Risk perception, fuzzy representations and comparative optimism

British Journal of Psychology

Volumn 98, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 575-587

  Brown, Stephen L ^a   Morley, Andy M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MALE; PERCEPTION; PROBABILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ADULT; AFFECT; ALCOHOL DRINKING; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; MALE; PERCEPTION; PROBABILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 36049033823     PISSN: 20448295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/000712606X169020     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl &J. Beckman (Eds.), Action-control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11-39). Heidelberg: Springer.
2. Alicke, M. D., Klotz, M. L., Breitenbecher, D. L., Yurak, T. J., & Vredenburg, D. S. (1995). Personal contact, individuation and the better than average effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 804-825.
3. Allen, J. P., Litten, R. Z., Fertig, J. B., & Babor, T. (1997). A review of research on the Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 21, 613-619.
4. Brown, S. L., & Imber, A. (2003). The effect of reducing opportunities for downward comparison on comparative optimism. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 1058-1068.
5. Brown, S. L., & Smith, E. Z. (2007). The effect of a distressing antismoking message on risk perceptions in smokers. Psychology and Health, 23, 255-268.
6. Chambers, J. R., & Windschitl, P. D. (2004). Biases in social comparative judgments: The role of nonmotivated factors in above-average and comparative-optimism effects. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 813-838.
7. Connigrave, K. M., Saunders, J. B., & Reznik, R. B. (1995). Predictive capacity of the AUDIT for alcohol-related harm. Addiction, 90, 1479-1485.
8. Das, E. H. H. J., de Wit, J. B. F., & Stroebe, W. (2003). Fear appeals motivate acceptance of action recommendations: Evidence for a positive bias in the processing of persuasive messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 650-664.
9. Floyd, D. L., Prentice-Dunn, S., & Rogers, R. W. (2000). A meta-analysis of research on protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 407-429.
10. Gerrard, M., Gibbobs, F. X., Vande Lune, L. S., Pexa, N. A., & Gano, M. L. (2002). Adolescents' substance-related risk perceptions: Antecedents, mediators and consequences. Risk, Decision and Policy, 7, 175-191.
11. Giner-Sorolla, R., & Chaiken, S. (1997). Selective use of heuristic and systematic processing under defence motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 84-97.
12. Hansen, W. B., Raynor, A. E., & Wolkenstein, B. H. (1991). Perceived personal immunity to the consequences of drinking alcohol: The relationship between behavior and perception. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14, 205-224.
13. Helweg-Larsen, M., & Shepperd, J. (2001). Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 74-95.
14. Janz, N., & Becker, M. (1984). The health-belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11, 1-47.
15. Klar, Y., Medding, A., & Sorel, D. (1996). Nonunique invulnerability: Singular versus distributional probabilities and unrealistic optimism in comparative risk judgements. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67, 229-245.
16. Klein, W. M. (1996). Maintaining self-serving social comparisons: Attenuating the perceived significance of risk-increasing behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 120-142.
17. Klein, W. M. (1997). Objective standards are not enough: Affective, self-evaluative, and behavioral responses to social comparison information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 763-774.
18. Klein, W. M., & Kunda, Z. (1993). Maintaining self-serving social comparisons: Biased reconstruction of one's past behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 732-739.
19. Knight, J. R., Wechsler, H., Kuo, M., Seibring, M., Weitzman, E. R., & Schuckit, M. A. (2002). Alcohol abuse and dependence among U.S. college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63, 263-270.
20. Kruger, J. (1999). Lake Wobegon begone! The below average effect and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 221-232.
21. Liberman, A., & Chaiken, S. (1992). Defensive processing of personally-relevant health messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 669-679.
22. Lloyd, A., Hayes, P., Bell, P. R. F., & Naylor, A. R. (2001). The role of risk and benefit perception in informed consent for surgery. Medical Decision Making, 21, 141-149.
23. Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 267-286.
24. Lundgren, S. R., & Prislin, R. (1998). Motivated cognitive processing and attitude change. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 715-726.
25. Matt, G. E., Turingan, M. R., Dinh, Q. T., Felsch, J. A., Hovell, M. F., & Gehrman, C. (2003). Improving self-reports of drug use: Numeric estimates as fuzzy sets. Addiction, 98, 1239-1247.
26. Miles, H., Winstock, A., & Strang, J. (2001). Identifying young people who drink too much: The clinical utility of the five-item alcohol use disorders test (AUDIT). Drug and Alcohol Review, 20, 9-18.
27. O'Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2002). Epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 74(Suppl.), 23-39.
28. Otten, W., & van der Pligt, J. (1996). Context effects in the measurement of comparative optimism in probability judgements. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 80-101.
29. Pechmann, C. (1997). Does antismoking advertising prevent underage smoking? A review of past practises and research. In M. E. Goldberg, M. Fishbein, & S. E. Middlestadt (Eds.), Social marketing: Theoretical and practical perspectives. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1114.
31. Regan, P. C., Snyder, M., & Kassin, S. M. (1995). Unrealistic optimism: Self-enhancement or person positivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 1073-1082.
32. Reniscow, K., Dilorio, C., Soet, J. E., Borrelli, B., Hecht, J., & Ernst, D. (2002). Motivational interviewing in health promotion: It sounds like something is changing. Health Psychology, 21, 444-451.
33. Reyna, V. F. (2004). How people make decisions that involve risk: A dual-process approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 60-66.
34. Reyna, V. F., & Adam, M. B. (2003). Fuzzy-trace theory, risk communication and product labeling in sexually transmitted diseases. Risk Analysis, 23, 325-342.
35. Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1991). Fuzzy trace theory and framing effects in choice: Gist extraction, truncation and conversion. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 4, 249-262.
36. Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (1995). Fuzzy trace theory: An interim synthesis. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 1-75.
37. Reyna, V. F., Lloyd, F. J., & Brainerd, C. J. (2003). Memory, development and rationality: An integrative theory of judgement and decision-making. In S. Schneider & J. Shaanteau (Eds.), Emerging perspectives on judgement and decision research (pp. 201-245). New York: Cambridge University Press.
38. Schneider, S. (2001). In search of realistic optimism. American Psychologist, 56, 250-263.
39. Schwarzer, R. (1999). Self-regulatory processes in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: The role of optimism goals and threats. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 115-127.
40. Stone, E. R., Yates, F., & Parker, A. M. (1994). Risk communication: Absolute versus relative expressions of low-probability risks. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 60, 387-408.
41. Stone, E. R., Yates, J. F., & Parker, A. M. (1997). Effects of numerical and graphical displays on professed risk-taking behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 3, 243-256.
42. Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 805-820.
43. Weinstein, N. D. (1982). Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 441-460.
44. Weinstein, N. D. (1988). The precaution adoption process. Health Psychology, 7, 355-386.
45. Yaniv, I., & Foster, D. P. (1995). Graininess of judgement under uncertainty: An accuracy informativeness trade-off. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 424-432.