Evolutionary transformation of the hominin shoulder

Evolutionary Anthropology

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 172-187

  Larson, Susan G ^a,b  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Clavicle; Humeral torsion; Humerus; Scapula

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS; HOMO; HOMO FLORESIENSIS; PAN; PRIMATES;

EID: 36249007081     PISSN: 10601538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/evan.20149     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Morwood MJ, Brown P, Jatmiko, Sutikna T, Wahuy Saptomo E, Westaway KE, Awe Due R, Roberts RG, Maeda T, Wasisto S, Djubiantono T. 2005, Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 437:1012-1017.
2. Larson SG, Jungers WL, Morwood M, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Due RA, Djubiantono T. n.d. Homo floresiensis and the evolution of the hominin shoulder. J Hum Evol. In press.
3. Le Gros Clark WE. 1959. The antecedents of man. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
4. Andrews P. 1985. Family group systematics and evolution among catarrhine primates. In: Delson E, editor. Ancestors: the hard evidence. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 14-22.
5. Martin L. 1986. Relationships among extant and extinct great apes and humans. In: Wood B, Martin L, Andrews P, editors. Major topics in primate and human evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p 161-187.
6. Harrison T. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the early catarrhine primates: a review of the current evidence. J Hum Evol 16:41-80.
7. Alemseged A, Spoor F, Kimbel WH, Bobe R, Geraads D, Reed D, Wynn JG. 2006. A juvenile early hominin skeleton from Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 443:296-301.
8. Caccone A, Powell JR. 1989. DNA divergence among hominoids. Evolution 43:925-942.
9. Goodman M, Tagle DA, Fitch DHA, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop BF, Benson P, Slightom JL. 1990. Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids. J Mol Evol 30:260-266.
10. Horai S, Satta Y, Hayasaka K, Kondo R, Inoue T, Ishida T, Hayashi S. 1992. Man's place in Hominoidea revealed by mitochondrial DNA geneology. J Mol Evol 35:32-43.
11. Ruvolo M. 1994. Molecular evolutionary processes and conflicting gene trees: the hominoid case. Am J Phys Anthropol 94:89-113.
12. Li W-H, Saunders MA. 2005. The chimpanzee and us. Nature 437:50-51.
13. Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S, Lander ES, Reich D. 2006. Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees, Nature 441:1103-1108.
14. Lovejoy CO, Johanson DC, Coppens Y. 1982. Hominid upper limb bones recovered from the Hadar formation: 1974-1977 collections. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:637-649.
15. Ohman JC. 1986. The first rib of hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 70:209-229.
16. Voisin J-L. 2006. Clavicle, a neglected bone: morphology and relation to arm movements and shoulder architecture in primates. Anat Rcc 288A:944-953.
17. Partridge TC, Granger DE, Caffec MW, Clarke RJ. 2003. Lower Pliocene hominid remains from Sterkfontein. Science 300:607-612.
18. Broom R, Robinson JT, Schepers GWH. 1950. Sterkfontein ape-men Plesianthropus. Transvaal Mus Mem No. 4.
19. Johanson DC, Lovejoy CO, Kimbel WH, White TD, Ward SC, Bush ME, Latimer BM, Coppens Y. 1982. Morphology of the Pliocene partial hominid skeleton (A.L. 288-1) from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:403-451.
20. Campbell BG. 1966. Human evolution. London: Heinemann.
21. Oxnard CE. 1968. A note on the fragmentary Sterkfontein scapula. Am J Phys Anthropol 28:213-217.
22. Robinson JT. 1972. Early hominid posture and locomotion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Vrba ES. 1979. A new study of the scapula of Australopithecus africanus from Sterkfontein. Am J Phys Anthropol 51:117-130.
24. Stern JT Jr, Susman RL. 1983. The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis, Am J Phys Anthropol 60:279-317.
25. Inouye SE, Shea BT. 1997. What's your angle? Size correction and bar-glenoid orientation in "Lucy" (A.L. 288-1). Int J Primatol 18:629-650.
26. Roberts D. 1974. Structure and function of the primate scapula. In: Jenkins FA, editor. Primate locomotion. New York: Academic Press. p 171-200.
27. Ciochon RL, Corruccini RS. 1976. Shoulder joint of Sterkfontein Australopithecus. S Afr J Sci 72:80-82.
28. Larson SG. 1995. New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri. Am J Phys Anthropol 98:13-35.
29. Pickford M, Johanson DC, Lovejoy CO, White TD, Aronson JL. 1983. A hominoid humeral fragment from the Pliocene of Kenya. Am J Phys Anthropol 60:337-346.
30. Evans FG, Krahl VE. 1945. The torsion of the humerus: a phylogenetic study from fish to man. Am J Anat 76:303-337.
31. Krahl VE. 1947. The torsion of the humerus: its localization, cause and duration in man. Am J Anat 80:275-319.
32. Larson SG. 1996. Estimating humeral torsion on incomplete fossil anthropoid humeri. J Hum Evol 31:239-257.
33. Larson SG. 1988. Subscapularis function in gibbons and chimpanzees: implications for interpretation of humeral head torsion in hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol 76:449-462.
34. Schmid P. 1983. Eine Rekonstruktion des Skelettes von A.L. 288-1 (Hadar) und deren Konsequenzen. Folia Primatol 40:283-306.
35. Napier JR, 1965. Comment on "new discoveries in Tanganyika: their bearing on hominid evolution" by PV Tobias. Curr Anthropol 5:402-403.
36. Oxnard CE. 1969. A note on the Olduvai clavicular fragment. Am J Phys Anthropol 29:429-432.
37. Day M. 1978. Hominid postcranial material from Bed I, Olduvai Gorge. In: Isaac GL, McCown ER, editors. Human origins: Louis Leakey and the East African evidence. Menlo Park: WA Benjamin, p 363-374.
38. Voisin J-L. 2001. Évolution de la morphologie claviculaire au sein du genre Homo, conséquences architecturales et fonctionnels sur la ceinture scapulaire. L'Anthropol 105:449-468.
39. nd International Congress of Human Paleontology. Milano: Jaka Books, p 167-173.
40. Latimer B, Ohman JC. 2001. Axial dysplasia in Homo erectus. Abstracts of Paleoanthropology Society meeting, p 9.
41. Latimer B, Ward CV. 1993. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. In: Leakey R, Walker A, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 266-293.
42. MacLarnon A. 1993. The vertebral canal. In: Leakey R, Walker A, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 359-390.
43. Walker A, Leakey RE. 1993. The postcranial bones. In: Leakey R, Walker A, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 95-160.
44. Jungers WL. 1994. Ape and hominid limb length. Nature 369:194.
45. Larson SG. n.d. Evolution of the hominin shoulder: early Homo. In: Grine FE, Leakey RE, editors. The first humans: origins of the genus Homo. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series. New York: Springer.
46. Jungers WL, Hartman SE. 1988. Relative growth of the locomotor skeleton in orangutans and other large-bodied hominoids. In: Schwartz JE, editor. Orang-utan biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 347-359.
47. Jellema LM, Latimer B, Walker A. 1993. The rib cage. In: Leakey R, Walker A, editors. The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p 294-325.
48. Milgram JE. 1942. Congenital forward shoulders (quadrupedal type): treatment by clavicular osteotomy. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 3:93-96.
49. Guidera KJ, Grogan DP, Pugh L, Ogden JA. 1991. Hypoplastic clavicles and lateral scapular redirection. J Pediatr Orthop 11:523-526.
50. Beals RK. 2000. The short clavicle syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop 30:389-391.
51. Beals RK, Sauser DD. 2006. Nontraumatic disorders of the clavicle. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14:205-214.
52. Edelson G. 1999. Variations in the retroversion of the humeral head. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 8:142-145.
53. Edelson G. 2000. The development of humeral head retroversion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 9:316-318.
54. Fischman J. 2005. Family ties. Natl Geogr 207:16-27.
55. Rightmire GP, Lordkipanidze D, Vekua A, 2006. Anatomical descriptions, comparative studies and evolutionary significance of the hominin skulls from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia. J Hum Evol 50:115-141.
56. Carretero JM, Larenzo D, and Arsuaga JL, 1999. Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor. J Hum Evol 37:459-499.
57. Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Rosas A, Martinez I, Mosquera M. 1997. A hominid from the lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertais and modern humans. Science 276:1392-1395,
58. Carretero JM, Arsuaga JL, Lorenzo C. 1997, Clavicles, scapulae and humeri from the Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). J Hum Evol 33:357-408.
59. Arsuaga JL, Martinez I, Garcia A, Lorenzo C. 1997. The Sima de los Huersos crania (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain): a comparative study. J Hum Evol 33:219-281.
60. Trinkaus E. 1983. The Shanidar Neandertais. New York: Academic Press.
61. Vandermeersch B, Trinkaus E. 1995. The postcranial remains of the Régourdou 1 Neandertal: the shoulder and arm remains. J Hum Evol 28:439-476.
62. Trinkaus E. 1977. A functional interpretation of the axillary border of the Neandertal scapula. J Hum Evol 6:231-234.
63. Churchill SE, Trinkaus E. 1990. Neandertal scapular glenoid morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 83:147-160.
64. Churchill SE. 1994. Human upper body evolution in the Eurasian later Pleistocene. Ph.D. dissertation. University of New Mexico.
65. Churchill SE. 1996. Particulate versus integrated evolution of the upper body in Late Pleistocene humans: a test of two models. Am J Phys Anthropol 100:559-583.
66. van der Made J. 1999. Ungulates from Atapuerca TD6. J Hum Evol 37:389-413.
67. Krahl VE, Evans FG. 1945. Humeral torsion in man. Am J Phys Anthropol 3:229-252.
68. Martin CP. 1933. The cause of torsion of the humerus and the notch of the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity of the scapula. J Anat 67:573-582.
69. Pieper H-P. 1998, Humeral torsion in the throwing arm of handball players. Am J Sports Med 26:247-253.
70. Crockett HG, Gross LB, Wilk KE, Schwartz ML, Reed J, O'Mara J, Reilly MT, Dugas JR, Meister K, Lyman S, Andrews JR. 2002. Osseous adaptation and range of motion at the glenohumeral joint in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 30:20-26.
71. Reagan KM, Meister K, Horodyski MB, Werner DW, Carruthers C, Wilk K. 2002. Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoulder of college baseball players. Am J Sports Med 30:354-360.
72. Osbahr DC, Cannon DL, Peer KP. 2002. Retroversion of the humerus in the throwing shoulder of college baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 30:347-353.
73. Tullos HS, King JW. 1973. Throwing mechanisms in sports. Orthop Clin North America 4:709-720.
74. Atwater AE. 1979. Biomechanics of overarm throwing movements and of throwing injuries. Exercise Sport Sci Rev 7:43-85.
75. Perry J. 1983. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. Clin Sports Med 2:247-270.
76. Kronberg M, Bronström L-Å, Söderlung V. 1990. Retroversion of the humeral head in the normal shoulder and its relationship to the normal range of motion. Clin Orthop Related Res 253:113-117.
77. Rhodes JA. 2006. Adaptations to humeral torsion in medieval Britain. Am J Phys Anthropol 130:160-166.
78. Ciochon RL. 1983. Hominoid cladistics and the ancestry of modern apes and humans. In: Corruccini RS, Ciochon RL, editors. New interpretations of ape and human ancestry. New York: Academic Press, p 783-843.
79. Napier JR, Napier PH. 1967. A handbook of living primates. New York: Academic Press.
80. Schultz AH. 1968. The recent hominoid primates. In: Washburn SL, Jay PC, editors. Perspectives on human evolution. New York: Holt, Rinehard, and Winston, p 122-195.
81. Andrews P, Groves CP. 1976. Gibbons and brachiation. In: Rumbaugh DM, editor. Gibbon and Siamang, vol 4. Basel: Karger. p 167-218.
82. Stern JT Jr. 2000. Climbing to the top: a personal memoir of Australopithecus afarensis. Evol Anthropol 9:113-133.
83. Darlington PJ. 1975. Group selection, altruism, reinforcement, and throwing in human evolution. Proc Nat Acad Sci 72:3748-3752.
84. Calvin WH. 1983. A stone's throw and its launch window: timing and precision and its implications for language and hominid brains. J Theor Biol 104:121-135.
85. Bingham PM. 1999. Human uniqueness: a general theory. Q Rev Biol 74:133-169.
86. Dunsworth H, Challis JH, Walker A. 2003. Throwing and bipedalism: a new look at an old idea. Cour Forsch-Inst Senckenberg 243:105-110.
87. Preuschoft H. 2004. Mechanisms for the acquisition of habitual bipedality: are there biomechanical reasons for the acquisition of upright bipedal posture. J Anat 204: 363-384.
88. Thieme H. 1997. Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany. Nature 385:807-810.
89. Carrier DR. 1984. The energetic paradox of human running and hominid evolution. Curr Anthropol 25:483-495.
90. Bramble DM, Lieberman DE. 2004. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 432:345-352.
91. Brown P, Sutikna T, Morwood MJ, Soejono RP, Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo E, Awe Due R. 2004. A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia. Nature 431:1055-1061.
92. Weber J, Czarnetzki A, Pusch CM. 2005. Comment on "The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis." Science 310:236b.
93. Jacob T, Indriati E, Soejono RP, Hsü K, Frayer DW, Eckhardt RB, Kuperavage AJ, Thorne A, Henneberg M. 2006. Pygmoid Australomelanesian Homo sapiens skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: population affinities and pathological abnormalities. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 103:13421-13426.
94. Martin RD, MacLarnon AM, Phillips JL, Dussubieux L, Williams PR, Dobyns WB. 2006. Comment on "The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis." Science 312:999b (full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5776/ 999b).
95. Martin RD, MacLarnon AM, Phillips JL, Dobyns WB. 2006. Flores hominid: new species or microcephalic dwarf? Anat Rec 288A:1123-1145.
96. Richards GD. 2006. Genetic, physiologic and ecogeographic factors contributing to variation in Homo sapiens: Homo floresiensis reconsidered. J Evol Biol 19:1744-1767.
97. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Brown P, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Brunsden B, Prior F. 2005. The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis. Science 308:242-245.
98. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Brunsden B, Prior F. 2005. Response to comment on "The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis." Science 310:236c.
99. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Brunsden B, Prior F. 2006. Response to comment on "The brain of LB1, Homo floresiensis." Science 312:999c (full text: www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/312/5776/999c).
100. Falk D, Hildebolt C, Smith K, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Imhof H, Seidler H, Prior F. 2007. Brain shape in human microcephalics and Homo floresiensis. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104:2513-2518.
101. Zumwalt A. 2006. The effect of endurance exercise on the morphology of muscle attachment sites. J Exp Biol 209:444-454.
102. Larson SG, Jungers WL, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Due RA, Djubiantono T. 2007. Misconceptions about the postcranial skeleton of Homo floresiensis. Am J Phys Anthropol S44:151.
103. Jungers WL, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Awe Due R, Djubiantono T, Morwood M. 2006. Body size and shape in Homo floresiensis and pygmy humans. African genesis: a symposium on hominid evolution in Africa, p 14.
104. Hershkovitz I, Kornreich L, Laron Z. 2007. Comparative skeletal features between Homo floresiensis and patients with primary growth hormone insensitivity (Laron Syndrome). Am J Phys Anthropol 134:198-208.
105. Laron Z. 2004. Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone resistance or insensitivity): the personal experience 1958-2003. J Clin Endocrin Metab 89:1031-1044.
106. Jungers WL, Larson SG, Harcourt-Smith W, Morwood MJ, Sutikna T, Due RA, Djubiantono T. n.d. Descriptions of the lower limb skeleton of Homo floresiensis. J Hum Evol. Submitted.
107. Argue D, Donlon D, Groves C, Wright R. 2006. Homo floresiensis: microcephalic, pygmoid, Australopithecus, or Homo? J Hum Evol 51:360-374.
108. Tocheri MW, Orr CM, Larson SG, Sutikna T, Jatmiko, Saptomo EW, Due RA, Djubiantono T, Morwood MJ, Jungers WL. 2007. The primitive wrist of Homo floresiensis and its implications for hominin evolution. Science. 317:1743-1745.
109. Gundling T. 2007. The taxonomy of the Flores hominin: an historical perspective. Am J Phys Anthropol 44(suppl):122.
110. Mivart St G. 1868. On the appendicular skeleton of the primates. Philos Trans R Soc London 157:299-426.
111. Angel JL, Kelley JO. 1986. Description and comparison of the skeleton. In: Wendorf F, Schild, R, editors. The Wadi Kubbaniya skeleton: a late Paleolithic burial from Southern Egypt. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, p 53-70.
112. Sladek V, Trinkuas E, Hillson SW, Holliday TW. 2000. The people of the Pavlovian: skeletal catalogue and osteometries of the Gravettian fossil hominids from Dolní Věstonice and Pavlov. Brno: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
113. McCown TD, Keith A. 1939. The Stone Age of Mount Carmel: the fossil human remains from the Levalloiso-Mousterian. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
114. Harrison T. 1986. A reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of Oreopithecus bambolii Gervais. J Hum Evol 15:541-583.
115. Lordkipanidze D, Jashashvili T, Vekua A, Ponce de Leon MS, Zollikofer CPE, Rightmire GP, Pontzer H, Ferring R, Oms O, Tappen M, Bukhsianidze M, Agusti J, Kahlke R, Kiladze G, Martinez-Navarro B, Mouskhelishvilli A, Nioradze M, Rook L. 2007. Postcranial evidence from early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia. Nature 449:305-309.