Authoritarian institutions and the survival of autocrats

Comparative Political Studies

Volumn 40, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 1279-1301

  Gandhi, Jennifer ^a   Przeworski, Adam ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Authoritarianism; Autocracy; Dictatorship; Leaders; Survival

Indexed keywords

EID: 36148989126     PISSN: 00104140     EISSN: 15523829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0010414007305817     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Banks, A. (1996). Cross-national time-series data archive. Binghamton: Center for Social Analysis, State University of New York.
2. Banks, A., Day, A., & Muller, T. (1973 - 1997). Political handbook of the world. Binghamton: Center for Social Analysis, State University of New York.
3. Barros, R. (2002). Constitutionalism and dictatorship: Pinochet, the Junta, and the 1980 constitution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Beck, T., Clarke, G., Groff, A., Keefer, P., & Walsh, P. (2000). The database of political institutions. Washington, DC: World Bank.
5. Bienen, H. (1970). Tanzania: Party transformation and economic development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Bienen, H., & van de Walle, N. (1991). Of time and power: Leadership duration in the modern world. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
7. Bratton, M., & van de Walle, N. (1997). Democratic experiments in Africa: Regime transitions in comparative perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Brownlee, J. (2004). Ruling parties and durable authoritarianism. Unpublished manuscript. Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law Working Paper, Stanford University.
9. Bueno de Mesquita, B., Morrow, B., Siverson, R., & Smith, A. (1999). Policy failure and political survival: The contribution of political institutions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 43, 147-161.
10. Cardoso, F.H. (1979). On the characterization of authoritarian regimes in Latin America. In D. Collier (Ed.), The new authoritarianism in Latin America (pp. 33-60). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
11. Cardoso, F.H., & Faletto, E. (1978). Dependency and development in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. Castaeda, J. (2000). Perpetuating power: How Mexican presidents were chosen. New York: New Press.
13. Cheibub, J.A., & Gandhi, J. (2004, April). Classifying political regimes: A six-fold measure of democracies and dictatorships. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.
14. Collier, R.B. (1982). Regimes in tropical Africa: Changing forms of supremacy, 1945-1975. Berkeley: University of California Press.
15. Di Tella, T. (1993). Historia de los partidos politicos en Amrica Latina, Siglo XX. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Econmica.
16. Duverger, M. (1969). Political parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state. London: Methuen.
17. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.-a). International natural gas production tables. Retrieved June 2003 from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ international/gasproduction.html
18. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.-b). International petroleum (oil) production tables. Retrieved June 2003 from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ international/oilproduction.html
19. Finer, S. (1976). The man on horseback: The role of the military in politics. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
20. Fontana, A.M. (1987). Political decision-making by a military corporation: Argentina 1976-1983. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
21. Friedrich, C., & Brzezinski, Z. (1961). Totalitarian dictatorship and autocracy. New York: Praeger.
22. Gandhi, J., Gochal, J., & Saiegh, S. (2003, April). Governments' legislative defeats under dictatorship. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
23. Gandhi, J., & Przeworski, A. (2006). Cooperation, cooptation, and rebellion under dictatorships. Economics and Politics, 18, 1-26.
24. Garci Mrquez, G. (1976). The autumn of the patriarch. New York: Harper & Row.
25. Geddes, B. (1999). What do we know about democratization after twenty years? Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 115-144.
26. Gershenson, D., & Grossman, H. (2001). Cooption and repression in the Soviet Union. Economics and Politics, 13, 31-47.
27. Huntington, S. (1968). Political order in changing societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
28. Huntington, S., & Moore, C. (Eds.). (1970). Authoritarian politics in modern society: The dynamics of established one-party systems. New York: Basic Books.
29. International Monetary Fund. (1999). World economic outlook. Washington, DC: Author.
30. Jackson, R., & Rosberg, C. (1982). Personal rule in Black Africa: Prince, autocrat, prophet, tyrant. Berkeley: University of California Press.
31. Jackson, R., & Rosberg, C. (1984). Personal rule: Theory and practice in Africa. Comparative Politics, 16 (4). 421-442.
32. Kalyvas, S. (1999). The decay and breakdown of Communist one-party systems. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 323-343.
33. Kapucinski, R. (1983). The emperor: Downfall of an autocrat. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
34. Karl, T.L. (1997). The paradox of plenty: Oil booms and petro-states. Berkeley: University of California Press.
35. Lenin, V. (1921). Preliminary draft resolution of the Tenth Congress of the R.C.P. on the syndicalist and anarchist deviation in our party. Retrieved June 2003 from http://marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1921/10thcong/ch04.htm
36. Lentz, H., III (1994). Heads of states and governments: A worldwide encyclopedia of over 2,300 leaders, 1945 through 1992. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
37. Levi, M. (1988). Of rule and revenue. Berkeley: University of California Press.
38. Levitsky, S., & Way, L. (2002). The rise of competitive authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy, 13 (2). 51-65.
39. Linz, J. (1973). Opposition to and under an authoritarian regime: The case of Spain. In R. Dahl (Ed.), Regimes and oppositions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
40. Mbaku, J.M., & Ihonvbere, J.O. (1998). Multiparty democracy and political change: Constraints to democratization in Africa. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
41. McDonald, R., & Ruhl, J.M. (1989). Party politics and elections in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview.
42. McGuire, M., & Olson, M. (1996). The economics of autocracy and majority rule: The invisible hand and the use of force. Journal of Economic Literature, 34, 72-96.
43. Needler, M. (1964). Anatomy of a coup d'etat: Ecuador 1963. Washington, DC: Institute for the Comparative Study of Political Systems.
44. Nohlen, D., Krennerich, M., & Thibaut, B. (1999). Elections in Africa: A data handbook. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
45. Nordlinger, E. (1977). Soldiers in politics: Military coups and governments. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
46. O'Donnell, G. (1973). Modernization and bureaucratic-authoritarianism: Studies in South American politics. Berkeley, CA: Institute of International Studies.
47. Perlmutter, A. (1977). The military and politics in modern times: On professionals, pretorians, and revolutionary soldiers. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
48. Przeworski, A., Alvarez, M., Cheibub, J.A., & Limongi, F. (2000). Democracy and development: Political institutions and well-being in the world, 1950-1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.
49. Robinson, J. (2000). When is a state predatory? Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
50. Rolicki, J. (1990). Edward Gierek: Przerwana Dekada [Edward Gierek: An interrupted decade]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo FAKT.
51. Ross, M. (2001). Does oil hinder democracy? World Politics, 53 (3). 325-361.
52. Schedler, A. (Ed.). (2006). Electoral authoritarianism: The dynamics of unfree competition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
53. Schwedler, J. (2006). Faith in moderation: Islamist parties in Jordan and Yemen. New York: Cambridge University Press.
54. Slater, D. (2003). Iron cage in an iron fist: Authoritarian institutions and the personalization of power in Malaysia. Comparative Politics, 36 (1). 81-101.
55. Smith, B. (2005). Life of the party: The origins of regime breakdown and persistence under single-party rule. World Politics, 57 (3). 421-451.
56. Tachau, F. (1994). Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
57. Vargas Llosa, M. (2001). The feast of the goat. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
58. Wantchekon, L. (2002). Why do resource abundant countries have authoritarian governments? Journal of African Finance and Economic Development, 5, 57-77.
59. Wintrobe, R. (1998). The political economy of dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.
60. World Bank. (2000). 2000 world development indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.
61. Zrate, R. (n.d.). World political leaders, 1945-2005. Retrieved June 2003 from http://www.terra.es/personal2/monolith/00index.htm
62. Zeldin, T. (1971). The political system of Napoleon III. New York: Norton.
63. Zolberg, A. (1969). One-party government in the Ivory Coast. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.