메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 333-343

Xenopus embryonic spinal neurons recorded in situ with patch-clamp electrodes - Conditional oscillators after all?

Author keywords

Central pattern generator; Membrane excitability; Postinhibitory rebound

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMBRYO; INTERNEURON; MICROELECTRODE; NERVE CELL STIMULATION; NONHUMAN; OSCILLATOR; PATCH CLAMP; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORY NERVE; SPINAL CORD NERVE CELL; SWIMMING; XENOPUS;

EID: 0042734472     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02755.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0021989736 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion in marine mollusc Clione limacina. III. On the origin of locomotory rhythm
    • Arshavsky, Y.I., Beloozerova, I.N., Orlovsky, G.N., Panchin, Y.V. & Pavlova, G.A. (1985) Control of locomotion in marine mollusc Clione limacina. III. On the origin of locomotory rhythm. Exp. Brain Res., 58, 273-284.
    • (1985) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.58 , pp. 273-284
    • Arshavsky, Y.I.1    Beloozerova, I.N.2    Orlovsky, G.N.3    Panchin, Y.V.4    Pavlova, G.A.5
  • 2
    • 0022521892 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion in marine mollusc Clione limacina. VI. Activity of isolated neurons of pedal ganglia
    • Arshavsky, Y.I., Deliagina, T.G., Orlovsky, G.N., Panchin, Y.V., Pavlova, G.A. & Popova, L.B. (1986) Control of locomotion in marine mollusc Clione limacina. VI. Activity of isolated neurons of pedal ganglia. Exp. Brain Res., 63, 106-112.
    • (1986) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.63 , pp. 106-112
    • Arshavsky, Y.I.1    Deliagina, T.G.2    Orlovsky, G.N.3    Panchin, Y.V.4    Pavlova, G.A.5    Popova, L.B.6
  • 4
    • 0027195628 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: Analysis of a pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus
    • Arshavsky, Y.I., Orlovsky, G.N., Panchin, Y.V., Roberts, A. & Soffe, S.R. (1993) Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: analysis of a pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus. Trends Neurosci., 16, 227-233.
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 227-233
    • Arshavsky, Y.I.1    Orlovsky, G.N.2    Panchin, Y.V.3    Roberts, A.4    Soffe, S.R.5
  • 5
    • 0021956519 scopus 로고
    • N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate and quisqualate receptors and the generation of fictive locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord
    • Brodin, L., Grillner, S. & Rovainen, C.M. (1985) N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate and quisqualate receptors and the generation of fictive locomotion in the lamprey spinal cord. Brain Res., 325, 302-306.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.325 , pp. 302-306
    • Brodin, L.1    Grillner, S.2    Rovainen, C.M.3
  • 6
    • 0020055554 scopus 로고
    • Identification of interneurons with contralateral, caudal axons in the lamprey spinal cord: Synaptic interactions and morphology
    • Buchanan, J.T. (1982) Identification of interneurons with contralateral, caudal axons in the lamprey spinal cord: synaptic interactions and morphology. J. Neurophysiol., 47, 961-975.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.47 , pp. 961-975
    • Buchanan, J.T.1
  • 7
    • 0021284565 scopus 로고
    • Interneurones in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord: Sensory excitation and activity during swimming
    • Clarke, J.D.W. & Roberts, A. (1984) Interneurones in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord: sensory excitation and activity during swimming. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 354, 345-362.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.354 , pp. 345-362
    • Clarke, J.D.W.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 8
    • 0020069726 scopus 로고
    • The nature of the coupling between segmental oscillators of the lamprey spinal generator for locomotion: A mathematical model
    • Cohen, A.H., Holmes, P.J. & Rand, R.H. (1982) The nature of the coupling between segmental oscillators of the lamprey spinal generator for locomotion: a mathematical model. J. Math. Biol., 13, 345-369.
    • (1982) J. Math. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 345-369
    • Cohen, A.H.1    Holmes, P.J.2    Rand, R.H.3
  • 9
    • 0037114961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bursting in leech heart interneurons: Cell-autonomous and network-based mechanisms
    • Cymbalyuk, G.S., Gaudry, Q., Masino, M.A. & Calabrese, R.L. (2002) Bursting in leech heart interneurons: cell-autonomous and network-based mechanisms. J. Neurosci., 22, 10,580-10,592.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 10580-10592
    • Cymbalyuk, G.S.1    Gaudry, Q.2    Masino, M.A.3    Calabrese, R.L.4
  • 10
    • 0021892575 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord
    • Dale, N. (1985) Reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 363, 61-70.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.363 , pp. 61-70
    • Dale, N.1
  • 11
    • 0025750834 scopus 로고
    • The isolation and identification of spinal neurons that control movement in the Xenopus embryo
    • Dale, N. (1991) The isolation and identification of spinal neurons that control movement in the Xenopus embryo. Eur. J. Neurosci., 3, 1025-1035.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 1025-1035
    • Dale, N.1
  • 12
    • 0027476679 scopus 로고
    • + current in spinal neurons of the frog embryo
    • + current in spinal neurons of the frog embryo. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 462, 349-372.
    • (1993) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.462 , pp. 349-372
    • Dale, N.1
  • 13
    • 0029564160 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic characterization of the voltage-gated currents possessed by Xenopus embryo spinal neurons
    • Dale, N. (1995a) Kinetic characterization of the voltage-gated currents possessed by Xenopus embryo spinal neurons. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 489, 473-488.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.489 , pp. 473-488
    • Dale, N.1
  • 14
    • 0029619828 scopus 로고
    • Experimentally-derived model for the locomotor pattern generator in the Xenopus embryo
    • Dale, N. (1995b) Experimentally-derived model for the locomotor pattern generator in the Xenopus embryo. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 489, 489-510.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.489 , pp. 489-510
    • Dale, N.1
  • 15
    • 0010975316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ionic currents in the operation of motor circuits the Xenopus embryo
    • Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I. & Stuart, D.G. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge
    • Dale, N. (1997) Role of ionic currents in the operation of motor circuits the Xenopus embryo. In Stein, P.S.G., Grillner, S., Selverston, A.I. & Stuart, D.G. (Eds), Neurons, Networks and Motor Behaviour, MIT Press, Cambridge, pp. 91-96.
    • (1997) Neurons, Networks and Motor Behaviour , pp. 91-96
    • Dale, N.1
  • 16
    • 0032528918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed production of adenosine underlies temporal modulation of swimming in frog embryo
    • Dale, N. (1998) Delayed production of adenosine underlies temporal modulation of swimming in frog embryo. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 511, 265-272.
    • (1998) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.511 , pp. 265-272
    • Dale, N.1
  • 17
    • 0036896242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resetting intrinsic purinergic modulation of neural activity - An associative mechanism?
    • Dale, N. (2002) Resetting intrinsic purinergic modulation of neural activity - an associative mechanism? J. Neurosci., 22, 10,461-10,469.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 10461-10469
    • Dale, N.1
  • 18
    • 0037239673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated motor activity in simulated spinal networks emerges from biologically-plausible rules of connectivity
    • Dale, N. (2003) Coordinated motor activity in simulated spinal networks emerges from biologically-plausible rules of connectivity. J. Comp. Neurosci., 14, 55-70.
    • (2003) J. Comp. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 55-70
    • Dale, N.1
  • 19
    • 0031452481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion channels and the control of swimming in the Xenopus embryo
    • Dale, N. & Kuenzi, F.M. (1997) Ion channels and the control of swimming in the Xenopus embryo. Prog. Neurobiol., 53, 729-756.
    • (1997) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.53 , pp. 729-756
    • Dale, N.1    Kuenzi, F.M.2
  • 20
    • 0022966499 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory neurones of a motor pattern generator in Xenopus revealed by antibodies to glycine
    • Dale, N., Ottersen, O.P., Roberts, A. & Storm-Mathisen, J. (1986) Inhibitory neurones of a motor pattern generator in Xenopus revealed by antibodies to glycine. Nature, 324, 255-257.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.324 , pp. 255-257
    • Dale, N.1    Ottersen, O.P.2    Roberts, A.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4
  • 21
    • 0021287361 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid receptors in Xenopus embryo spinal cord and their role in the activation of swimming
    • Dale, N. & Roberts, A. (1984) Excitatory amino acid receptors in Xenopus embryo spinal cord and their role in the activation of swimming. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 348, 527-543.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.348 , pp. 527-543
    • Dale, N.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 22
    • 0021892574 scopus 로고
    • Dual-component amino-acid-mediated synaptic potentials: Excitatory drive for swimming in Xenopus embryos
    • Dale, N. & Roberts, A. (1985) Dual-component amino-acid-mediated synaptic potentials: excitatory drive for swimming in Xenopus embryos. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 363, 35-59.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.363 , pp. 35-59
    • Dale, N.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 24
    • 0028835913 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine modulation of transient potassium current evokes phase shifts in a central pattern generator network
    • Harris-Warrick, R.M., Coniglio, L.M., Barazangi, N., Guckenheimer, J. & Gueron, S. (1995b) Dopamine modulation of transient potassium current evokes phase shifts in a central pattern generator network. J. Neurosci., 15, 342-358.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 342-358
    • Harris-Warrick, R.M.1    Coniglio, L.M.2    Barazangi, N.3    Guckenheimer, J.4    Gueron, S.5
  • 25
    • 0028826689 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine modulation of two subthreshold currents produces phase shifts in activity of an identified motoneuron
    • Harris-Warrick, R.M., Coniglio, L.M., Levini, R.M., Gueron, S. & Guckenheimer, J. (1995a) Dopamine modulation of two subthreshold currents produces phase shifts in activity of an identified motoneuron. J. Neurophysiol., 74, 1404-1420.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.74 , pp. 1404-1420
    • Harris-Warrick, R.M.1    Coniglio, L.M.2    Levini, R.M.3    Gueron, S.4    Guckenheimer, J.5
  • 26
    • 0020170374 scopus 로고
    • The central nervous origin of the swimming motor pattern in embryos of Xenopus laevis
    • Kahn, J.A. & Roberts, A. (1982a) The central nervous origin of the swimming motor pattern in embryos of Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 99, 185-196.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.99 , pp. 185-196
    • Kahn, J.A.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 27
    • 0000321357 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the central pattern generator for swimming in amphibian embryos
    • Kahn, J.A. & Roberts, A. (1982b) Experiments on the central pattern generator for swimming in amphibian embryos. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 296, 229-243.
    • (1982) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.296 , pp. 229-243
    • Kahn, J.A.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 28
    • 0032520129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels on motor pattern generation in the Xenopus embryo
    • + channels on motor pattern generation in the Xenopus embryo. J. Neurosci., 18, 1602-1612.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 1602-1612
    • Kuenzi, F.M.1    Dale, N.2
  • 29
    • 0035905020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining classes of spinal interneuron and their axonal projections in hatchling Xenopus laevis tadpoles
    • Li, W.C., Perrins, R., Soffe, S.R., Yoshida, M., Walford, A. & Roberts, A. (2001) Defining classes of spinal interneuron and their axonal projections in hatchling Xenopus laevis tadpoles. J. Comp. Neurol., 441, 248-265.
    • (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.441 , pp. 248-265
    • Li, W.C.1    Perrins, R.2    Soffe, S.R.3    Yoshida, M.4    Walford, A.5    Roberts, A.6
  • 30
    • 0030561117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potentials recorded with patch-clamp amplifiers: Are they genuine?
    • Magistretti, J., Mantegazza, M., Guatteo, E. & Wanke, E. (1996) Action potentials recorded with patch-clamp amplifiers: are they genuine? Trends Neurosci., 19, 530-534.
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 530-534
    • Magistretti, J.1    Mantegazza, M.2    Guatteo, E.3    Wanke, E.4
  • 31
    • 0028104636 scopus 로고
    • Calcium-dependent potassium channels play a critical role for burst termination in the locomotor network in lamprey
    • el Manira, A., Tegner, J. & Grillner, S. (1994) Calcium-dependent potassium channels play a critical role for burst termination in the locomotor network in lamprey. J. Neurophysiol., 72, 1852-1861.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 1852-1861
    • El Manira, A.1    Tegner, J.2    Grillner, S.3
  • 32
    • 1842333229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology and anatomy of synaptic connections between thick tufted pyramidal neurones in the developing rat neocortex
    • Markram, H., Lubke, J., Frotscher, M., Roth, A. & Sakmann, B. (1997) Physiology and anatomy of synaptic connections between thick tufted pyramidal neurones in the developing rat neocortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 500, 409-440.
    • (1997) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.500 , pp. 409-440
    • Markram, H.1    Lubke, J.2    Frotscher, M.3    Roth, A.4    Sakmann, B.5
  • 33
    • 0343920014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firing properties and electrotonic structure of Xenopus larval spinal neurons
    • Mleux, B.S. & Moore, L.E. (2000a) Firing properties and electrotonic structure of Xenopus larval spinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 83, 1366-1380.
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 1366-1380
    • Mleux, B.S.1    Moore, L.E.2
  • 34
    • 0342904911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active dendritic membrane properties of Xenopus larval spinal neurons analyzed with a whole cell soma voltage clamp
    • Mleux, B.S. & Moore, L.E. (2000b) Active dendritic membrane properties of Xenopus larval spinal neurons analyzed with a whole cell soma voltage clamp. J. Neurophysiol., 83, 1381-1393.
    • (2000) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.83 , pp. 1381-1393
    • Mleux, B.S.1    Moore, L.E.2
  • 36
    • 0028943554 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in Xenopus embryos
    • Perrins, R.J. & Roberts, A. (1995a) Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in Xenopus embryos. J. Neurophysiol., 73, 1013-1019.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.73 , pp. 1013-1019
    • Perrins, R.J.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 37
    • 0029000832 scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic and electrical synapses between synergistic spinal motoneurones in the Xenopus laevis embryo
    • Perrins, R. & Roberts, A. (1995b) Cholinergic and electrical synapses between synergistic spinal motoneurones in the Xenopus laevis embryo. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 485, 135-144.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.485 , pp. 135-144
    • Perrins, R.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 38
    • 0029833981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local effects of glycinergic inhibition in the spinal cord motor systems for swimming in amphibian embryos
    • Perrins, R. & Soffe, S.R. (1996) Local effects of glycinergic inhibition in the spinal cord motor systems for swimming in amphibian embryos. J. Neurophysiol., 76, 1025-1035.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.76 , pp. 1025-1035
    • Perrins, R.1    Soffe, S.R.2
  • 39
    • 0031871845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for slow NMDA receptor-mediated, intrinsic neuronal oscillations in the control of fast fictive swimming in Xenopus laevis larvae
    • Reith, C.A. & Sillar, K.T. (1998) A role for slow NMDA receptor-mediated, intrinsic neuronal oscillations in the control of fast fictive swimming in Xenopus laevis larvae. Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 1329-1340.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1329-1340
    • Reith, C.A.1    Sillar, K.T.2
  • 40
    • 0025685134 scopus 로고
    • How does a nervous system produce behaviour? A case study in neurobiology
    • Roberts, A. (1990) How does a nervous system produce behaviour? A case study in neurobiology. Sci. Prog., 74, 31-51.
    • (1990) Sci. Prog. , vol.74 , pp. 31-51
    • Roberts, A.1
  • 41
    • 0022470573 scopus 로고
    • Descending projections and excitation during fictive swimming in Xenopus embryos: Neuroanatomy and lesion experiments
    • Roberts, A. & Alford, S.T. (1986) Descending projections and excitation during fictive swimming in Xenopus embryos: neuroanatomy and lesion experiments. J. Comp. Neurol., 250, 253-261.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.250 , pp. 253-261
    • Roberts, A.1    Alford, S.T.2
  • 42
    • 34248541273 scopus 로고
    • The neuroanatomy of an amphibian embryo spinal cord
    • Roberts, A. & Clarke, J.D.W. (1982) The neuroanatomy of an amphibian embryo spinal cord. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 296, 195-212.
    • (1982) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.296 , pp. 195-212
    • Roberts, A.1    Clarke, J.D.W.2
  • 43
    • 0023266069 scopus 로고
    • The early development of neurons with GABA immunoreactivity in the CNS of Xenopus laevis embryos
    • Roberts, A., Dale, N., Ottersen, O.P. & Storm-Mathisen, J. (1987) The early development of neurons with GABA immunoreactivity in the CNS of Xenopus laevis embryos. J. Comp. Neurol., 261, 435-449.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.261 , pp. 435-449
    • Roberts, A.1    Dale, N.2    Ottersen, O.P.3    Storm-Mathisen, J.4
  • 44
    • 3543054191 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular recordings from spinal neurons during 'swimming' in paralyzed amphibian embryos
    • Roberts, A. & Kahn, J.A. (1982) Intracellular recordings from spinal neurons during 'swimming' in paralyzed amphibian embryos. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 296, 213-228.
    • (1982) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.296 , pp. 213-228
    • Roberts, A.1    Kahn, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 0025634295 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and function of spinal excitatory interneurons with commissural projections in Xenopus laevis embryos
    • Roberts, A. & Sillar, K.T. (1990) Characterization and function of spinal excitatory interneurons with commissural projections in Xenopus laevis embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2, 1051-1062.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 1051-1062
    • Roberts, A.1    Sillar, K.T.2
  • 46
    • 0000347315 scopus 로고
    • Spinal interneurons and swimming in frog embryos
    • Grillner, S., Herman, R., Stein, P.S.G. & Stuart, D. (Eds), Macmillan, London
    • Roberts, A., Soffe, S.R. & Dale, N. (1986) Spinal interneurons and swimming in frog embryos. In Grillner, S., Herman, R., Stein, P.S.G. & Stuart, D. (Eds), Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion, Macmillan, London, pp. 279-306.
    • (1986) Neurobiology of Vertebrate Locomotion , pp. 279-306
    • Roberts, A.1    Soffe, S.R.2    Dale, N.3
  • 47
    • 0025096744 scopus 로고
    • Mutual re-excitation with post inhibitory rebound: A simulation study on the mechanisms for locomotor generation in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos
    • Roberts, A. & Tunstall, M.J. (1990) Mutual re-excitation with post inhibitory rebound: a simulation study on the mechanisms for locomotor generation in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2, 11-23.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 11-23
    • Roberts, A.1    Tunstall, M.J.2
  • 48
    • 0028902358 scopus 로고
    • Properties of networks controlling locomotion in a simple vertebrate and significance of voltage-dependency of NMDA channels: A simulation study of rhythm generation sustained by positive-feedback
    • Roberts, A., Tunstall, M.J. & Wolf, E. (1995) Properties of networks controlling locomotion in a simple vertebrate and significance of voltage-dependency of NMDA channels: a simulation study of rhythm generation sustained by positive-feedback. J. Neurophysiol., 73, 485-495.
    • (1995) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.73 , pp. 485-495
    • Roberts, A.1    Tunstall, M.J.2    Wolf, E.3
  • 49
    • 0022255563 scopus 로고
    • Activation of NMDA receptors elicits fictive locomotion and bistable membrane properties in the lamprey spinal cord
    • Sigvardt, K.A., Grillner, S., Wallen, P. & Van Dongen, P.A. (1985) Activation of NMDA receptors elicits fictive locomotion and bistable membrane properties in the lamprey spinal cord. Brain Res., 336, 390-395.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.336 , pp. 390-395
    • Sigvardt, K.A.1    Grillner, S.2    Wallen, P.3    Van Dongen, P.A.4
  • 50
    • 0028049820 scopus 로고
    • Oscillatory membrane properties of spinal cord neurons that are active during fictive swimming in Rana temporaria embryos
    • Sillar, K.T. & Simmers, A.J. (1994) Oscillatory membrane properties of spinal cord neurons that are active during fictive swimming in Rana temporaria embryos. Eur. J. Morph., 32, 185-192.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Morph. , vol.32 , pp. 185-192
    • Sillar, K.T.1    Simmers, A.J.2
  • 51
    • 0026779468 scopus 로고
    • The post-embryonic development of cell properties and synaptic drive underlying locomotor rhythm generation in Xenopus larvae
    • Sillar, K.T., Simmers, A.J. & Wedderburn, J.F. (1992) The post-embryonic development of cell properties and synaptic drive underlying locomotor rhythm generation in Xenopus larvae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 249, 65-70.
    • (1992) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B , vol.249 , pp. 65-70
    • Sillar, K.T.1    Simmers, A.J.2    Wedderburn, J.F.3
  • 52
    • 0025139908 scopus 로고
    • Active and passive membrane properties of spinal cord neurones that are rhythmically active during swimming in Xenopus embryos
    • Soffe, S.R. (1990) Active and passive membrane properties of spinal cord neurones that are rhythmically active during swimming in Xenopus embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci., 2, 1-10.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 1-10
    • Soffe, S.R.1
  • 53
    • 0029952234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor patterns for two distinct rhythmic behaviors evoked by excitatory amino acid agonists in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord
    • Soffe, S.R. (1996) Motor patterns for two distinct rhythmic behaviors evoked by excitatory amino acid agonists in the Xenopus embryo spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol., 75, 1815-1825.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 1815-1825
    • Soffe, S.R.1
  • 54
    • 0021282038 scopus 로고
    • Activity of commissural interneurons in spinal cord of Xenopus embryos
    • Soffe, S.R., Clarke, J.D. & Roberts, A. (1984) Activity of commissural interneurons in spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. J. Neurophysiol., 51, 1257-1267.
    • (1984) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.51 , pp. 1257-1267
    • Soffe, S.R.1    Clarke, J.D.2    Roberts, A.3
  • 55
    • 0020425150 scopus 로고
    • Tonic and phasic synaptic input to spinal cord motoneurons during fictive locomotion in frog embryos
    • Soffe, S.R. & Roberts A. (1982) Tonic and phasic synaptic input to spinal cord motoneurons during fictive locomotion in frog embryos. J. Neurophysiol., 48, 1279-1288.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1279-1288
    • Soffe, S.R.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 56
    • 0035134632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional projection distances of spinal interneurons mediating reciprocal inhibition during swimming in Xenopus tadpoles
    • Soffe, S.R., Zhao, F.Y. & Roberts, A. (2001) Functional projection distances of spinal interneurons mediating reciprocal inhibition during swimming in Xenopus tadpoles. Eur. J. Neurosci., 13, 617-627.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 617-627
    • Soffe, S.R.1    Zhao, F.Y.2    Roberts, A.3
  • 57
    • 0032126379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1D receptors in spinal neurons of Xenopus larvae
    • 1D receptors in spinal neurons of Xenopus larvae. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 510, 103-120.
    • (1998) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.510 , pp. 103-120
    • Sun, Q.-Q.1    Dale, N.2
  • 58
    • 0032519852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in expression of ion currents accompany maturation of locomotor pattern in frog tadpoles
    • Sun, Q.-Q. & Dale, N. (1998b) Developmental changes in expression of ion currents accompany maturation of locomotor pattern in frog tadpoles. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 507, 257-264.
    • (1998) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.507 , pp. 257-264
    • Sun, Q.-Q.1    Dale, N.2
  • 59
    • 0031960410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation and parameter estimation study of a simple neuronal model of rhythm generation: Role of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors
    • Tabak, J. & Moore, L.E. (1998) Simulation and parameter estimation study of a simple neuronal model of rhythm generation: role of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. J. Comp. Neurosci., 5, 209-235.
    • (1998) J. Comp. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 209-235
    • Tabak, J.1    Moore, L.E.2
  • 60
    • 0023404899 scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced, inherent oscillatory activity in neurons active during fictive locomotion in the lamprey
    • Wallen, P. & Grillner, S. (1987) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-induced, inherent oscillatory activity in neurons active during fictive locomotion in the lamprey. J. Neurosci., 7, 2745-2755.
    • (1987) J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 2745-2755
    • Wallen, P.1    Grillner, S.2
  • 61
    • 0028988369 scopus 로고
    • The influence of premotor interneuron populations on the frequency of the spinal pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos: A simulation study
    • Wolf, E. & Roberts, A. (1995) The influence of premotor interneuron populations on the frequency of the spinal pattern generator for swimming in Xenopus embryos: a simulation study. Eur. J. Neurosci., 7, 671-678.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 671-678
    • Wolf, E.1    Roberts, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.