What influences visual search efficiency? Disentangling contributions of preattentive and postattentive processes

Perception and Psychophysics

Volumn 69, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1105-1116

  Smilek, Daniel ^a   Frischen, Alexandra ^b   Reynolds, Michael G ^c   Gerritsen, Cory ^d   Eastwood, John D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c TRENT UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 36148992224     PISSN: 00315117     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03193948     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. DUNCAN, J., & HUMPHREYS, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433-458.
2. EASTWOOD, J. D., SMILEK, D., & MERIKLE, P. M. (2001). Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception & Psychophysics, 63, 1004-1013.
3. EASTWOOD, J. D., SMILEK, D., OAKMAN, J. M., FARVOLDEN, P., VAN AMERINGEN, M., MANCINI, C., & MERIKLE, P. M. (2005). Individuals with social phobia are biased to become aware of negative faces. Visual Cognition, 12, 159-179.
4. FINDLAY, J. M., & GILCHRIST, I. D. (2003). Active vision: The psychology of looking and seeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. FOX, E., LESTER, V., RUSSO, R., BOWLES, R. J., PICHLER, A., & DUTTON, K. (2000). Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition & Emotion, 14, 61-92.
6. GILCHRIST, I. D., NORTH, A., & HOOD, B. (2001). Is visual search really like foraging? Perception, 30, 1459-1464.
7. HANSEN, C. H., & HANSEN, R. D. (1988). Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54, 917-924.
8. KINGSTONE, A., SMILEK, D., BIRMINGHAM, E., CAMERON, D., & BISCHOF, W. F. (2005). Cognitive ethology: Giving real life to attention research. In J. Duncan, L. Phillips, & P. McLeod (Eds.), Measuring the mind: Speed, control, and age (pp. 341-358). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. KINGSTONE, A., SMILEK, D., RISTIC, J., FRIESEN, C. K., & EASTWOOD, J. D. (2003). Attention researchers! It's time to take a look at the real world. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 176-184.
10. KIROUAC, G., & DORÉ, F. Y. (1983). Accuracy and latency of judgment of facial expressions of emotions. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 57, 683-686.
11. KIROUAC, G., & DORÉ, E. Y. (1984). Judgment of facial expressions of emotion as a function of exposure time. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 59, 147-150.
12. MANDAL, M. K., & PALCHOUDHURY, S. (1985). Perceptual skill in decoding facial affect. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 60, 96-98.
13. MCANDREW, F. T. (1986). A cross-cultural study of recognition thresholds for facial expression of emotion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17, 211-224.
14. MCCONKIE, G. W., & RAYNER, K. (1975). The span of the effective stimulus during a fixation in reading. Perception & Psychophysics, 17, 578-586.
15. ÖHMAN, A., LUNDQVIST, D., & ESTEVES, F. (2001). The face in the crowd revisited: A threat advantage with schematic stimuli. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 80, 381-396.
16. POSNER, M. I., RAFAL, R. D., CHOATE, L. S., & VAUGHAN, J. (1985). Inhibition of return: Neural basis and function. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2, 211-228.
17. RAYNER, K. (1995). Eye movements and cognitive processes in reading, visual search, and scene perception. In J. M. Findlay, R. Walker, & R. W. Kentridge (Eds.), Eye movement research: Mechanisms, processes and applications (pp. 3-22). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
18. RAYNER, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372-422.
19. RAYNER, K., & FISHER, D. L. (1987). Letter processing during eye fixations in visual search. Perception & Psychophysics, 42, 87-100.
20. SMILEK, D., BIRMINGHAM, E., CAMERON, D., BISCHOF, W., & KINGSTONE, A. (2006). Cognitive ethology and exploring attention in real-world scenes. Brain Research, 1080, 101-119.
21. STALANS, L., & WEDDING, D. (1985). Superiority of the left hemisphere in the recognition of emotional faces. International Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 219-223.
22. SUZUKI, S., & CAVANAGH, P. (1995). Facial organization blocks access to low-level feature: An object-inferiority effect Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 21, 901-913.
23. THOMAS, L. E., AMBINDER, M. S., HSIEH, B., LEVINTHAL, B., CROWELL, J. A., IRWIN, D. E., ET AL. (2006). Fruitful visual search: Inhibition of return in a virtual foraging task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 891-895.
24. TONG, F., & NAKAYAMA, K. (1999). Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 1016-1035.
25. TREISMAN, A. (1988). Features and objects: Fourteenth Bartlett Memorial Lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40A, 201-237.
26. TREISMAN, A. (1991). Search, similarity, and integration of features between and within dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 17, 652-676.
27. TREISMAN, A., & GELADE, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
28. TREISMAN, A., SYKES, M., & GELADE, G. (1977). Selective attention and stimulus integration. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance VI (pp. 333-361). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
29. VAN DIEPEN, P. M. J., & D'YDEWALLE, G. (2003). Early peripheral and foveal processing in fixations during scene perception. Visual Cognition, 10, 79-100.
30. VAN SELST, M., & JOLICŒUR, P. (1994). A solution to the effect of sample size on outlier elimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A, 631-650.
31. VON GRÜNAU, M., & ANSTON, C. (1995). The detection of gaze direction: A stare-in-the-crowd effect Perception, 24, 1297-1313.
32. WILLIAMS, M. A., MOSS, S. A., BRADSHAW, J. L., & MATTINGLEY, J. B. (2005). Look at me, I'm smiling: Visual search for threatening and nonthreatening facial expressions. Visual Cognition, 12, 29-50.
33. WOLFE, J. M. (1994). Guided Search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 202-238.
34. WOLFE, J. M. (1998). What can 1 million trials tell us about visual search? Psychological Science, 9, 33-39.
35. WOLFE, J. M., & HOROWITZ, T. S. (2004). What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 495-501.