Ellipsometric analysis of the spectral properties and dynamic transitions of photochromic thin films

Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics

Volumn 24, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2097-2107

  Alvarez Herrero, Alberto ^a   Pardo, Rosario ^b   Zayat, Marcos ^b   Levy, David ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TÉCNICA AEROESPACIAL   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA DE MATERIALES DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DYES; ELLIPSOMETRY; LIGHT POLARIZATION; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SOL-GELS; THIN FILMS;

DYNAMIC PHOTOCHROMIC TRANSITIONS; SOLGEL PHENYL FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA THIN FILMS; STANDARD TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENTS;

PHOTOCHROMISM;

EID: 36049016231     PISSN: 07403224     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.24.002097     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. B. Van Gemert and M. P. Bergoni, "Photochromic naphthopyran compounds," U.S. patent 5,066,818 (November 19, 1991).
2. D. B. Knowles, "Photochromic naphthopyrans," U.S. patent 5,238,981 (August 24, 1993).
3. D. Levy, F. de Monte, J. M. Otón, G. Fiskman, I. Matías, P. Datta, and M. López-Amo, "Photochromic doped sol-gel materials for fiber-optic devices," J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 8, 931-935 (1997).
4. D. Levy, M. López-Amo, J. M. Otón, F. del Monte, P. Datta, and I. Matias, "Optically tunable fiber optic delay generator utilizing photochromic doped sol-gel gel-glass delay-line," J. Appl. Phys. 77, 2804-2805 (1995).
5. D. Levy, "Recent applications of photochromic sol-gel materials," Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol., Sect. A 297, 31-39 (1997).
6. O. Levi, S. Shalom, I. Benjamin, G. Perepelitsa, A. J. Agranat, R. Neumann, Y Avny, and D. Davidov, "Conjugated polymeric composites for holographic storage," Synth. Met. 102, 1178-1181 (1999).
7. V. Weiss, A. A. Friesem, and V. A. Krongauz, "Organic materials for real-time holographic recording, J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 41, 371-382 (1997).
8. X. D. Sun, X. J. Wang, W. Shan, J. J. Song, M. G. Fan, and E. T. Knobbe, "Nonlinear effects in chromophore doped sol-gel photonic materials," J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 9, 169-181 (1997).
9. P. Feneyrou, F. Soyer, P. Le Barny, E. Ishow, M. Sliwa, and J. A. Delaire, "Photochromic compounds as optical limiters in the nanosecond time range: the example of mercury dithizonate complex," Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2, 195-202 (2003).
10. K. Goudjil and R. Sandoval, "Photochromic ultraviolet light sensor and applications," Sens. Rev. 18, 176-177 (1998).
11. K. Goudjil, "Photochromic ultraviolet detector," U.S. patent 5,581,090 (December 3, 1996).
12. J. C. Crano, T. Flood, D. Knowles, A. Kumar, and B. Van Gemert, "Photochromic compounds: chemistry and application in ophthalmic lenses," Pure Appl. Chem. 68, 1395-1398 (1996).
13. C. B. McArdle, Applied Photochromic Polymer Systems, (Springer, 1992).
14. B. Van Gemert, Organic Photochromic and Thermochromic Compounds, J. C. Crano and R. Guglielmetti, eds., (Plenum, 1999), Vol. 1, Chap, 3.
15. C. J. Brinker and G. W. Sherer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing (Academic, 1990).
16. D. Levy and L. Esquivias, "Sol-gel processing of optical and electrooptical materials," Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 7, 120-129 (1995).
17. G. Philipp and H. Schmidt, "New materials for contact-lenses prepared from si-alkoxides and ti-alkoxides by the sol-gel process," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 63, 283-292 (1984).
18. D. Levy and D. Avnir, "Effects of the changes in the properties of silica cage along the gel/xerogel transition on the photochromic behavior of trapped spiropyrans," J. Phys. Chem. 92, 4734-4738 (1988).
19. D. Levy, S. Einhorn, and D. Avnir, "Applications of the sol-gel process for the preparation of photochromic information-recording materials - synthesis, properties, mechanisms," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 113, 137-145 (1989).
20. M. Zayat and D. Levy, "Photochromic naphthopyrans in sol-gel ormosil coatings," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 727-730 (2003).
21. M. Zayat, R. Pardo, and D. Levy, "The role of organic groups in ormosil matrices in the photochromism of naphthopyrans in sol-gel thin films," J. Mater. Chem. 13, 2899-2903 (2003).
22. R. Pardo, M. Zayat, and D. Levy, "The influence of sol-gel processing parameters on the photochromic spectral and dynamic behaviour of a naphthopyran dye in an ormosil coating," J. Mater. Chem. 15, 703-708 (2005).
23. R. M. Azzam and N. M. Bashara, Ellipsometry and Polarized Light (North-Holland, 1977).
24. Y. G. Mo, R. O. Dillon, and P. G. Snyder, "Spectroscopic analysis of photochromic films," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, 170-175 (1999).
25. Y. G. Mo, R. O. Dillon, and P. G. Snyder, "Visible and infrared photochromic properties of amorphous WO3-X films," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 17, 2933-2938 (1999).
26. Y. G. Mo, R. O. Dillon, P. G. Snyder, and T. E. Tiwald, "Optical properties of photochromic organic-inorganic composites," Thin Solid Films 355-356, 1-5 (1999).
27. C. Bertarelli, A. Bianco, F. D'Amore, M. C. Gallazzi, and G. Zerbi, "Effect of substitution on the change of refractive index in dithienylethenes: an ellipsometric study," Adv. Funct. Mater. 14, 357-363 (2004).
28. H. Knobloch, S. Katholy, H. Orendi, J. Hesse, D. Prescher, and L. Brehmer, "Ellipsometric studies of photochromic ultra thin polymer films," Proc. SPIE 3094, 276-280 (1997).
29. E. Ortyl, S. Kurcharski, and T. Gotszalk, "Refractive index modulation in the polyurethane films containing diazosulfonamide chromophores," Thin Solid Films 479, 288-296 (2005).
30. M. Serwadczak and S. Kurchasky, "Photochromic gratings in sol-gel hybrid materials containing cyanobenzene chromophores," J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 37, 57-62 (2006).
31. B. Paci, J. M. Nunzi, N. Sertova, and I. Petkov, "Picosecond anisotropy of the transient absorption of photochromic mercury dithizone complex in solution," J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 137, 141-144 (2000).
32. R. Jansson, S. Zangooie, T. Kugler, and H. Arwin, "Optical and microstructural characterization of thin films of photochromic fulgides," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 62, 1219-1228 (2001).
33. E. Ortyl, R. Janik, and S. Kucharski, "Methylacrylate polymers with photochromic side chains containing heterocyclic sulphonamide substituted azobenzene," Eur. Polym. J. 38, 1871-1879 (2002).
34. E. Ortyl and S. Kucharski, "Kinetics of refractive index changes in polymeric photochromic films," Macromol. Symp. 212, 321-326 (2004).
35. S. Kucharski and R. Janik, "Photochromic gratings in sol-gel films containing diazo sulphonamide chromophore," Opt. Mater. 27, 1637-1641 (2005).
36. G. E. Jellinson, Jr. and T. W. Mcomy, "Sample depolarization effects from thin films of ZnS on GaAs as measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry," Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 512-514 (1992).
37. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, 1975).
38. J. Biteau, F. Chaput, and J. P. Boilot, "Photochromism of spirooxazine-doped gels," J. Phys. Chem. 100, 9024-9031 (1996).
39. B. B. Schaudel, C. Guermeur, C. Sanchez, K. Nakatani, and J. A. Delaire, "Spirooxazine- and spiropyran-doped hybrid organic-inorganic matrices with very fast photochromic responses," J. Mater. Chem. 7, 61-65 (1997).