Elemental carbon (EC) and black carbon (BC) measurements with a thermal method and an aethalometer at the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 33, Issue 17, 1999, Pages 2759-2769

  Lavanchy, V M H ^a,b   Gaggeler H W ^a,b   Nyeki, S ^b   Baltensperger, U ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUTE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Absorption efficiency; Aerosol; Aethalometer; Black carbon; Jungfraujoch; Thermal method

Indexed keywords

AETHALOMETER; ELEMENTAL CARBON; THERMAL METHOD;

ABSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CARBON BLACK; SAMPLING; TROPOSPHERE;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY;

CARBON;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON; MEASUREMENT METHOD;

AIR MONITORING; AIR SAMPLING; AIRCRAFT; AMBIENT AIR; ANALYTIC METHOD; APPARATUS; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION; CALIBRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEASONAL VARIATION;

EID: 0033180868     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00328-8     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H.W., Jost, D.T., Emenegger, M., Nägeli, W., 1991. Continuous background aerosol monitoring with the epiphaniometer. Atmospheric Environment 25A, 629-634.
2. Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H.W., Jost, D.T., Lugauer, M., Schwikowski, M., Weingartner, E., Seibert, P., 1997. Aerosol climatology at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 19 707-19 715.
3. Bodhaine, B.A., 1995. Aerosol absorption measurements at Barrow, Mauna Loa and the South Pole. Journal of GeophysiCal Research 100, 8967-8975.
4. Cachier, H., Bremond, M.P., Buat-Ménard, P., 1989. Determination of atmospheric soot carbon with a simple thermal method. Tellus 41B, 379-390.
5. Cachier, H., 1995. Combustion of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere: Implications for ice core studies. In: Delmas, R.J. (Ed.), Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, NATO ASI Series. Springer, Berlin, pp. 313-346.
6. Cadle, S.H., Groblicki, P.J., 1982. An evaluation of methods for the determination of organic and elemental carbon in particulate samples. In: Wolff, G.T., Klimisch, R.L., (Eds.), Particulate Carbon Atmospheric Life Cycle, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 89-109.
7. Chýlek, P., Ramaswamy, V., Srivastava, V., 1984. Graphitic carbon content of aerosols, clouds and snow and its climatic implications. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 117-120.
8. Clarke, A.D., Charlson, R.J., 1985. Radiative properties of the background aerosol: Absorptive component of extinction. Science 229, 263-265.
9. Cooke, W.F., Jennings S.G., Spain, T.G., 1997. Black carbon measurements at Mace Head, 1989-1996. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 25 339-25 346.
10. Countess, R.J., 1990. Interlaboratory analyses of carbonaceous aerosol samples. Aerosol Science and Technology 12, 114-121.
11. Eatough, D.J, Eatough, D.A., Lewis L., Lewis, E.A., 1996. Fine particulate chemical composition and light extinction at Canyonlands National Park using organic particulate material concentrations obtained with a multisystem, multi-channel diffusion denuder sampler. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 19 515-19 532.
12. Fischer, A., Gehrig, R., Hofer P., 1997. Russmessungen in der Aussenluft - Methodik und Resultate. Umwelt-Materialen Nr. 80, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Bern.
13. Gundel, L.A., Dod, R.L., Rosen, H., Novakov, T., 1984. The relationship between optical attenuation and black carbon concentration for ambient and source particles. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 197-202.
14. Hansen, A.D.A., Rosen, H., Novakov, T., 1984. The aethalometer - An instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles. The Science of the Total Environment 36, 191-196.
15. Hansen, A.D.A., Kapustin V.N., Kopeikin V.M., Gillette, D.A., Bodhaine, B.A., 1993. Optical absorption by aerosol black carbon and dust in a desert region of central Asia. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 2527-2531.
16. Haywood, J.M., Shine, K.P., 1995. The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol on the clear sky planetary radiation budget. Geophysical Research Letters 22, 603-606.
17. Heintzenberg, J., Charlson, R.J., Clarke, A.D., Liousse, C., Ramaswamy, V., Shine, K.P., Wendisch, M., Helas, G. 1997. Measurements and modelling of aerosol single-scattering albedo: Progress, problems and prospects. Beiträge zur Physik der Atmosphäre 70, 249-263.
18. Hering, S.V., Appel, B.R., Cheng, W., Salaymeh, F., Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Cahill, T.A., Eldred, R.A., Surovik, M., Fitz, D., Howes, J.E., Knapp, K.T., Stockburger, L., Turpin, B.J., Huntzicker, J.J., Zhang, X., McMurry, P.H., 1990. Comparison of sampling methods for carbonaceous aerosols in ambient air. Aerosol Science and Technology 12, 200-213.
19. Horvath, H., 1993. Atmospheric light absorption - A review. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 293-317.
20. IPCC, 1995. Climate change 1994. Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Bruce, J., Lee, H., Callander, B.A., Haites, E., Harris, E., Maskell, N., (Eds.), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
21. Jennings, S.G., McGovern, F.M., Cooke, W.F., 1993. Carbon mass concentration measurements at Mace Head, on the west coast of Ireland. Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1229-1239.
22. Kromp-Kolb, H., Schöner, W., Seibert, P., 1993. ALPTRAC data catalogue. EUROTRAC Int. Sci. Secr., Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
23. Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., 1995. Method for determining black carbon in residues of vegetation fires. Environmental Science and Technology 29, 2695-2702.
24. Liousse, C., Cachier, H., Jennings, S.G., 1993. Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross-section, sigma (σ). Atmospheric Environment 27A, 1203-1211.
25. Lugauer, M., Baltensperger, U., Furger, M., Gäggeler, H.W., Jost, D.T., Schwikowski, M., Wanner, H., 1998. Aerosol transport to the high alpine sites Jungfraujoch (3454 m) and Colle Gnifetti (4453 m). Tellus 50B, 76-92.
26. Nyeki, S., Baltensperger, U., Colbeck, I., Jost, D.T., Weingartner, E., Gäggeler, H.W., 1998. The Jungfraujoch high-alpine research station (3454 m) as a background clean continental site for the measurement of aerosol parameters. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 6097-6107.
27. Penner, J.E., Novakov, T., 1996. Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere: A historical perspective to the Fifth International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 19 373-19 378.
28. Petzold, A., Niessner, R., 1995a. Method comparison study on soot-selective techniques. Mikrochimica Acta 117, 215-237.
29. Petzold, A., Niessner, R., 1995b. Intercomparison study on soot-selective methods - Field study results from several polluted areas in Germany. Journal of Aerosol Science 26, S393-S394.
30. Petzold, A., Kopp, C., Niessner, R., 1997. The dependence of the specific attenuation cross-section on black carbon mass fraction and particle size. Atmospheric Environment 31, 661-672.
31. Puxbaum, H., 1979. Thermo-gasanalysator zur Charakterisierung von Kohlenstoff- und Schwefelverbindungen in luftgetragenen Stäuben. Fresenius Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie 298, 250-259.
32. Rosen, H., Hansen, A.D.A., 1984. Role of combustion-generated carbon particles in the absorption of solar radiation in the arctic haze. Geophysical Research Letters 11, 461-464.
33. Schwikowski, M., Seibert, P., Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H.W., 1995. A study of an outstanding Saharan dust event at the high-alpine site Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1829-1842.
34. Steiner, D., Burtscher, H., Gross, H., 1992. Structure and disposition of particles from a spark-ignition engine. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 997-1003.
35. Tanner, R.L., Gaffner, J.S., Phillips, M.F., 1982. Determiniation of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric aerosol samples by thermal evolution. Analytical Chemistry 54 1627-1630.
36. VDI, 1996. Verein deutscher ingenieure, 2465, Part 1: MeasureMent of Soot (Immission) - Chemical Analysis of Elemental Carbon by Extraction and Thermal Desorption of Organic Carbon. Bueth, Berlin.