Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: Emerging understanding of a potential precursor condition

British Journal of Haematology

Volumn 139, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 663-671

  McMaster, Mary L ^a   Caporaso, Neil ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis; Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; Multiple myeloma; Waldenstr m macroglobulinemia

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN M;

CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL FEATURE; FAMILY STUDY; HUMAN; LYMPHOCYTOSIS; LYMPHOMA; MONOCLONAL B CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS; MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WALDENSTROEM MACROGLOBULINEMIA;

FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; LEUKEMIA, LYMPHOCYTIC, CHRONIC, B-CELL; MALE; MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES, BENIGN; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; PEDIGREE; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS; WALDENSTROM MACROGLOBULINEMIA;

EID: 36148942151     PISSN: 00071048     EISSN: 13652141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06845.x     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Ackroyd, S., O'Connor, S.J. Owen, R.G. (2005) Rarity of IgH translocations in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 163, 77 80.
2. Adams, R.A., Smith, L. Pickering, P.E. (1984) The incidence of monoclonal proteins during 7 years of screening in a District General Hospital. Immunology, 51, 451 454.
3. Aguzzi, F., Bergami, M.R., Gasparro, C., Bellotti, V. Merlini, G. (1992) Occurrence of monoclonal components in general practice: clinical implications. European Journal of Haematology, 48, 192 195.
4. Altieri, A., Bermejo, J.L. Hemminki, K. (2005) Familial aggregation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other neoplasms. Leukemia, 19, 2342 2343.
5. Anagnostopoulos, A., Evangelopoulou, A., Sotou, D., Gika, D., Mitsibounas, D. Dimopoulos, M.A. (2002) Incidence and evolution of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in Greece. Annals of Hematology, 81, 357 361.
6. Anderson, R.E., Ishida, K., Li, Y., Ishimaru, T. Nishiyama, H. (1970) Geographic aspects of malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Select comparisons involving Japan, England and the United States. American Journal of Pathology, 61, 85 97.
7. Axelsson, U., Bachmann, R. Hällén, J. (1966) Frequency of pathological proteins (M-components) in 6995 sera from an adult population. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 179, 235 247.
8. Baldini, L., Goldaniga, M., Guffanti, A., Broglia, C., Cortelazzo, S., Rossi, A., Morra, E., Colombi, M., Callea, V., Pogliani, E., Ilariucci, F., Luminari, S., Morel, P., Merlini, G. Gobbi, P. (2005) Immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance and indolent Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia recognize the same determinants of evolution into symptomatic lymphoid disorders: proposal for a common prognostic scoring system. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 4662 4668.
9. Beaume, A., Brizard, A., Dreyfus, B. Preud'homme, J.L. (1994) High incidence of serum monoclonal Igs detected by a sensitive immunoblotting technique in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood, 84, 1216 1219.
10. Berger, F., Isaacson, P.G., Piris, M.A., Harris, N.L., Müller-Hermelink, H.K., Nathwani, B.N. Swerdlow, S.H. (2001) Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia. In : Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (ed. by E.S. Jaffe, N.L. Harris, H. Stein J.W. Vardiman pp. 132 134. IARC Press, Lyon.
11. Blair, A., Purdue, M.P., Weisenburger, D.D. Baris, D. (2007) Chemical exposures and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. British Journal of Haematology, 139, 753 761.
12. Brown, L.M., Linet, M.S., Greenberg, R.S., Silverman, D.T., Hayes, R.B., Swanson, G.M., Schwartz, A.G., Schoenberg, J.B., Pottern, L.M. Fraumeni, Jr., J.F. (1999) Multiple myeloma and family history of cancer among blacks and whites in the U.S. Cancer, 85, 2385 2390.
13. Chng, W.J., Schop, R.F., Price-Troska, T., Ghobrial, I., Kay, N., Jelinek, D.F., Gertz, M.A., Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M., Kyle, R.A., Greipp, P.R., Tschumper, R.C., Fonseca, R. Bergsagel, P.L. (2006) Gene-expression profiling of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia reveals a phenotype more similar to chronic lymphocytic leukemia than multiple myeloma. Blood, 108, 2755 2763.
14. Cohen, H.J., Crawford, J., Rao, M.K., Pieper, C.F. Currie, M.S. (1998) Racial differences in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy in a community-based sample of the elderly. American Journal of Medicine, 104, 439 444.
15. Crawford, J., Eye, M.K. Cohen, H.J. (1987) Evaluation of monoclonal gammopathies in the "well" elderly. American Journal of Medicine, 82, 39 45.
16. Dawson, A.A. Ogston, D. (1973) High incidence of myelomatosis in North-East Scotland. Scottish Medical Journal, 18, 75 77.
17. Dimopoulos, M.A., Kyle, R.A., Anagnostopoulos, A. Treon, S.P. (2005) Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 1564 1577.
18. Dohner, H., Stilgenbauer, S., Benner, A., Leupolt, E., Krober, A., Bullinger, L., Dohner, K., Bentz, M. Lichter, P. (2000) Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 343, 1910 1916.
19. Goldin, L.R., Pfeiffer, R.M., Li, X.J. Hemminki, K. (2004a) Familial risk of lymphoproliferative tumors in families of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Blood, 104, 1850 1854.
20. Goldin, L.R., Pfeiffer, R.M., Gridley, G., Gail, M.H., Li, X.J., Mellemkjaer, L., Olsen, J.H., Hemminki, K. Linet, M.S. (2004b) Familial aggregation of Hodgkin lymphoma and related tumors. Cancer, 100, 1902 1908.
21. Groves, F.D., Travis, L.B., Devesa, S.S., Ries, L.A.G. Fraumeni, Jr., J.F. (1998) Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. Cancer, 82, 1078 1081.
22. Grulich, A.E. Vajdic, C.M. (2005) The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pathology, 37, 409 419.
23. Gutierrez, N.C., Ocio, E.M., de Las, R.J., Maiso, P., Delgado, M., Ferminan, E., Arcos, M.J., Sanchez, M.L., Hernandez, J.M. San Miguel, J.F. (2007) Gene expression profiling of B lymphocytes and plasma cells from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: comparison with expression patterns of the same cell counterparts from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma and normal individuals. Leukemia, 21, 541 549.
24. Hallen, J. (1963) Frequency of "abnormal" serum globulins (M-components) in the aged. Acta Medica Scandinavica 173, 737 744.
25. Herrinton, L.J., Weiss, N.S. Olshan, A.F. (1996) Multiple myeloma. In : Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (ed. by D. Schottenfeld J. F. Fraumeni Jr. pp. 946 970. Oxford University Press, New York.
26. Hideshima, T., Bergsagel, P.L., Kuehl, W.M. Anderson, K.C. (2004) Advances in biology of multiple myeloma: clinical applications. Blood, 104, 607 618.
27. Hurez, D., Youinou, P., Gombert, J. Preud'homme, J.L. (1985) Survey of monoclonal gammopathy in western France: incidence and unexpected high frequency of IgM. Immunology, 56, 557 560.
28. Ichimaru, M., Ishimaru, T., Mikami, M. Matsunaga, M. (1982) Multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-76: relationship to radiation dose absorbed by marrow. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 69, 323 328.
29. Ishibe, N., Sgambati, M.T., Fontaine, L., Goldin, L.R., Jain, N., Weissman, N., Marti, G.E. Caporaso, N.E. (2001) Clinical characteristics of familial B-CLL in the National Cancer Institute Familial Registry. Leukemia & Lymphoma, 42, 99 108.
30. James, J.M., Brouet, J.C., Orvoenfrija, E., Capron, F., Brechot, J., Danon, F., Diebold, J., Rochemaure, J. Zittoun, R. (1987) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia in a bird breeder: a case history with pulmonary involvement and antibody activity of the monoclonal IgM to canary's droppings. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 68, 397 401.
31. Kuehl, W.M. Bergsagel, P.L. (2002) Multiple myeloma: evolving genetic events and host interactions. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 2, 175 187.
32. Kyle, R.A. Rajkumar, S.V. (2006) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. British Journal of Haematology, 134, 573 589.
33. Kyle, R.A. Rajkumar, S.V. (2007) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering multiple myeloma: emphasis on risk factors for progression. British Journal of Haematology, 139, 730 743.
34. Kyle, R.A., Therneau, T.M., Rajkumar, S.V., Offord, J.R., Larson, D.R., Plevak, M.F. Melton, L. (2002) A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. New England Journal of Medicine, 346, 564 569.
35. Kyle, R.A., Therneau, T.M., Rajkumar, S.V., Remstein, E.D., Offord, J.R., Larson, D.R., Plevak, M.F. Melton, L.J. (2003) Long-term follow-up of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood, 102, 3759 3764.
36. Landgren, O. Kyle, R.A. (2007) Multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and associated precursor states. British Journal of Haematology, 139, 717 723.
37. Landgren, O., Linet, M.S., McMaster, M.L., Gridley, G., Hemminki, K. Goldin, L.R. (2006a) Familial characteristics of autoimmune and hematologic disorders in 8,406 multiple myeloma patients: a population-based case-control study. International Journal of Cancer, 118, 3095 3098.
38. Landgren, O., Gridley, G., Turesson, I., Caporaso, N.E., Goldin, L.R., Baris, D., Fears, T.R., Hoover, R.N. Linet, M.S. (2006b) Risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and subsequent multiple myeloma among African American and white veterans in the United States. Blood, 107, 904 906.
39. Landgren, O., Katzmann, J.A., Hsing, A.W., Pfeiffer, R.M., Kyle, R.A., Yeboah, E.D., Biritwum, R.B., Tettey, Y., Adjei, A.A., Larson, D.R., Dispenzieri, A., Melton, III., L.J., Goldin, L.R., McMaster, M.L., Caporaso, N.E. Rajkumar, S.V. (2007) Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among adult males in Ghana. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, in press.
40. Linet, M.S., Humphrey, R.L., Mehl, E.S., Brown, L.M., Pottern, L.M., Bias, W.B. McCaffrey, L. (1993) A case-control and family study of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Leukemia, 7, 1363 1369.
41. Lolin, Y.I., Chow, J. Wickham, N.W. (1996) Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and malignant paraproteinemia in Hong Kong. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 106, 449 456.
42. Marti, G.E., Rawstron, A.C., Ghia, P., Hillmen, P., Houlston, R.S., Kay, N., Schleinitz, T.A. Caporaso, N. (2005) Diagnostic criteria for monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. British Journal of Haematology, 130, 325 332.
43. McMaster, M.L. (2003) Familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Seminars in Oncology, 30, 146 152.
44. McMaster, M.L., Giambarresi, T., Vasquez, L., Goldstein, A.M. Tucker, M.A. (2005) Cytogenetics of familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: in pursuit of an understanding of genetic predisposition. Clinical Lymphoma, 5, 230 234.
45. McMaster, M.L., Goldin, L.R., Bai, Y., Ter-Minassian, M., Boehringer, S., Giambarresi, T.R., Vasquez, L.G. Tucker, M.A. (2006) Genomewide linkage screen for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia susceptibility loci in high-risk families. American Journal of Human Genetics, 79, 695 701.
46. McMaster, M.L., Csako, G., Giambarresi, T.R., Vasquez, L., Berg, M., Saddlemire, S., Hulley, B. Tucker, M.A. (2007) Long-term evaluation of three multiple-case Waldenström macroglobulinemia families. Clinical Cancer Research, 13, 5063 5069.
47. Montoto, S., Rozman, M., Rosinol, L., Nadal, E., Gine, E., Aymerich, M., Ferrer, A., Esteve, J., Bosch, F., Lopez-Guillermo, A., Blade, J. Montserrat, E. (2003) Malignant transformation in IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Seminars in Oncology, 30, 178 181.
48. Müller-Hermelink, H.K., Catovsky, D., Montserrat, E. Harris, N.L. (2001) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. In : Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (ed. by E.S. Jaffe, N.L. Harris, H. Stein J.W. Vardiman pp. 127 130. IARC Press, Lyons.
49. Noel, P. Kyle, R.A. (1987) Monoclonal proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 87, 385 388.
50. Owen, R.G., Treon, S.P., Al Katib, A., Fonseca, R., Greipp, P.R., McMaster, M.L., Morra, E., Pangalis, G.A., San Miguel, J.F., Branagan, A.R. Dimopoulos, M.A. (2003) Clinicopathological definition of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: consensus panel recommendations from the Second International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. Seminars in Oncology, 30, 110 115.
51. Papadopoulos, N.M., Elin, R.J. Wilson, D.M. (1982) Incidence of gamma-globulin banding in a healthy population by high-resolution electrophoresis. Clinical Chemistry, 28, 707 708.
52. Pottern, L.M., Linet, M., Blair, A., Dick, F., Burmeister, L.F., Gibson, R., Schuman, L.M. Fraumeni, Jr., J.F. (1991) Familial cancers associated with subtypes of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leukemia Research, 15, 305 314.
53. Preston, D.L., Kusumi, S., Tomonaga, M., Izumi, S., Ron, E., Kuramoto, A., Kamada, N., Dohy, H., Tatsuko, M., Nonaka, H., Thompson, D.E., Soda, M. Mabuchi, K. (1994) Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part III. Leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, 1950-1987. Radiation Research, 137, S68 S97.
54. Rawstron, A.C., Yuille, M.R., Fuller, J., Cullen, M., Kennedy, B., Richards, S.J., Jack, A.S., Matutes, E., Catovsky, D., Hillmen, P. Houlston, R.S. (2002) Inherited predisposition to CLL is detectable as subclinical monoclonal B-lymphocyte expansion. Blood, 100, 2289 2290.
55. Riedel, D.A. Pottern, L.M. (1992) The epidemiology of multiple myeloma. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, 6, 225 247.
56. Ries, L.A.G., Harkins, D., Krapcho, M., Mariotto, A., Miller, B.A., Feuer, E.J., Clegg, L., Eisner, M.P., Horner, M.J., Howlader, N., Hayat, M., Hankey, B.F. Edwards, B.K.E. (2007) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
57. Ritchie, R.F. Smith, R. (1976) Immunofixation. III. Application to the study of monoclonal proteins. Clinical Chemistry, 22, 1982 1985.
58. Sahota, S.S., Forconi, F., Ottensmeier, C.H. Stevenson, F.K. (2003) Origins of the malignant clone in typical Waldenstrom's macroglobulinernia. Seminars in Oncology, 30, 136 141.
59. Saleun, J.P., Vicariot, M., Deroff, P. Morin, J.F. (1982) Monoclonal gammopathies in the adult population of Finistere, France. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 35, 63 68.
60. Schop, R.F.J., Kuehl, W.M., Van Wier, S.A., Ahmann, G.J., Price-Troska, T., Bailey, R.J., Jalal, S.M., Qi, Y., Kyle, R.A., Greipp, P.R. Fonseca, R. (2002a) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia neoplastic cells lack immunoglobulin heavy chain locus translocations but have frequent 6q deletions. Blood, 100, 2996 3001.
61. Schop, R.F.J., Jalal, S.M., Van Wier, S.A., Ahmann, G.J., Bailey, R.J., Kyle, R.A., Greipp, P.R., Rajkumar, S.V., Gertz, M.A., Lust, J.A., Lacy, M.Q., Dispenzieri, A., Witzig, T.E. Fonseca, R. (2002b) Deletions of 17p13.1 and 13q14 are uncommon in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia clonal cells and mostly seen at the time of disease progression. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 132, 55 60.
62. Schop, R.F., Van Wier, S.A., Xu, R., Ghobrial, I., Ahmann, G.J., Greipp, P.R., Kyle, R.A., Dispenzieri, A., Lacy, M.Q., Rajkumar, S.V., Gertz, M.A. Fonseca, R. (2006) 6q deletion discriminates Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia from IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 169, 150 153.
63. SEERStat. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database: Incidence - SEER 13 Regs Limited-Use, Nov 2004 Sub (1973-2002 varying DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, released April 2005, based on the November 2004 submission. 2007. Ref Type: Data File (http://www.seer.cancer.gov)
64. Sellick, G.S., Catovsky, D. Houlston, R.S. (2006) Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seminars in Oncology, 33, 195 201.
65. Shim, Y.K., Vogt, R.F., Middleton, D., Abbasi, F., Slade, B., Lee, K.Y. Marti, G.E. (2007) Prevalence and natural history of monoclonal and polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in a residential adult population. Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry, 72B, 344 353.
66. Sinclair, D., Dagg, J.H., Dewar, A.E., Mowat, A.M., Parrott, D.M., Stockdill, G. Stott, D.I. (1986a) The incidence, clonal origin and secretory nature of serum paraproteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology, 64, 725 735.
67. Sinclair, D., Sheehan, T., Parrott, D.M. Stott, D.I. (1986b) The incidence of monoclonal gammopathy in a population over 45 years old determined by isoelectric focusing. British Journal of Haematology, 64, 745 750.
68. Stilgenbauer, S., Bullinger, L., Lichter, P. Dohner, H. (2002) Genetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: genomic aberrations and V(H) gene mutation status in pathogenesis and clinical course. Leukemia, 16, 993 1007.
69. Strobel, S.L. (2003) Transient paraproteinemia: an intriguing immunological anomaly. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 33, 265 270.
70. Sun, T., Lien, Y.Y. Degnan, T. (1979) Study of gammopathies with immunofixation electrophoresis. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 72, 5 11.
71. Tepper, A. Moss, C.E. (1994) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: search for occupational exposure. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 36, 133 136.
72. Thomas, R., Ribeiro, I., Shepherd, P., Johnson, P., Cook, M., Lakhani, A., Kaczmarski, R., Carrington, P. Catovsky, D. (2002) Spontaneous clinical regression in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology, 116, 341 345.
73. Vuckovic, J., Ilic, A., Knezevic, N., Marinkovic, M., Zemunik, T. Dubravcic, M. (1997) Prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. British Journal of Haematology, 97, 649 651.
74. Waldenström, J. (1944) Incipient myelomatosis or "essential" hyperglobulinemia with fibrinogenopenia - a new syndrome? Acta Medica Scandinavica, 117, 216 247.
75. Williamson, L.M., Greaves, M., Worters, J.R., Harling, C.C. Waters, J.R. (1989) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia: three cases in shoe repairers [published erratum appears in BMJ 1989 Mar 18;298(6675):710]. BMJ, 298, 498 499.
76. Yin, C.C., Lin, P., Carney, D.A., Handy, B.C., Rassidakis, G.Z., Admirand, J.H., Keating, M.J. Medeiros, L.J. (2005) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma associated with IgM paraprotein - a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 123, 594 602.