Size and heterogeneity rather than landscape context determine plant species richness in semi-natural grasslands

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 859-868

  Öster, Mathias ^a   Cousins, Sara A O ^a   Eriksson, Ove ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

AIC; Akaike's Information Criterion; Biodiversity; Connectivity; Landscape history; Road verge; Species density; Species area effect

Indexed keywords

AKAIKE INFORMATION CRITERION; BIODIVERSITY; CONNECTIVITY; GRASSLAND; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; HETEROGENEITY; LANDSCAPE; POPULATION DENSITY; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA; SWEDEN;

EID: 36749083415     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1658/1100-9233(2007)18[859:SAHRTL]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Anon. 2000. Förordning om stöd för miljö- och landsbygdsutvecklingsåtgärder. Government decree SFS 2000:577. Regeringskansliet, Stockholm, SE. [In Swedish.]
2. Anon 2005. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7.1. StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, US.
3. Adriaens, D., Honnay, O. & Hermy, M. 2006. No evidence of a plant extinction debt in highly fragmented calcareous grasslands in Belgium. Biol. Conserv. 133: 212-224.
4. Bellemare, J., Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. 2002. Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present: an assessment of historical land-use effects on rich mesic forests. J. Biogeogr. 29: 1401-1420.
5. Bruun, H.H. 2000. Patterns of species richness in dry grassland patches in an agricultural landscape. Ecography 23: 641-650.
6. Bruun, H.H., Fritzbøger, B., Rindel, P.O. & Hansen, U.L. 2001. Plant species richness in grasslands: the relative importance of contemporary environment and land-use history since the Iron Age. Ecography 24: 569-578.
7. Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. 2002. Model selection and multimodal inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd. ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, US.
8. Calabrese, J.M. & Fagan, W.F. 2004. A comparison-shopper's guide to connectivity metrics. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2: 529-539.
9. Connor, E.F. & McCoy, E.D. 1979. The statistics and biology of the species-area relationship. Am. Nat. 113: 791-833.
10. Cousins, S.A.O. 2006. Plant species richness in midfield islets and road verges - the effect of landscape fragmentation. Biol. Conserv. 127: 500-509.
11. Cousins, S.A.O. & Eriksson, O. 2001. Plant species occurrences in a rural hemiboreal landscape: effects of remnant habitats, site history, topography and soil. Ecography 24: 461-469.
12. Cousins, S.A.O. & Eriksson, O. 2002. The influence of management history and habitat on plant species richness in a rural hemiboreal landscape, Sweden. Landscape Ecol. 17: 517-529.
13. Cousins, S.A.O., Ohlson, H. & Eriksson, O. 2007. Effects of historical and present fragmentation on plant species diversity in semi-natural grasslands in Swedish rural landscapes. Landscape Ecol. 22: 723-730.
14. Dauber, J., Hirsch, M., Simmering, D., Waldhardt, R., Otte, A. & Wolters, V. 2003. Landscape structure as an indicator of biodiversity: matrix effects on species richness. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 98: 321-329.
15. Dupré, C. & Ehrlén, J. 2002. Habitat configuration, species traits and plant distributions. J. Ecol. 90: 796-805.
16. Ekstam, U. & Forshed, N. 1992. Om hävden upphör: kärlväxter som indikatorarter i ängs- och hagmarker (If grassland management ceases: vascular plants as indicator species in meadows and pastures), Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm. [In Swedish with English summary.]
17. Ekstam, U. & Forshed, N. 1996. Äldre fodermarker: betydelsen av hävdregimen i det förgångna, målstyrning, mätning och uppföljning. Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm, SE. [In Swedish.]
18. Eriksson, Å. & Eriksson, O. 1997. Seedling recruitment in semi-natural pastures: the effects of disturbance, seed size, phenology and seed bank. Nord. J. Bot. 17: 469-482.
19. Eriksson, Å., Eriksson, O. & Berglund, H. 1995. Species abundance patterns of plants in Swedish semi-natural pastures. Ecography. 18: 310-317.
20. Eriksson, O. 1996. Regional dynamics of plants: a review of evidence for remnant, source-sink and metapopulations. Oikos. 77: 248-258.
21. Eriksson, O. & Ehrlén, J. 2001 Landscape fragmentation and the viability of plant population. In: Antonovics, J. (ed.) Integrating ecology and evolution in a spatial context. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
22. Eriksson, O. & Kiviniemi, K. 1999. Site occupancy, recruitment and extinction thresholds in grassland plants: an experimental study. Biol. Conserv. 87: 319-325.
23. Eriksson, O., Cousins, S.A.O. & Bruun, H.H. 2002. Land-use history and fragmentation of traditionally managed grasslands in Scandinavia. J. Veg. Sci. 13: 743-748.
24. Eriksson, O., Wikström, S., Eriksson, Å. & Lindborg, R. 2006. Species-rich Scandinavian grasslands are inherently open to invasion. Biol. Invas. 18: 355-363.
25. Fahrig, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S. 34: 487-515.
26. Foster, D.R. 1992. Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. J. Ecol. 80: 753-772.
27. Foster, D.R. 2002. Thoreau's country: a historical-ecological perspective on conservation in the New England landscape. J. Biogeogr. 29: 1537-1555.
28. Frenzén, D. & Eriksson, O. 2001. Small-scale patterns of species richness in Swedish semi-natural grasslands: the effects of community species pools. Ecography 24: 505-510.
29. Gabriel, D., Thies, C. & Tscharntke, T. 2005. Local diversity of arable weeds increases with landscape complexity. Perspect. Plant Ecol. 7: 85-93.
30. Gorresen, P.M., Willig, M.R. & Strauss, R.E. 2005. Multivariate analysis of scale-dependent associations between bats and landscape structure. Ecol. Appl. 15: 2126-2136.
31. Grace, J.B. 1999. The factors controlling species density in herbaceous plant communities: an assessment. Perspect. Plant Ecol. 2: 1-28.
32. Hanski, I. 1999. Metapopulation ecology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
33. Helm, A., Hanski, L. & Pärtel, M. 2006. Slow response of plant species richness to habitat loss and fragmentation. Ecol. Lett. 9: 72-77.
34. Honnay, O., Hermy, M. & Coppin, P. 1999. Effects of area, age and diversity of forest patches in Belgium on plant species richness, and implications for conservation and reforestation. Biol. Conserv. 87: 73-84.
35. Hubbell, S.P. 2001. The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, US.
36. Kiviniemi, K. & Eriksson, O. 1999. Dispersal, recruitment and site occupancy of grassland plants in fragmented habitats. Oikos 86: 241-253.
37. Kiviniemi, K. & Eriksson, O. 2002. Size-related deterioration of semi-natural grassland fragments in Sweden. Divers. Distrib. 8: 21-29.
38. Knutson, M.G., Sauer, J.R., Olsen, D.A., Mossman, M.J., Hemesath, L.M. & Lannoo, M.J. 1999. Effects of landscape composition and wetland fragmentation on frog and toad abundance and species richness in Iowa and Wisconsin, USA. Conserv. Biol. 13: 1437-1446.
39. Kollmann, J. & Schneider, B. 1999. Landscape structure and diversity of fleshy-fruited species at forest edges. Plant Ecol. 144: 37-48.
40. Kull, K. & Zobel, M. 1991. High species richness in an Estonian wooded meadow. J. Veg. Sci. 2: 715-718.
41. Kupfer, J.A., Malanson, G.P. & Franklin, S.B. 2006. Not seeing the ocean for the islands: the mediating influence of matrix-based processes on forest fragmentation effects. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 15: 8-20.
42. Leibold, M.A., Holyoak, M., Mouquet, N., Amarasekare, P., Chase, J.M., Hoopes, M.F., Holt, R.D., Shurin, J.B., Law, R., Tilman, D., Loreau, M. & Gonzalez, A. 2004. The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi-scale community ecology. Ecol. Lett. 7: 601-613.
43. Lindborg, R. & Eriksson, O. 2004a. Historical landscape connectivity affects present plant species diversity. Ecology 85: 1840-1845.
44. Lindborg, R. & Eriksson, O. 2004b. Effects of restoration on plant species richness and composition in Scandinavian semi-natural grasslands. Restor. Ecol. 12: 318-326.
45. Lomolino, M.V., Riddle, B.R. & Brown, J.H. 2006. Biogeography, 3rd. ed. Sinauer Inc., Sunderland, MA, US.
46. MacArthur, R.H. & Wilson, E.O. 1967. The theory of island biogeography, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, US.
47. Magurran, A.E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
48. Mascher, C., Widmark, M.O., Sjölin, M., Holmström, E., Johansson, U., Stenström, J. & Stibéus, M. 2002. Agrarhistorisk landskapsöversikt: Västergötland och Dalsland. Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland, Göteborg. [In Swedish.]
49. Mazerolle, M.J. & Villard, M.A. 1999. Patch characteristics and landscape context as predictors of species presence and abundance: a review. Ecoscience 6: 117-124.
50. McGarigal, K. & Cushman, S.A. 2002. Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecol. Appl. 12: 335-345.
51. Moilanen, A. & Nieminen, M. 2002. Simple connectivity measures in spatial ecology. Ecology. 83: 1131-1145.
52. Påhlsson, L. 1998. Vegetationstyper i Norden (Vegetation types in the Nordic Countries). Nordiska Ministerrådet, Copenhagen. [In Swedish with introduction in English.]
53. Pärtel, M., Zobel, M., Zobel, K. & van der Maarel, E. 1996. The species pool and its relation to species richness: evidence from Estonian plant communities. Oikos. 75: 111-117.
54. Pearson, S.M. 1993. The spatial extent and relative influence of landscape-level factors on wintering bird populations. Landscape Ecol. 8: 3-18.
55. Persson, K. 2005. Ängs- och betesmarksinventeringen 2002-2004 (Survey of semi-natural pastures and meadows). Jordbruksverket, Jönköping, SE. [In Swedish with English summary.]
56. Peterken, G.F. & Game, M. 1984. Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire. J. Ecol. 72: 155-182.
57. Piessens, K. & Hermy, M. 2006. Does the heathland flora in north-western Belgium show an extinction debt? Biol. Conserv. 132: 382-394.
58. Piessens, K., Honnay, O. & Hermy, M. 2005. The role of fragment area and isolation in the conservation of heathland species. Biol. Conserv. 122: 61-69.
59. Poschlod, P. & Bonn, S. 1998. Changing dispersal processes in the central European landscape since the last ice age: an explanation for the actual decrease of plant species richness in different habitats? Acta Bot. Neerl. 47: 27-44.
60. Ricklefs, R.E. 1987. Community diversity: relative roles of local and regional processes. Science 235: 167-171.
61. Schluter, D. & Ricklefs, R.E. 1993 Species diversity - an introduction to the problem. In: Schluter, D. & Ricklefs, R.E. (eds.) Species diversity in ecological communities, pp. 1-10. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, US.
62. Söderström, B., Svensson, B., Vessby, K. & Glimskär, A. 2001. Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors. Biodivers. Conserv. 10: 1839-1863.
63. Sporrong, U., Ekstam, U. & Samuelsson, K. 1995. Swedish landscapes. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, SE.
64. Steffan-Dewenter, I., Munzenberg, U., Burger, C., Thies, C. & Tscharntke, T. 2002. Scale-dependent effects of landscape context on three pollinator guilds. Ecology 83: 1421-1432.
65. Swihart, R.K., Lusk, J.J., Duchamp, J.E., Rizkalla, C.E. & Moore, J.E. 2006. The roles of landscape context, niche breadth, and range boundaries in predicting species responses to habitat alteration. Divers. Distrib. 12: 277-287.
66. Thies, C., Roschewitz, I. &Tscharntke, T. 2005. The landscape context of cereal aphid-parasitoid interactions. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 272: 203-210.
67. Tikka, P.M., Koski, P.S., Kivelä, R.A. & Kuitunen, M.T. 2000. Can grassland plant communities be preserved on road and railway verges? Appl. Veg. Sci. 3: 25-32.
68. Tikka, P.M., Högmander, H. & Koski, P.S. 2001. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecol. 16: 659-666.
69. Turner, M.G. 2005. Landscape ecology: What is the state of the science? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. S. 36: 319-344.
70. van Dorp, D., Schippers, P. & van Groenendael, J.M. 1997. Migration rates of grassland plants along corridors in fragmented landscapes assessed with a cellular automation model. Landscape Ecol. 12: 39-50.
71. Vellend, M., Verheyen, K., Jacquemyn, H., Kolb, A., Van Calster, H., Peterken, G. & Hermy, M. 2006. Extinction debt of forest plants persists for more than a century following habitat fragmentation. Ecology 87: 542-548.
72. Weibull, A.C. & Östman, Ö. 2003. Species composition in agroecosystems: the effect of landscape, habitat, and farm management. Basic Appl. Ecol. 4: 349-361.
73. Weibull, A.C., Bengtsson, J. & Nohlgren, E. 2000. Diversity of butterflies in the agricultural landscape: the role of farming system and landscape heterogeneity. Ecography 23: 743-750.