메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 543-565

Nanophase separated perfluorinated ionomers as sol-gel polymerization templates for functional inorganic oxide nanoparticles

Author keywords

Nanocomposites; Organic inorganic materials; Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes; Sol gel

Indexed keywords

FUNCTIONAL INORGANIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; INORGANIC ALKOXIDES; NAFION; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANES;

EID: 35648940308     PISSN: 15583724     EISSN: 15583716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15583720701638393     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (63)
  • 5
    • 33748063985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing the operation temperature of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells: From nanocomposites to hybrids
    • Licoccia, S.; Traversa, E. "Increasing the operation temperature of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells: From nanocomposites to hybrids", J. Power Sources 2006, 159, 12-20.
    • (2006) J. Power Sources , vol.159 , pp. 12-20
    • Licoccia, S.1    Traversa, E.2
  • 6
    • 19344378862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional fluoropolymers for fuel cell membranes
    • Souzy, R.; Ameduri, B. "Functional fluoropolymers for fuel cell membranes", Progress Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 644-687.
    • (2005) Progress Polym. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 644-687
    • Souzy, R.1    Ameduri, B.2
  • 7
    • 18644382905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method for modifying proton exchange membrane using the sol-gel process for fuel cell
    • Klein, L. C.; Daiko, Y.; Aparicio, M.; Damay, F. "Method for modifying proton exchange membrane using the sol-gel process for fuel cell", Polymer 2005, 46, 4504-4509.
    • (2005) Polymer , vol.46 , pp. 4504-4509
    • Klein, L.C.1    Daiko, Y.2    Aparicio, M.3    Damay, F.4
  • 8
    • 26844562428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and characterization of highly interfacial hybrid nanocomposites
    • Mitchell, B. S. "Formation and characterization of highly interfacial hybrid nanocomposites", Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2005, 10, 239-242.
    • (2005) Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci , vol.10 , pp. 239-242
    • Mitchell, B.S.1
  • 9
    • 0021480464 scopus 로고
    • New type of non-crystalline solids between inorganic and organic materials
    • Schmidt, H. "New type of non-crystalline solids between inorganic and organic materials", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1985, 73, 681-691.
    • (1985) J. Non-Cryst. Solids , vol.73 , pp. 681-691
    • Schmidt, H.1
  • 10
    • 0026140989 scopus 로고
    • Structure-property behavior of sol-gel derived hybrid materials: Effect of a polymeric acid catalyst
    • Brennan, A. B.; Wilkes, G. L. "Structure-property behavior of sol-gel derived hybrid materials: Effect of a polymeric acid catalyst", Polymer 1991, 32, 733-739.
    • (1991) Polymer , vol.32 , pp. 733-739
    • Brennan, A.B.1    Wilkes, G.L.2
  • 11
    • 0013581086 scopus 로고
    • Some novel polysiloxane elastomers and inorganic-organic composites
    • Mark, J. E. "Some novel polysiloxane elastomers and inorganic-organic composites", J. Inorg. Org. Polym. 1991, 1, 431-448.
    • (1991) J. Inorg. Org. Polym , vol.1 , pp. 431-448
    • Mark, J.E.1
  • 12
    • 0000055221 scopus 로고
    • In situ polymerization of tetraethoxysilane in poly(methyl methacrylate): Morphology and dynamic mechanical properties
    • Landry, C. J. T.; Coltrain, B. K.; Brady, B. K. "In situ polymerization of tetraethoxysilane in poly(methyl methacrylate): Morphology and dynamic mechanical properties", Polymer 1992, 33, 1486-1495.
    • (1992) Polymer , vol.33 , pp. 1486-1495
    • Landry, C.J.T.1    Coltrain, B.K.2    Brady, B.K.3
  • 13
    • 0001728486 scopus 로고
    • Mutually interpenetrating inorganic-organic networks. New routes into nonshrinking sol-gel composite materials
    • Ellsworth, M. W.; Novak, B. M. "Mutually interpenetrating inorganic-organic networks. New routes into nonshrinking sol-gel composite materials", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2756-2758.
    • (1991) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.113 , pp. 2756-2758
    • Ellsworth, M.W.1    Novak, B.M.2
  • 14
    • 0025418531 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of inorganic/organic hybrid gels by the sol-gel process
    • Kohjiya, S.; Ochiai, K.; Yamashita, S. "Preparation of inorganic/organic hybrid gels by the sol-gel process", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1990, 119, 132-135.
    • (1990) J. Non-Cryst. Solids , vol.119 , pp. 132-135
    • Kohjiya, S.1    Ochiai, K.2    Yamashita, S.3
  • 15
    • 0026931714 scopus 로고
    • Rubbery ormosils and their applications
    • Mackenzie, J. D.; Chung, Y. J.; Hu, Y. "Rubbery ormosils and their applications", J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1992, 147&148, 271 -279.
    • (1992) J. Non-Cryst. Solids , vol.147-148 , pp. 271-279
    • Mackenzie, J.D.1    Chung, Y.J.2    Hu, Y.3
  • 16
    • 84885481447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mauritz, K. A.; Storey, R. F.; Jones, C. K. Perfluorinated-ionomer- membrane-based micro-composites. Silicon oxide filled membranes, In Multiphase Polymer Materials: Blends, Ionomers and Interpenetrating Networks; Utracki, L. A., and Weiss, R. A., Ed.; ACS Symp. Ser. No. 395, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1.989; pp 401-417.
    • Mauritz, K. A.; Storey, R. F.; Jones, C. K. "Perfluorinated-ionomer- membrane-based micro-composites. Silicon oxide filled membranes", In Multiphase Polymer Materials: Blends, Ionomers and Interpenetrating Networks; Utracki, L. A., and Weiss, R. A., Ed.; ACS Symp. Ser. No. 395, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1.989; pp 401-417.
  • 19
    • 26244444991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic materials
    • Mammeri, F.; Le Bourhis, E.; Rozes, L.; Sanchez, C. "Mechanical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic materials", J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 3787-3811.
    • (2005) J. Mater. Chem , vol.15 , pp. 3787-3811
    • Mammeri, F.1    Le Bourhis, E.2    Rozes, L.3    Sanchez, C.4
  • 20
    • 26244440176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Star alkoxysilane molecules, gels and appreciably tough glasses
    • Sharp, K. G. "Star alkoxysilane molecules, gels and appreciably tough glasses", J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 3812-3820.
    • (2005) J. Mater. Chem , vol.15 , pp. 3812-3820
    • Sharp, K.G.1
  • 21
    • 15744393431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites fabricated with a novel biocompatible precursor using sol-gel processing
    • Shchipunov, Y. A.; Karpenko, T. Y.; Krekoten, A. V. "Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites fabricated with a novel biocompatible precursor using sol-gel processing", Composite Interfaces 2005, 11, 587-607.
    • (2005) Composite Interfaces , vol.11 , pp. 587-607
    • Shchipunov, Y.A.1    Karpenko, T.Y.2    Krekoten, A.V.3
  • 22
    • 84885473460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarz, S. Silica-organic hybrid materials, In Handbook of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials and Nanocomposites; Nalwa, H. S., Ed.; American Scientific Publishers: Stevenson Ranch, Calif., 2003; 1, pp 165-205.
    • Polarz, S. "Silica-organic hybrid materials", In Handbook of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials and Nanocomposites; Nalwa, H. S., Ed.; American Scientific Publishers: Stevenson Ranch, Calif., 2003; Vol. 1, pp 165-205.
  • 23
    • 0742313162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endless possibilities. Inorganic-organic hybrid coatings
    • Wagner, G. "Endless possibilities. Inorganic-organic hybrid coatings", Metalloberflaeche 2002, 56, 36-40.
    • (2002) Metalloberflaeche , vol.56 , pp. 36-40
    • Wagner, G.1
  • 24
    • 12844250611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rare earth complexes in sol-gel glasses
    • Reisfeld, R. "Rare earth complexes in sol-gel glasses", Mater. Sci. 2002, 20, 5-18.
    • (2002) Mater. Sci , vol.20 , pp. 5-18
    • Reisfeld, R.1
  • 25
    • 0037271505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silica-based and transition metal-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials-A comparison
    • Schubert, U. "Silica-based and transition metal-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials-A comparison", J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2003, 26, 47-55.
    • (2003) J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol , vol.26 , pp. 47-55
    • Schubert, U.1
  • 26
    • 7644219892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State of understanding of Nafion
    • Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. "State of understanding of Nafion", Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4535-4585.
    • (2004) Chem. Rev , vol.104 , pp. 4535-4585
    • Mauritz, K.A.1    Moore, R.B.2
  • 27
    • 84985545874 scopus 로고
    • Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction
    • Mauritz, K. A.; Stefenithis, I. D.; Davis, S. V.; Scheetz, R. W.; Pope, R. K.; Wilkes, G. L.; Huang, H.-H. "Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol-gel reaction", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1995, 55, 181-190.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Polym. Sci , vol.55 , pp. 181-190
    • Mauritz, K.A.1    Stefenithis, I.D.2    Davis, S.V.3    Scheetz, R.W.4    Pope, R.K.5    Wilkes, G.L.6    Huang, H.-H.7
  • 28
    • 0024641179 scopus 로고
    • Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol/gel reaction. 1. infrared spectroscopic studies
    • Mauritz, K. A.; Warren, R. M. "Microstructural evolution of a silicon oxide phase in a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer by an in situ sol/gel reaction. 1. infrared spectroscopic studies", Macromolecules 1989, 22, 1730-1734.
    • (1989) Macromolecules , vol.22 , pp. 1730-1734
    • Mauritz, K.A.1    Warren, R.M.2
  • 29
    • 84885481595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deng, Q.; Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. (Perfluorosulfonate ionomer)-(inorganic oxide) nano-composites. Organic modification of surfaces of silicon oxide nanoparticles grown in situ. In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Bianconi, P. A., and Lee, C. Y.-C., Eds.; ACS Symp. Ser. No. 585, American Chemical Society: Washington DC, 1995; pp 66-84.
    • Deng, Q.; Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. "(Perfluorosulfonate ionomer)-(inorganic oxide) nano-composites. Organic modification of surfaces of silicon oxide nanoparticles grown in situ". In Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Composites; Mark, J. E., Bianconi, P. A., and Lee, C. Y.-C., Eds.; ACS Symp. Ser. No. 585, American Chemical Society: Washington DC, 1995; pp 66-84.
  • 30
    • 33751155300 scopus 로고
    • Novel Nafion/ORMOSIL hybrids via in Situ sol-gel reactions. 1. Probe of ORMOSIL phase nanostructures by infrared spectroscopy
    • Deng, Q.; Moore, R. B.; Mauritz, K. A. "Novel Nafion/ORMOSIL hybrids via in Situ sol-gel reactions. 1. Probe of ORMOSIL phase nanostructures by infrared spectroscopy", Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 2259-2268.
    • (1995) Chem. Mater , vol.7 , pp. 2259-2268
    • Deng, Q.1    Moore, R.B.2    Mauritz, K.A.3
  • 32
    • 0030214531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-angle x-ray scattering studies of Nafion/[silicon oxide] and Nafion/ORMOSIL nanocomposites
    • Deng, Q.; Cable, K. M.; Moore, R. B.; Mauritz, K. A. "Small-angle x-ray scattering studies of Nafion/[silicon oxide] and Nafion/ORMOSIL nanocomposites", J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 1917-1923.
    • (1996) J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys , vol.34 , pp. 1917-1923
    • Deng, Q.1    Cable, K.M.2    Moore, R.B.3    Mauritz, K.A.4
  • 33
    • 0003013539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nafion/ORMOSIL hybrids via in situ sol-gel reactions. 3. Pyrene fluorescence probe investigations of nanoscale environment
    • Deng, Q.; Hu, Y.; Moore, R. B.; McCormick, C. L.; Mauritz, K. A. "Nafion/ORMOSIL hybrids via in situ sol-gel reactions. 3. Pyrene fluorescence probe investigations of nanoscale environment", Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 36-44.
    • (1997) Chem. Mater , vol.9 , pp. 36-44
    • Deng, Q.1    Hu, Y.2    Moore, R.B.3    McCormick, C.L.4    Mauritz, K.A.5
  • 34
    • 0032474015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, ORMOAIL, and dimethylsiloxane) hybrids via in situ sol-gel reactions: Characterization of fundamental properties
    • 2, ORMOAIL, and dimethylsiloxane) hybrids via in situ sol-gel reactions: Characterization of fundamental properties", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 68, 747-763.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Polym. Sci , vol.68 , pp. 747-763
    • Deng, Q.1    Moore, R.B.2    Mauritz, K.A.3
  • 36
    • 0032210569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGA-FTIR investigation of the thermal degradation of Nafion and Nafion/[silicon oxide]-based nanocomposites
    • Deng, Q.; Wilkie, C. A.; Moore, R. B.; Mauritz, K. A. "TGA-FTIR investigation of the thermal degradation of Nafion and Nafion/[silicon oxide]-based nanocomposites", Polymer 1998, 39, 5961-5972.
    • (1998) Polymer , vol.39 , pp. 5961-5972
    • Deng, Q.1    Wilkie, C.A.2    Moore, R.B.3    Mauritz, K.A.4
  • 38
    • 0036792046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nafion®/[organically-modified silicate] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel reactions: Mechanical tensile properties
    • Young, S. K.; Mauritz, K. A. "Nafion®/[organically-modified silicate] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel reactions: Mechanical tensile properties", J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys. 2002, 40, 2237-2247.
    • (2002) J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys , vol.40 , pp. 2237-2247
    • Young, S.K.1    Mauritz, K.A.2
  • 39
    • 0035876228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic mechanical analyses of Nafion®/{organically modified silicate} nanocomposites
    • Young, S. K.; Mauritz, K. A. "Dynamic mechanical analyses of Nafion®/{organically modified silicate} nanocomposites", Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2001, 39, 1282-1295.
    • (2001) Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , vol.39 , pp. 1282-1295
    • Young, S.K.1    Mauritz, K.A.2
  • 40
    • 0030269496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric [Nafion]/[silicon oxide][hybrid membranes via the in situ sol-gel reaction for tetraethoxysilane
    • Gummaraju, R. V.; Moore, R. B.; Mauritz, K. A. "Asymmetric [Nafion]/[silicon oxide][hybrid membranes via the in situ sol-gel reaction for tetraethoxysilane", J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 2383-2392.
    • (1996) J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys , vol.34 , pp. 2383-2392
    • Gummaraju, R.V.1    Moore, R.B.2    Mauritz, K.A.3
  • 41
    • 0032021420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared investigation of the silicon oxide phase in [perfluoro-carboxylate/sulfonate (bilayer)]/[silicon oxide] nanocomposite membranes
    • Robertson, M. A. F.; Mauritz, K. A. "Infrared investigation of the silicon oxide phase in [perfluoro-carboxylate/sulfonate (bilayer)]/[silicon oxide] nanocomposite membranes", J. Polym. Sci: B: Polym. Phys. 1998, 36, 595-606.
    • (1998) J. Polym. Sci: B: Polym. Phys , vol.36 , pp. 595-606
    • Robertson, M.A.F.1    Mauritz, K.A.2
  • 42
    • 0031102582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical modification of a Nafion sulfonyl fluoride precursor via in situ sol-gel reactions
    • Greso, A. J.; Moore, R. B.; Cable, K. M.; Jarrett, W. L.; Mauritz, K. A. "Chemical modification of a Nafion sulfonyl fluoride precursor via in situ sol-gel reactions", Polymer 1997, 38, 1345-1356.
    • (1997) Polymer , vol.38 , pp. 1345-1356
    • Greso, A.J.1    Moore, R.B.2    Cable, K.M.3    Jarrett, W.L.4    Mauritz, K.A.5
  • 43
    • 0000828548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shao, P. L.; Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. {Perfluorosulfonate ionomer]/[mixed inorganic oxide] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel chemistry, Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 192-200.
    • Shao, P. L.; Mauritz, K. A.; Moore, R. B. "{Perfluorosulfonate ionomer]/[mixed inorganic oxide] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel chemistry", Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 192-200.
  • 44
    • 0000282055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel chemistry: Sequential alkoxide procedure"
    • 2] nanocomposites via polymer-in situ sol-gel chemistry: Sequential alkoxide procedure", J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys. 1996, 34, 873-882.
    • (1996) J. Polym. Sci.: B: Polym. Phys , vol.34 , pp. 873-882
    • Shao, P.L.1    Mauritz, K.A.2    Moore, R.B.3
  • 45
    • 0030269162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric Nafion/(zirconium oxide) hybrid membranes via in situ sol-gel chemistry
    • Apichatachutapan, W.; Moore, R. B.; Mauritz, K. A. "Asymmetric Nafion/(zirconium oxide) hybrid membranes via in situ sol-gel chemistry", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 62, 417-426.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Polym. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 417-426
    • Apichatachutapan, W.1    Moore, R.B.2    Mauritz, K.A.3
  • 47
    • 0034224051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrid Nafion®-inorganic membrane with potential applications for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Baradie, B.; Dodelet, J. P.; Guay, D. "Hybrid Nafion®-inorganic membrane with potential applications for polymer electrolyte fuel cells", J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000, 489, 101.
    • (2000) J. Electroanal. Chem , vol.489 , pp. 101
    • Baradie, B.1    Dodelet, J.P.2    Guay, D.3
  • 48
    • 0000300904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of sol-gel derived Nafion/silica hybrid membrane for proton electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications
    • and
    • Miyake, N.; Wainright, J. S.; Savinell, R. F. "Evaluation of sol-gel derived Nafion/silica hybrid membrane for proton electrolyte membrane for fuel cell applications", J. Electrochem. Soc. 2001, 148, A898-A904 and A905-A909.
    • (2001) J. Electrochem. Soc , vol.148
    • Miyake, N.1    Wainright, J.S.2    Savinell, R.F.3
  • 49
    • 33947643540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covalently cross-linked perfluorosulfonated membranes with polysiloxane framework
    • Chen, W.-F.; Kuo, P.-L. "Covalently cross-linked perfluorosulfonated membranes with polysiloxane framework", Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1987-1994.
    • (2007) Macromolecules , vol.40 , pp. 1987-1994
    • Chen, W.-F.1    Kuo, P.-L.2
  • 50
    • 0036503819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silicon oxide Nafion composite membranes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell operation at 80-140°C
    • Adjemian, K. T.; Lee, S. J.; Srinivasan, S.; Benziger, J.; Bocarsly, A. B. "Silicon oxide Nafion composite membranes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell operation at 80-140°C", J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149, A256-A261.
    • (2002) J. Electrochem. Soc , vol.149
    • Adjemian, K.T.1    Lee, S.J.2    Srinivasan, S.3    Benziger, J.4    Bocarsly, A.B.5
  • 51
    • 0036643542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of PEMFC operation above 100°C employing perfluorosulfonic acid silicon oxide composite membranes
    • Adjemian, K. T.; Srinivasan, S.; Benziger, J.; Bocarsly, A. B. "Investigation of PEMFC operation above 100°C employing perfluorosulfonic acid silicon oxide composite membranes", J. Power Sources 2002, 109, 356-364.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.109 , pp. 356-364
    • Adjemian, K.T.1    Srinivasan, S.2    Benziger, J.3    Bocarsly, A.B.4
  • 52
    • 0042470897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composite membranes for medium-temperature PEM fuel cells
    • Alberti, G.; Casciola, M. "Composite membranes for medium-temperature PEM fuel cells", Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 2003, 33, 129-154.
    • (2003) Ann. Rev. Mater. Res , vol.33 , pp. 129-154
    • Alberti, G.1    Casciola, M.2
  • 53
    • 0032021409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hybrids of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and silicon oxide by sol-gel reaction from solution: Morphology and thermal analysis
    • Zoppi, R. A.; Yoshida I. V. P.; Nunes, S. P. "Hybrids of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and silicon oxide by sol-gel reaction from solution: Morphology and thermal analysis", Polymer 1998, 39, 1309-1315.
    • (1998) Polymer , vol.39 , pp. 1309-1315
    • Zoppi, R.A.1    Yoshida, I.V.P.2    Nunes, S.P.3
  • 54
    • 0032023501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical impedance studies of hybrids of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and silicon oxide by sol-gel reaction from solution
    • Zoppi, R. A.; Nunes, S. P. "Electrochemical impedance studies of hybrids of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and silicon oxide by sol-gel reaction from solution", J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 445, 39-45.
    • (1998) J. Electroanal. Chem , vol.445 , pp. 39-45
    • Zoppi, R.A.1    Nunes, S.P.2
  • 55
    • 31744445774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Casting Nafion-sulfonated organo-silica nano-composite membranes used, in direct methanol fuel cells
    • Li, C.; Sun, G.; Ren, S.; Liu, J.; Wang, Q.; Wu, Z.; Sun, H.; Jin, W. "Casting Nafion-sulfonated organo-silica nano-composite membranes used, in direct methanol fuel cells", J. Memb. Sci. 2006, 272, 50-57.
    • (2006) J. Memb. Sci , vol.272 , pp. 50-57
    • Li, C.1    Sun, G.2    Ren, S.3    Liu, J.4    Wang, Q.5    Wu, Z.6    Sun, H.7    Jin, W.8
  • 56
    • 33746744402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hygroscopic oxides/Nafion hybrid electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells
    • Daiko, Y.; Klein, L. C.; Kasuga, T.; Nogami, M. "Hygroscopic oxides/Nafion hybrid electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cells", J. Memb. Sci. 2006, 281, 619-625.
    • (2006) J. Memb. Sci , vol.281 , pp. 619-625
    • Daiko, Y.1    Klein, L.C.2    Kasuga, T.3    Nogami, M.4
  • 58
    • 0036535099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation of a Nafion/silicon oxide hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cell
    • Jung, D. H.; Cho, S. Y.; Peck, D. H.; Shin, D. R.; Kim, J. S. "Performance evaluation of a Nafion/silicon oxide hybrid membrane for direct methanol fuel cell", J. Power Sources 2002, 106, 173-177.
    • (2002) J. Power Sources , vol.106 , pp. 173-177
    • Jung, D.H.1    Cho, S.Y.2    Peck, D.H.3    Shin, D.R.4    Kim, J.S.5
  • 59
    • 84885469041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neergat, M.; Friedrich, K. A.; Summing, U. New Materials for DMFC MEAs. In Handbook of Fuel Cells-Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, 4: Fuel Cell Technology and Applications; Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H. A., and Lamm, A., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2003; p 856.
    • Neergat, M.; Friedrich, K. A.; Summing, U. "New Materials for DMFC MEAs". In Handbook of Fuel Cells-Fundamentals, Technology and Applications, Vol. 4: Fuel Cell Technology and Applications; Vielstich, W., Gasteiger, H. A., and Lamm, A., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2003; p 856.
  • 60
    • 0029794554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High surface area Nafion resin/silica nanocomposites: A new class of solid acid catalyst
    • Harmer, M. A.; Farneth, W. E.; Sun, Q. "High surface area Nafion resin/silica nanocomposites: A new class of solid acid catalyst", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7708-7715.
    • (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.118 , pp. 7708-7715
    • Harmer, M.A.1    Farneth, W.E.2    Sun, Q.3
  • 61
    • 84986834537 scopus 로고
    • Perfluorinated resinsulfonic acid (Nafion-H®) catalysis in synthesis
    • Olah, G. A.; Iyer, P. S.; Surya Prakash, G. K. "Perfluorinated resinsulfonic acid (Nafion-H®) catalysis in synthesis", Synthesis 1986, 513-531.
    • (1986) Synthesis , pp. 513-531
    • Olah, G.A.1    Iyer, P.S.2    Surya Prakash, G.K.3
  • 62
    • 0023381590 scopus 로고
    • Catalysis with Nafion
    • Waller, F. J.; Van Scoyoc, R. W. "Catalysis with Nafion", Chemtech 1987, 17, 438-441.
    • (1987) Chemtech , vol.17 , pp. 438-441
    • Waller, F.J.1    Van Scoyoc, R.W.2
  • 63
    • 0027625438 scopus 로고
    • Cationic ion exchange resins as catalyst
    • Chakrabarti, A.; Sharma, M. M. "Cationic ion exchange resins as catalyst", React. Polym. 1993, 20, 1-45.
    • (1993) React. Polym , vol.20 , pp. 1-45
    • Chakrabarti, A.1    Sharma, M.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.