Multifactorial intervention in metabolic syndrome targeting at prevention of chronic kidney disease - Ready for prime time?

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

Volumn 22, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2768-2774

  Korantzopoulos, Panagiotis ^a   Elisaf, Moses ^a   Milionis, Haralampos J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk; Chronic kidney disease; Intensive therapy; Metabolic syndrome; Multifactorial treatment; Renal failure

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATORVASTATIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; METFORMIN; PHYTOSTEROL; STANOL ESTER;

ALBUMINURIA; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; DYSLIPIDEMIA; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MICROALBUMINURIA; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; KIDNEY FAILURE, CHRONIC; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; RISK; RISK FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 36049024934     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm525     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Haffner SM. Risk constellations in patients with the metabolic syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment patterns. Am J Med 2006; 119[5 Suppl 1]: S3-S9
2. Kahn R, Buse J, Ferrannini, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289-2304
3. Grundy SM. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1093-1100
4. Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 403-414
5. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415-1428
6. Day C. Metabolic syndrome, or what you will: definitions and epidemiology. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2007; 4: 32-38
7. Milionis HJ, Kostapanos MS, Liberopoulos EN et al. Different definitions of the metabolic syndrome and risk of first-ever acute ischaemic non-embolic stroke in elderly subjects. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61: 545-551
8. Mannucci E, Monami M, Cresci B et al. National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions of metabolic syndrome in the prediction of diabetes. Results from the FIrenze-Bagno A Ripoli study. Diabetes Obes Metab 5 April 2007; [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00724.x
9. Chen J, Munter P, Hamm L et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 167-174
10. Abrass CK. Overview: obesity: what does it have to do with kidney disease? J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2768-2772
11. Bagby SP. Obesity-initiated metabolic syndrome and kidney: a recipe for chronic kidney disease? J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2775-2791
12. Kurella M, Lo JC, Chertow GM. Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 2134-2140
13. Tanaka H, Shiohira Y, Higa A, Iseki K. Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Okinawa, Japan. Kidney Int 2006; 69: 369-374
14. Chen J, Gu D, Chen CS et al. Association between the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults. Nephrol Dial Translant 2007; 22: 1100-1106
15. Peralta CA, Kurella M, Lo JC, Chertow GM. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15: 361-365
16. Locatelli F, Pozzoni P, Del Vecchio L. Renal manifestations in the metabolic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: S81-S85
17. Sowers JR. Metabolic risk factors and renal disease. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 719-720
18. Sarafidis PA, Ruilope LM. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and renal injury: mechanisms and implications. Am J Nephrol 2006; 26: 232-242
19. Sedor JR, Schelling JR. Association of metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic patients with increased risk for chronic kidney disease: the fat lady sings. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 1880-1882
20. Iseki K, Ikemiya Y, Kinjo K et al. Body mass index and the risk of development of end-stage renal disease in a screened cohort. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 1870-1876
21. Hsu CY, McCullock CE, Iribarren C et al. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144: 21-28
22. Bochud M, Nussberger J, Bovet P et al. Plasma aldosterone is independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2006; 48: 239-245
23. Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Grim CE et al. Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in blacks. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1-8
24. Egan BM, Papademetriou V, Wofford M et al. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the TROPHY sub-study: contrasting views in patients with high-normal blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18: 3-12
25. Colussi G, Catena C, Lapenna R, Nadalini E, Chiuch A, Sechi LA. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are related to plasma aldosterone levels in hypertensive patients. Diabetes Care 15 June 2007; [Epub ahead of print]; dc07-0525v1-0
26. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Egan BM, Campbell WB, Nithipatikom K. Epoxy-ketoderivative of linoleic acid stimulates aldosterone secretion. Hypertension 2004; 43: 358-363
27. Fujita T. Spotlight on renin. The renin system, salt-sensitivity and metabolic syndrome. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2006; 7: 181-183
28. Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A et al. Predictors of progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int 1997; 51: 1908-1919
29. Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC, Eckfeldt J, Klag MJ. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 293-301
30. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1296-305
31. Vanholder R, Massy Z, Argiles A et al. Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nephrol Dial Translant 2005; 20: 1048-1056
32. Van Biesen W, Bacquer DD, Verbeke F et al. The glomerular filtration rate in an apparently healthy population and its relation with cardiovascular mortality during 10 years. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 478-483
33. Fort J. Chronic renal failure: a cardiovascular risk factor. Kidney Int 2005; 68: S25-S29
34. Shoji T, Nishizawa Y. Chronic kidney disease as a metabolic syndrome with malnutrition - need for strict control of risk factors. Intern Med 2005; 44: 179-187
35. Wyatt SB, Winters KP, Dubbert PM. Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem. Am J Med Sci 2006; 331: 166-174
36. Bray GA, Bellanger T. Epidemiology, trends, and morbidities of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Endocrine 2006; 29: 109-117
37. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Didangelos TP et al. Effect of multifactorial treatment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome: a randomised study. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22: 873-883
38. Gaede P, Pedersen O. Intensive integrated therapy of type 2 diabetes: implications for long-term prognosis. Diabetes 2004; 53 [Suppl 3]: S39-S47
39. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 383-393
40. Rosenson RS, Reasner CA. Therapeutic approaches in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Cardiol 2004; 19: 480-487
41. Chagnac A, Weistein T, Herman M, Hirsh J, Gafter U, Ori Y. The effects of weight loss on renal function in patients with severe obesity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 1480-1486
42. Tran HA. Reversible obesity-related glomerulopathy following weight reduction. Med J Aust 2006; 184: 367
43. Navarro-Diaz M, Serra A, Romero R et al. Effect of drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery on renal parameters in extremely obese patients: long-term follow-up. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: S213-S217
44. Hallan S, de Mutsert R, Carlsen S, Dekker FW, Aasarod K, Holmen J. Obesity, smoking and physical inactivity as risk factors for CKD: are men more vulnerable? Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47: 396-405
45. Finkelstein J, Joshi A, Hise MK. Association of physical activity and renal function in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome: a review of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48: 372-382
46. Casas JP, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S et al. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366: 2026-2033
47. Schmieder RE, Hilgers KF, Schlaich MP, Schmidt BM. Renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular risk. Lancet 2007; 369: 1208-1219
48. Garcia-Donaire JA, Segura J, Ruilope LM. Clinical trials in nephrology: success or failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2007; 16: 59-63
49. Holstein A, Stumvoll M. Contraindications can damage your health-is metformin a case in point? Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2454-2459
50. Warren RE, Strachan MW, Wild S, McKnight JA. Introducing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) into clinical practice in the UK: implications for the use of metformin. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 494-497
51. Giannini S, Serio M, Galli A. Pleiotropic effects of thiazolidinediones: taking a look beyond antidiabetic activity. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 27: 982-991
52. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside. Kidney Int 2006; 70: 1223-1233
53. Shepherd J. Who should receive a statin these days? Lessons from recent clinical trials. J Intern Med 2006; 260: 305-319
54. Girman CJ, Rhodes T, Mercuri M et al. for the 4S Group and the AFCAPS/TexCAPS Research Group. The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 136-141
55. Deedwania P, Barter P, Carmera R et al. Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Treating to New Targets study. Lancet 2006; 368: 919-928
56. Almuti K, Rimawi R, Spevack D, Ostfeld RJ. Effects os statins beyond lipid lowering: potential for clinical benefits. Int J Cardiol 2006; 109: 7-15
57. Milionis HJ, Liberopoulos EN, Achimastos A, Elisaf MS, Mikhailidis DP. Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents? J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20: 320-335
58. Strazzullo P, Kerry SM, Barbato A, Versiero M, D'Elia L, Cappuccio FP. Do statins reduce blood pressure? A metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials. Hypertension 2007; 49: 792-798
59. Tonelli M. Do statins protect the kidney by reducing proteinuria? Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 147-149
60. Sandhu S, Wiebe N, Fried LF, Tonelli M. Statins for improving renal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 2006-2016
61. Douglas K, O'Malley PG, Jackson JL. Meta-analysis: the effect of statins on albuminuria. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 117-124
62. Agarwal R. Effects of statins on renal function. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 748-755
63. Atthobari J, Brantsma AH, Gansevoort RT et al. The effects of statins on urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate: results from both a randomized clinical trial and an observational cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 3106-3114
64. Fried LF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BL. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int 2001; 59: 260-269
65. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Papageorgiou AA et al. The effect of statins versus untreated dyslipidemia on renal function in patients with coronary heart disease: A subgroup analysis of the Greek atorvastatin and coronary heart disease evaluation (GREACE) study. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57: 728-734
66. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Liberopoulos EN et al. Effect of statin treatment on renal function and serum uric acid levels and their relation to vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: A subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary heart disease Evaluation (GREACE) Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22: 118-127
67. Staels B, Fruchart JC. Therapeutic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Diabetes 2005; 54: 2460-2470
68. Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Ruan XZ. The PPARalpha ligand fenofibrate: meeting multiple targets in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2006; 69: 1490-1491
69. Ansquer JC, Foucher C, Rattier S, Taskinen MR, Steiner G. DAIS Investigators. Fenofibrate reduces progression to micro-albuminuria over 3 years in a placebo-controlled study in type 2 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS). Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45: 485-493
70. Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P et al. FIELD study investigators. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1849-1861
71. Tsimihodimos V, Kakafika A, Elisaf M. Fibrate treatment increase serum creatinine levels. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 1301