Gender differences in growth and nutrition in a sample of rural Ontario schoolchildren

American Journal of Human Biology

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 774-788

  Galloway, Tracey ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; IRON; PHOSPHORUS; SODIUM; TRACE ELEMENT;

ADOLESCENT; AGE; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CALCIUM INTAKE; CALORIC INTAKE; CANADA; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CHILD GROWTH; CHILD NUTRITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GRAIN; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; IRON INTAKE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEAT; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTAKE; RURAL POPULATION; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SODIUM INTAKE;

ADOLESCENT; ANTHROPOMETRY; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; MALE; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; OBESITY; ONTARIO; OVERWEIGHT; RURAL POPULATION; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 36048932293     PISSN: 10420533     EISSN: 15206300     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20637     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alaimo K, Olson CM, Frongillo EA. 2001. Low family income and food insufficiency in relation to overweight in US children: is there a paradox? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155:1161-1167.
2. Baskin ML, Ard J, Franklin F, Allison DB. 2005. Prevalence of obesity in the United States. Obes Rev 6:5-7.
3. Bell AC, Kremer PJ, Magarey AM, Swinburn BA. 2005. Contribution of 'noncore' foods and beverages to the energy intake and weight status of Australian children. Eur J Clin Nutr 59:639-645.
4. Borders TF, Rohrer JE, Cardarelli KM. 2006. Gender-specific disparities in obesity. J Community Health 31:57-68.
5. Bouchard C. 1985. Reproducibility of body composition and adipose tissue measurements in humans. In: Roche AF, editor. Body composition assessments in youth and adults. Columbus, OH: Ross Laboratories. p 9-13.
6. Bowman SA. 2002. Beverage choices of young females: changes and impact on nutrient intakes. J Am Diet Assoc 102:1234-1239.
7. Brewis A. 2003. Biocultural aspects of obesity in young Mexican schoolchildren. Am J Human Biol 15:446-460.
8. Cavadini C, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. 2000. US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996. WJM 173:378-383.
9. Champagne CM, Bogle ML, McGee BB, Yadrick K, Allen R, Kramer TR, Simpson P, Gossett J, Weber J. 2004. Dietary intake in the Lower Mississippi Delta: results from the foods of our delta study. J Am Diet Assoc 104:199-207.
10. Cole TJ, Bellizi C, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. 2006. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ 320:1240.
11. Crooks DL. 1999. Child growth and nutritional status in a high-poverty community in Eastern Kentucky. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:129-142.
12. Crooks DL. 2000. Food consumption, activity, and overweight among elementary school children in an Appalachian Kentucky community. Am J Phys Anthropol 112:159-170.
13. Cullen KW, Lara KM, deMoor C. 2002. Children's dietary fat intake and fat practices vary by meal and day. J Am Diet Assoc 102:1773-1778.
14. Davis CL, Flickinger B, Moore D, Bassali R, Domel Baxter S, Yin Z. 2005. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren in a rural Georgia community. Am J Med Sci 330:53-59.
15. Dehghan M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Merchant A. 2005. Childhood obesity, prevalence, and prevention. Nutr J 4:24. Electronic Document. Accessed on 24 May 2006. http://www.nutritionj.com/content/4/1/24
16. Demerath E, Muratova V, Spangler E, Li J, Minor VE, Neal WA. 2003. School-based obesity screening in rural Appalachia. Prev Med 37:553-560.
17. Dietz WH, Bellizi MC. 1999. Introduction: the use of body mass index to assess obesity in children. Am J Clin Nutr 70:123S-125S.
18. Domel Baxter S, Smith AF, Litaker MS, Guinn CH, Shaffer NM, Baglio ML, Frye FHA. 2004. Recency affects reporting accuracy of children's dietary recalls. Ann Epidemiol 14:385-390.
19. Domel Baxter S, Thompson WO, Litaker MS, Frye FHA, Gunn CH, 2002. Low accuracy and low consistency of fourth-graders' school breakfast and school lunch recalls. J Am Diet Assoc 102:386-395.
20. Domel Baxter S, Thompson WO, Davis HC. 2000. Prompting methods affect the accuracy of children's school lunch results. J Am Diet Assoc 100:911-918.
21. Domel S. 1997. Self-reports of diet: how children remember what they have eaten. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1148S-1152S.
22. Domel S, Thompson WO, Baranowski T, Smith AF. 1994. How children remember what they have eaten. J Am Diet Assoc 94:1267-1272.
23. Evers S, Hooper MD. 1995. Dietary intake and anthropometric status of 7- to 9-year-old children in economically disadvantaged communities in Ontario. J Am Coll Nutr 14:595-603.
24. Field AE, Laird N, Steinberg E, Fallen E, Semega-Janneh M, Yanovski JA. 2003. Which metric of relative weight best captures body fatness in children? Obes Res 11: 1345-1352.
25. Fisher JO, Johnson RK, Lindquist C, Birch LL, Goran MI. 2000. Influence of body composition on the accuracy of reported energy intake in children. Obes Res 8:597-603.
26. Flegal KM, Troiano RP. 2000. Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population. Int J Obes 24:807-818.
27. Frank GC. 1991. Taking a bite out of eating behavior: food records and food recalls of children. J School Health 61:198-200.
28. Frisancho AR. 1990. Anthropometric standards for the assessment of growth and nutritional status. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
29. Gagne D, Rhainds M, Galibois I. 2004. Seasonal vitamin D intake in Quebec preschoolers. Can J Diet Pract Res 65:174-179.
30. Gallo MV, Schell LM, Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment. 2005. Height, weight, and body mass index among Akwesasne Mohawk youth. Am J Hum Biol 17:269-279.
31. Galloway T. 2006. Obesity rates among rural Ontario schoolchildren. Can J Public Health 97:353-356.
32. Gibson RS. 1990. Principles of nutritional assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM. 2003. The relationship of ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and overweight in US adolescents. Obes Res 11:121-9.
34. Hailnes PS, Hama MY, Guilkey DK, Popkin BM. 2003. Weekend eating in the United States is linked with greater energy, fat, and alcohol intake. Obes Res 11:945-949.
35. Haines PS, Hungerford DW, Popkin BM, Guilkey DK. 1992. Eating patterns and energy and nutrient intakes of US women. J Am Diet Assoc 92:698-704.
36. Hanley AJG, Harris SB, Gittelsohn J, Wolever TMS, Saksvig B, Zinman B. 2000. Overweight among children and adolescents in a Native Canadian community: Prevalence and associated factors. Am J Clin Nutr 71:693-700.
37. Harnack L, Stang J, Story M. 1999. Soft drink consumption among US children and adolescents: nutritional consequences. J Am Diet Assoc 99:436-41.
38. Health Canada. 1997. Canada's food guide to healthy eating. Ottawa, ON: Health Promotions and Program Branch, Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada.
39. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. 2004. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 291:2847-2850.
40. Horlick M. 2001. Body mass index in childhood: measuring a moving target. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:4059-4060.
41. Institute of Medicine. 2000 Dietary reference intakes: applications in dietary assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
42. Johnson-Down L, O'Loughlin J, Koski KG, Gray-Donald K. 1997. High prevalence of obesity in low income and multiethnic schoolchildren: a diet and physical activity assessment. J Nutr 127:2310-2315.
43. Johnson RK, Driscoll P, Goran MI. 1996. Comparison of multiple-pass 24-hour recall estimates of energy intake with total energy expenditure determined by the doubly labeled water method in young children. J Am Diet Assoc 96:1140-4.
44. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. 2003. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 77:257-265.
45. Katzmarzyk PT, Pérusse L, Malina RM, Bouchard C. 1999. Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose tissue distribution in the Canadian population. Am J Clin Nutr 69:1123-1129.
46. Kimm SYS. 1995. The role of dietary fiber in the development and treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatr 96:1010S-1014S.
47. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, Wei R, Curtin LR, Roche AF, Johnson CL. 2002. CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Star 11 2002:1-190.
48. Lacar ES, Soto X, Riley WJ. 2000. Adolescent obesity in a low-income Mexican American school district in South Texas. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:837-840.
49. Liebman M, Pelican S, Moore SA, Holmes B, Wardlaw MK, Melcher LM, Liddil AC, Paul LC, Dunnagan T, Haynes GW. 2003. Dietary intake, eating behaviour, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Int J Obes 27:684-692.
50. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. 1988. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
51. Lytle LA, Nichaman MZ, Obarzanek E, Glovsky E, Montgomery D, Nicklas T, Zive M, Feldman H. 1993. Validation of 24-hour recalls assisted by food records in third-grade children. J Am Diet Assoc 93:1431-1436.
52. Ma Y, Olendzki BC, Li W, Hafner AR, Chiriboga D, Hebert JR, Campbell M, Sarnie M, Ockene IS. 2006. Seasonal variation in food intake, physical activity, and body weight in a predominantly overweight population. Eur J Clin Nutr 60:519-528.
53. MacLellan DL, Taylor JP, Van Til L, Sweet L. 2004. Measured weights in PEI adults reveal higher than expected obesity rates. Can J Public Health 95:174-178.
54. Marshall JD, Hazlett CB, Spady DW, Conger PR, Quinney HA. 1991. Validity of convenient indicators of obesity. Hum Biol 63:137-153.
55. Marshall TA, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Warren JJ, Eichenberger-Gilmore JM, Burns TL, Stumbo PJ. 2005. Dental caries and beverage consumption in young children. Pediatr 112:184-191.
56. Matheson DM, Killen JD, Wang Y, Varady A, Robinson TN. 2004. Children's food consumption during television viewing. Am J Clin Nutr 79:1088-1094.
57. McPherson RS, Hoelscher DM, Alexander M, Scanlon KS, Serdula MK. 2000. Dietary assessment methods among school-aged children: validity and reliability. Prev Med 31:11S-33S.
58. Mei Z, Gummer-Strawn LM, Pietrobelli A, Goulding A, Goran MI, Dietz WH. 2002. Validity of body mass index compared with other body composition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents. Am J CLin Nutr 75:978-985.
59. Moffat T, Galloway T, Latham J. 2005. Stature and adiposity among children in contrasting neighbourhoods in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Am J Hum Biol 17: 355-367.
60. Murphy SP, Barr SI, Poos MI. 2002. Using the new dietary reference intakes to assess diets: A map to the maze. Nutr Rev 60:267-275.
61. Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. 2004. Changes in beverage intake between 1977 and 2001. Am J Prev Med 27:205-210. Erratum in Am J Prev Med 28:413.
62. O'Dwyer NA, McCarthy SN, Burke SJ, Gibney MJ. 2005. The temporal patterns of the contribution of fat to energy and of food groups to fat at various eating locations: implications for developing food-based dietary guidelines. Public Health Nutr 8:249-257.
63. Ontario Ministry of Education. 2004a. Making Ontario schools healthier places to learn. Electronic Document. Accessed on 24 May 2006. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/reports/healthyschools/report.pdf
64. Ontario Ministry of Education. 2004b. Policy/Program Memorandum No. 135: Healthy foods and beverages in elementary school vending machines. Electronic Document. Accessed on 24 May 2006. http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/ extra/eng/ppm/135.html
65. Ontario Society of Nutrition Professionals in Public Health School Nutrition Workgroup. 2004. Call to Action: Creating a Healthy School Nutrition Environment.
66. Petti S, Simonetti R, Simonetti D'Arca A. 1997. The effect of milk and sucrose consumption on caries in 6- to 11-year-old Italian schoolchildren. Eur J Epidem 13:659-664.
67. Phipps SA, Burton PS, Osberg LS, Lethbridge LN. 2006. Poverty and the extent of child obesity in Canada, Norway and the United States. Obes Rev 7:5-12.
68. Pietrobelli A, Faith MS, Allison DB, Gallagher D, Chiumello G, Heymsfield SB. 1998. Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study. J Pediatr 132:204-210.
69. Plotnikoff RC, Bercovitz K, Loucaides CA. 2004. Physical activity, smoking, and obesity among Canadian school youth. Can J Public Health 95:413-417.
70. Power C, Lake JK, Cole TJ. 1997. Measurement and longterm health risks of child and adolescent fatness. Int J Obes Rel Metab Disord 21:507-526.
71. Roberts SB, Dallal GE. 2001. The new childhood growth charts. Nutr Rev 59:31-36.
72. Rocandio AM, Ansotegui L, Arroyo M. 2001. Comparison of dietary intake among overweight and non-overweight schoolchildren. Int J Obes 25:1651-1655.
73. Ross EB. 1987. An overview of trends in dietary variation from hunter-gatherer to modern capitalist societies. In: Harris M, Ross EB, editors. Food and evolution: toward a theory of human food habits. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p7-55.
74. Roth DE, Martz P, Yeo R, Prosser C, Bell M, Jones AB. 2005. Are national vitamin D guidelines sufficient to maintain adequate blood levels in children? Can J Public Health 96:443-449.
75. Salamoun MM, Kizirian AS, Tannous RI, Nabulsi MM, Choucair MK, Deeb ME, Fuleihan GAE. 2005. Low calcium and vitamin D intake in healthy children and adolescents and their correlates. Eur J Clin Nutr 59:177-184.
76. Saldanha LG. 1995. Fibre in the diet of US children: results of national surveys. Pediatr 96:S994-S997.
77. Self RB, Birmingham CL, Elliott R, Zhang W, Thommasen HV. 2005. The prevalence of overweight adults living in a rural and remote community: the Bella Coola Valley. Eat Weight Disord 10:133-138.
78. Sherry B, Springer DA, Connell FA, Garret SM. 1992. Short, thin, or obese? Comparing growth indexes of children from high- and low-poverty areas. J Am Diet Assoc 92:1092-1095.
79. Shields M. 2005. Measured obesity: overweight Canadian children and adolescents. Nutrition: findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey Issue No. 1. Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 82-620-MWE. Electronic Document. Accessed on 24 May 2006. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ fn-an/surveill/nutrition/commun/index_e.html
80. Statistics Canada. 2001. Census of Canada. Electronic Document. Accessed on 01 December 2005. http://estat.statcan.ca/content/english/over.shtml
81. Tremblay M. 2004. The need for directly measured health data in Canada. Can J Public Health. 95:165-166.
82. Tremblay MS, Willms JD. 2000. Secular trends in the body mass index of Canadian children. CMAJ 163:1429-1433.
83. Ulijaszek SJ, Lourie JA. 1994. Intra- and inter-observer error in anthropometric measurement. In: Ulijaszek SJ, Mascie-Taylor CGN, editors. Anthropometry: the individual and the population, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 30-55.
84. Veugelers PJ, Fitzgerald AL, Johnston E. 2005. Dietary intake and risk factors for poor diet quality among children in Nova Scotia. Can J Public Health 96:212-216.
85. Willms JD, Tremblay MS, Katzmarzyk PT. 2003. Geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children. Obes Res 11:668-673.
86. Young TK, Dean HJ, Flett B, Wood-Steiman P. 2000. Childhood obesity in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes. J Pediatr 136:365-369.
87. Zimmerman MB, Gübeli C, Püntener C, Molinari L. 2004. Detection of overweight and obesity in a national sample of 6- to 12-year-old Swiss children: accuracy and validity of reference values for body mass index from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the International Obesity Task Force. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 838-843.