0345     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses - 33 states, 2001-2004. MMWR 2005;54:1149.
2. Hogg RS, Heath KV, Yip B, et al. Improved survival among HIV-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. JAMA 1998;279:450.
3. Palella FJ Jr., Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853.
4. Paoletti R, Wenger NK. Review of the International Position Paper on Women's Health and Menopause: A comprehensive approach. Circulation 2003;107:1336.
5. Grady D. Clinical practice. Management of menopausal symptoms. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2338.
6. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, et al. Executive summary: Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW). Fertil Steril 2001;76:874.
7. McKinlay SM, Bifano NL, McKinlay JB. Smoking and age at menopause in women. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:350.
8. Ortiz AP, Harlow SD, Sowers M, Nan B, Romaguera J. Age at natural menopause and factors associated with menopause state among Puerto Rican women aged 40-59 years, living in Puerto Rico. Menopause 2006;13:116.
9. Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Wise LA, Horton NJ, Adams-Campbell LL. Onset of natural menopause in African American women. Am J Public Health 2003;93:299.
10. Bromberger JT, Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Wing RR, Meilahn EN, Plantinga P. Prospective study of the determinants of age at menopause. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:124.
11. Schoenbaum EE, Hartel D, Lo Y, et al. HIV infection, drug use, and onset of natural menopause. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1517.
12. Miller SA, Santoro N, Lo Y, et al. Menopause symptoms in HIV-infected and drug-using women. Menopause 2005;12:348.
13. Harlow SD, Schuman P, Cohen M, et al. Effect of HIV infection on menstrual cycle length. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;24:68.
14. Massad LS, Evans CT, Minkoff H, et al. Effects of HIV infection and its treatment on self-reported menstrual abnormalities in women. J Womens Health 2006;15:591.
15. Cejtin HE, Kalinowski A, Bacchetti P, et al. Effects of human immunodeficiency virus on protracted amenorrhea and ovarian dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1423.
16. Cejtin HE. Gynecologic issues in the HIV-infected woman. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2003;30:711.
17. Cejtin H, Kim S, Taylor R, Watts DH. Assessment of menopausal status among women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Paper presented at The XV International AIDS Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 2004.
18. Niaura R, Shadel WG, Morrow K, Tashima K, Flanigan T, Abrams DB. Human immunodeficiency virus infection, AIDS, and smoking cessation: The time is now. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:808.
19. Harlow SD, Cohen M, Ohmit SE, et al. Substance use and psychotherapeutic medications: A likely contributor to menstrual disorders in women who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:881.
20. van Asselt KM, Kok HS, van Der Schouw YT, et al. Current smoking at menopause rather than duration determines the onset of natural menopause. Epidemiology 2004;15:634.
21. Wanke CA, Silva M, Knox TA, Forrester J, Speigelman D, Gorbach SL. Weight loss and wasting remain common complications in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:803.
22. Fantry LE, Zhan M, Taylor GH, Sill AM, Flaws JA. Age of menopause and menopausal symptoms in HIV-infected women. AIDS Patient Care STDs 2005;19:703.
23. Clark RA, Cohn SE, Jarek C, et al. Perimenopausal symptomatology among HIV-infected women at least 40 years of age. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;23:99.
24. Moore J, Schuman P, Schoenbaum E, Boland B, Solomon L, Smith D. Severe adverse life events and depressive symptoms among women with, or at risk for, HIV infection in four cities in the United States of America. AIDS 1999;13:2459.
25. Morrison MF, Petitto JM, Ten Have T, et al. Depressive and anxiety disorders in women with HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:789.
26. Evans DL, Ten Have TR, Douglas SD, et al. Association of depression with viral load, CD8 T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in women with HIV infection. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1752.
27. Ickovics JR, Hamburger ME, Vlahov D, et al. Mortality, CD4 cell count decline, and depressive symptoms among HIV-seropositive women: Longitudinal analysis from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study. JAMA 2001;285:1466.
28. Rabkin JG, McElhiney MC, Ferrando SJ. Mood and substance use disorders in older adults with HIV/AIDS: Methodological issues and preliminary evidence. AIDS 2004;18(Suppl 1):S43.
29. Bosworth HB, Bastian LA, Kuchibhatla MN, et al. Depressive symptoms, menopausal status, and climacteric symptoms in women at midlife. Psychosom Med 2001;63:603.
30. + T-cell counts. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1991;4:970.
31. Rothenberg R, Woelfel M, Stoneburner R, Milberg J, Parker R, Truman B. Survival with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Experience with 5833 cases in New York City. N Engl J Med 1987;317:1297.
32. + cells, and reduced thymic volumes. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1924.
33. Viard JP, Mocroft A, Chiesi A, et al. Influence of age on CD4 cell recovery in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: Evidence from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2001;183:1290.
34. Manfredi R, Calza L, Cocchi D, Chiodo F. Antiretroviral treatment and advanced age: Epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical features in the elderly. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;33:112.
35. Tumbarello M, Rabagliati R, De Gaetano Donati K, et al. Older HIV-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Changing of a scenario. AIDS 2003;17:128.
36. Safadi FF, Dissanayake IR, Goodman GG, et al. Influence of estrogen deficiency and replacement on T-cell populations in rat lymphoid tissues and organs. Endocrine 2000;12:81.
37. Perez JL, Moore RD. Greater effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on survival in people aged > or =50 years compared with younger people in an urban observational cohort. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:212.
38. Egger M, May M, Chene G, et al. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: A collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:119.
39. + responses to nucleoside analogue therapy for HIV infection. The Aids Clinical Trials Group 175 Team. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;24:316.
40. Webber MP, Schoenbaum EE, Gourevitch MN, Buono D, Klein RS. A prospective study of HIV disease progression in female and male drug users. AIDS 1999;13:257.
41. van Benthem BH, Vernazza P, Coutinho RA, Prins M. The impact of pregnancy and menopause on CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected women. AIDS 2002;16:919.
42. Greenblatt RM, Ameli N, Grant RM, Bacchetti P, Taylor RN. Impact of the ovulatory cycle on virologic and immunologic markers in HIV-infected women. J Infect Dis 2000;181:82.
43. Reichelderfer PS, Coombs RW, Wright DJ, et al. Effect of menstrual cycle on HIV-1 levels in the peripheral blood and genital tract. WHS 001 Study Team. AIDS 2000;14:2101.
44. Dolan SE, Huang JS, Killilea KM, Sullivan MP, Aliabadi N, Grinspoon S. Reduced bone density in HIV-infected women. AIDS 2004;18:475.
45. Glesby MJ. Bone disorders in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37(Suppl 2):S91.
46. Huang JS, Wilkie SJ, Sullivan MP, Grinspoon S. Reduced bone density in androgen-deficient women with acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3533.
47. Yin M, Dobkin J, Brudney K, et al. Bone mass and mineral metabolism in HIV+ postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:1345.
48. Amorosa V, Tebas P. Bone disease and HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:108.
49. Barrett JA, Baron JA, Karagas MR, Beach ML. Fracture risk in the U.S. Medicare population. J Clin Epidemiol 1999;52:243.
50. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143.
51. Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:1045.
52. El-Sadr WM, Mullin CM, Carr A, et al. Effects of HIV disease on lipid, glucose and insulin levels: Results from a large antiretroviral-naive cohort. HIV Med 2005;6:114.
53. Moyle GJ, Baldwin C, Langroudi B, Mandalia S, Gazzard BG. A 48-week, randomized, open-label comparison of three abacavir-based substitution approaches in the management of dyslipidemia and peripheral lipoatrophy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;33:22.
54. Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Tai VW, et al. Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance are induced by protease inhibitors independent of changes in body composition in patients with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;23:35.
55. Galli M, Veglia F, Angarano G, et al. Gender differences in antiretroviral drug-related adipose tissue alterations. Women are at higher risk than men and develop particular lipodystrophy patterns. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003;34:58.
56. Sellmeyer DE, Grunfeld C. Endocrine and metabolic disturbances in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Endocr Rev 1996;17:518.
57. Koh-Banerjee P, Wang Y, Hu FB, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Changes in body weight and body fat distribution as risk factors for clinical diabetes in U.S. men. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:1150.
58. Hadigan C, Meigs JB, Corcoran C, et al. Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:130.
59. Hitti J, Andersen J, McComsey G, et al. Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy and glucose tolerance in pregnancy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5084. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:331.
60. Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Itoh H, et al. Hormone replacement therapy decreases insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in Japanese postmenopausal women with impaired and normal glucose tolerance. Horm Res 2003;60:134.
61. van Genugten RE, Utzschneider KM, Tong J, et al. Effects of sex and hormone replacement therapy use on the prevalence of isolated impaired fasting glucose and isolated impaired glucose tolerance in subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2006;55:3529.
62. Hsue PY, Lo JC, Franklin A, et al. Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection. Circulation 2004;109:1603.
63. Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with HIV disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:2506.
64. Meng Q, Lima JA, Lai H, et al. Coronary artery calcification, atherogenic lipid changes, and increased erythrocyte volume in black injection drug users infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 treated with protease inhibitors. Am Heart J 2002;144:642.
65. Stein JH, Klein MA, Bellehumeur JL, et al. Use of human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease inhibitors is associated with atherogenic lipoprotein changes and endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2001;104:257.
66. Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Williamson JM, et al. Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. Lancet 2002;360:1747.
67. Bozzette SA, Ake CF, Tam HK, Chang SW, Louis TA. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients treated for human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 2003;348:702.
68. Bairey Merz CN, Johnson BD, Sharaf BL, et al. Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: A report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:413.
69. Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Chang YF. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors during the perimenopause and postmenopause and carotid artery atherosclerosis in healthy women. Stroke 2001;32:1104.
70. Nelson HD, Humphrey LL, Nygren P, Teutsch SM, Allan JD. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Scientific review. JAMA 2002;288:872.
71. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321.
72. Cu-Uvin S, Wright DJ, Anderson D, et al. Hormonal levels among HIV-1-seropositive women compared with high-risk HIV-seronegative women during the menstrual cycle. Women's Health Study (WHS) 001 and WHS 001a Study Team. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000;9:857.
73. Santoro N, Arnsten JH, Buono D, Howard AA, Schoenbaum EE. Impact of street drug use, HIV infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy on reproductive hormones in middle-aged women. J Womens Health 2005;14:898.