A general circulation model study of the global carbonaceous aerosol distribution

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue 16, 2002, Pages

  Cooke, W F ^a,b   Ramaswamy, V ^b   Kasibhatla, P ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosol scavenging; Carbonaceous aerosol; Sensitivity studies

Indexed keywords

EID: 36448941475     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Andreae, M. O., T. W. Andreac, R. J. Ferek, and H. Raemdonck, Longrange transport of soot carbon in the marine atmosphere, Sci. Total Environ., 36, 73-80, 1984.
2. Bahrmann, C. P., and V. K. Saxena, Influence of air mass history on black carbon concentrations and regional climate forcing in southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 23,153-23,161, 1998.
3. Balkanski, Y., Atmospheric residence times of continental aerosols, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass., 1991.
4. Berner, A., S. Sidla, Z. Galambos, C. Kruisz, R. Hitzenberger, H. M. ten Brink, and G. P. A. Kos, Modal character of atmospheric black carbon size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,559-19,565, 1996.
5. Blake, D. F., and K. Kato, Latitudinal distribution of black carbon soot in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7195-7202, 1995.
6. Brorstrom-Lunden, E., and G. Lovblad, Deposition of soot related hydrocarbons during long-ranee transport of pollution to Sweden, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25, 2251-2257, 1991.
7. Brorstrom-Lunden, E., A. Lindskog, and J. Mowrer, Concentrations and fluxes of organic compounds in the atmosphere of the Swedish west coast, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3605-3615, 1994.
8. Cachier, H., Carbonaceous combustion particles, in Atmospheric Particles, edited by R. M. Harrison and R. E. Van Grieken, pp. 295-348, John Wiley, New York, 1998.
9. Cachier, H., M.-P. Brémond, and P. Buat-Ménard, Carbonaceous aerosols from different tropical biomass burning sources, Nature, 340, 371-373, 1989a.
10. Cachier, H., M.-P. Brémond, and P. Buat-Ménard, Determination of atmospheric soot carbon with a simple thermal method, Tellus, Ser. B, 41, 379-390, 1989b.
11. Cachier, H., M.-P. Brémond, and P. Buat-Ménard, Organic and black carbon aerosols over marine regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry, edited by L. New-man, W. Wans, and C.S. Kiang, pp. 249-261, Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Upton, N.Y., 1990.
12. Castro, L. M., C. A. Pio, R. M. Harrison, and D. J. T. Smith, Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres: Estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2771-2781, 1999.
13. Chýlek, P., et al., Black carbon: Atmospheric concentrations and cloud water content measurements over southern-Nova Scotia, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,105-29,110, 1996.
14. Chýlek, P., L. Kou, B. Johnson, F. Boudala, and G. Lesins, Black carbon concentrations in precipitation and near surface air in and near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2269-2277, 1999.
15. Clarke, A. D., and K. J. Noone, Soot in the Arctic snowpack: A cause for perturbations in radiative transfer, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2045-2053, 1985.
16. Cooke, W. F., and J. J. N. Wilson, A global black carbon aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,395-19,409, 1996.
17. Cooke, W. F., S. G. Jennings, and T. G. Spain, Black carbon measurements at Mace Head, 1989-1996, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,339-25,346, 1997.
18. Cooke, W. F., C. Liousse, H. Cachier, and J. Feichter, Construction of a 1° × 1° fossil fuel emission data set for carbonaceous aerosol and implementation and radiative impact in the ECHAM-4 model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,137-22,162, 1999.
19. Ducret, J., and H. Cachier, Particulate carbon content in rain at various temperate and tropical locations, J. Atmos. Chem., 15, 55-67, 1992.
20. Fels, S. B., J. D. Mahlman, M. D. Schwarzkopf, and R. W. Sinclair, Stratospheric sensitivity to perturbations in ozone and carbon dioxide: Radiative and dynamical responses, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2265-2297, 1980.
21. Ganzeveld, L., J. Lelieveld, and G.-J. Roelofs, A dry deposition parameterization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry and general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5679-5694, 1998.
22. Hamilton, K., R. J. Wilson, J. D. Mahlman, and L. J. Umscheid, Climatology of the SKYHI troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 5-43, 1995.
23. Hansen, A. D. A., and T. Novakov, Aerosol black carbon measurements over the western Atlantic Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2, 41-45, 1988.
24. Haywood, J. M., and V. Ramaswamy, Global sensitivity studies of the direct radiative forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate and black carbon aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6043-6058, 1998.
25. Hegg, D. A., J. Livingston, P. V. Hobbs, T. Novakov, and P. Russell, Chemical apportionment of aerosol column optical depth off the midAtlantic coast of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,293-25,303, 1997.
26. Heintzenberg, J., Size-segregated measurements of particulate elemental carbon and aerosol light absorption at remote Arctic locations, Atmos. Environ., 16, 2461-2469, 1982.
27. Heintzenberg, J., R. J. Charlson, A. D. Clarke, C. Liousse, V. Ramaswamy, K. P. Shine, M. Wendisch, and G. Helas, Measurements and modelling of aerosol single-scattering albedo: Progress, problems and prospects, Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 70, 249-263, 1997.
28. Hidy, G. M., P. K. Mueller, H. H. Wang, J. Karney, S. Twiss, M. Imada, and A. Alcocer, Observations of aerosols over southern California coastal waters, J. Appl. Meteorol., 13, 96-107, 1974.
29. Huffman, E. J., and R. A. Duce, Organic carbon in marine atmospheric particulate matter: Concentration and particle size distribution, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 449-452, 1977.
30. Holloway, J. L., and S. Manabe, Simulation of climate by a global general circulation model, I, Hydrological cycle and heat balance, Mon. Heather Rev., 99, 335-370, 1971.
31. Keeler, G. J., S. M. Japar, W. W. Brachaczek, R. A. Gorse, J. M. Norbeck, and W. R. Pierson, The sources of aerosol elemental carbon at Allegheny Mountain, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 24, 2795-2805, 1990.
32. Kim, Y. P., K. C. Moon, J. H. Lee, and N. J. Baik, Concentrations of carbonaceous species in particles at Seoul and Cheju in Korea, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2751-2758, 1999.
33. Lacis, A. A., and J. E. Hansen, A parameterisation for the absorption of solar radiation in the Earth's atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 118-132, 1974.
34. Lavanchy, V. M. H., H. W. Gaggeler, S. Nyeki, and U. Baltensperger, Elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC) measurements with a thermal method and an aethalometer at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2759-2769, 1999.
35. Lin, S. J., and R. B. Rood, Multidimensional flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport schemes, Mon. Weather Rev., 124, 2046-2010, 1996.
36. Liousse, C., H. Cachier, and S. G. Jennings, Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross section, σ, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27, 1203-1211, 1993.
37. Liousse, C., J. E. Penner, C. Chuang, J. J. Walton, H. Eddleman, and H. Cachier, A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,411-19,432, 1996.
38. Lyubovtseva, Y. S., and L. G. Yatskovich, Soot in the aerosols of different regions,J. Aerosol Sci., 20, 1269-1272, 1989.
39. Mahlman, J. D., J. P. Pinto, and L. J. Umscheid, Transport, radiative, and dynamical effects of the Antarctic ozone hole: A GFDL "SKYHI" model experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 489-508, 1994.
40. Malm, W. C., J. F. Sisler, D. Huffman, R. A. Eldred, and T. A. Cahill, Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1347-1370, 1994.
41. Masclet, P., V. Hoyau, J. L. Jaffrezo, and H. Cachier, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition on the ice sheet of Greenland, I, Superficial snow, Atmos. Environ., 34, 3195-3207, 2000.
42. Mukai, H., Y. Ambe, K. Shibata, T. Muku, K. Takeshita, T. Fukuma, J. Takahashi, and S. Mizota, Long-term variation of chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol on the Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 24, 1379-1390, 1990.
43. Noone, K. J., and A. D. Clarke, Soot scavenging measurements in Arctic snowfall, Atmos. Environ., 22, 2773-2778, 1988.
44. Novakov, T., and C. E. Corrigan, Cloud condensation nucleus activity of the organic component of biomass smoke particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2141-2144, 1996.
45. Ogren, J. A., P. J. Groblicki, and R. J. Charlson, Measurement of the removal rate of elemental carbon from the atmosphere, Sci. Total Environ., 36, 329-338, 1984.
46. Ohta, S., and T. Okita, Measurements of paniculate carbon in urban and marine air in Japanese areas, Atmos. Environ., 18, 2439-2445, 1984.
47. Parungo, F., C. Nagamoto, M.-Y. Zhou, A. D. A. Hansen, and J. Harris, Aeolian transport of aerosol black carbon from China to the ocean, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3251-3260, 1994.
48. Penner, J. E., R. C. Easter, and S. J. Ghan, A parameterization of cloud droplet nucleation, II, Multiple aerosol types, Atmos. Res., 36, 39, 1995.
49. Pertuisot, M. H., Transfert du carbone atmosphérique dans les neiges et les pluies, Ph.D. thesis, Denis Diderot Univ., Paris, 1997.
50. Pinnick, R. G., G. Femandez, E. Martinez-Andazola, B. D. Hind, A. D. A. Hansen, and K. Fuller, Aerosol in the arid southwestern United States: Measurements of mass loading, volatility, size distribution, absorption characteristics, black carbon content, and vertical structure to 7 km above sea level, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2651-2666, 1993.
51. Polissar, A. V., Measurements of the soot mass concentration and particlesize distribution of atmospheric aerosol in the eastern Arctic. Izv. Russ, Acad. Sci. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., Engl. Transl., 29, 66-73, 1993.
52. Pueschel, R. F., D. F. Blake, K. G. Snetsinger, A. D. A. Hansen, S. Verma, and K. Kato, Black carbon (soot) aerosol in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1659-1662, 1992.
53. Ramachandran, S., V. Ramaswamy, G. L. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, Radiative impact of the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption: Lower stratospheric response, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,409-24,429, 2000.
54. Ramaswamy, V., and S. M. Friedenreich, A study of broadband parameterizations of the solar radiative interactions with water vapor and water drops, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,487-11,512, 1992.
55. Raunemaa, T., K. Kuuspalo, T. Alander, E. Tamm, A. Mirme, and V. Laine, Black carbon and aerosol in Böisto Island, J. Aerosol Sci., 24, S29-S30, 1993.
56. Schwarzkopf, M. D., and S. B. Fels, The simplified exchange method revisited: An accurate, rapid method for computation of infrared cooling rates and fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9075-9096, 1991.
57. Schwarzkopf, M. D., and V. Ramaswamy, Radiative effects of CH4, N2O, halocarbons, and the foreign-broadened H2O continuum: A GCM experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9467-9488, 1999.
58. Smith, D. M., M. S. Akhter, J. A. Jassim, C. A. Sergides, W. F. Welch, and A. R. Chughtai, Studies of the structure and reactivity of soot, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 10, 311-325, 1989.
59. Wetherald, R. T., and S. Manabe, Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1397-1415, 1988.
60. Wolff, G. T., M. S. Ruthkosky, D. P. Stroup, P. E. Korsog, M. A. Ferman, G. J. Wendel, and D. H. Stedman, Measurements of SOx, NOx and aerosol species on Bermuda, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1229-1239, 1986.
61. Zappoli, S., et al., Inorganic, organic and macromolecular components of fine aerosol in different areas of Europe in relation to their water solubility, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2733-2743, 1999.