Respiratory assessment in child and adolescent residential treatment settings: Reducing restraint-associated risks

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 176-183

  Johnson, T D ^a,b  

^a Lupine Creative Consulting Inc   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Child; Pediatrics; Restraint; Restraint death

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BREATHING DISORDER; CHILD; EXERCISE; HUMAN; NURSING ASSESSMENT; RESIDENTIAL CARE; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; HUMANS; NURSING ASSESSMENT; RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT; RESPIRATION DISORDERS; RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 35448942336     PISSN: 10736077     EISSN: 17446171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2007.00108.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Allen, J. J. (2000). Seclusion and restraint of children: A literature review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 13, 159-167.
2. Allen, M. H., Currier, G. W., Hughes, D. H., Docherty, J. P., Carpenter, D., & Ross, R. (2003). Treatment of behavioral emergencies: A summary of the expert consensus guidelines. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 9, 16-38.
3. Alliance to Prevent Adverse Interventions and Seclusion. (2005). In the name of treatment. The alliance to prevent restraint adverse interventions and seclusion. Retrieved December 18, 2006, from: http://www.tash.org/publications/parentguide/ inthenameoftreatment.pdf
4. Banks, J. B. (2002). Childhood discipline: Challenges for clinicians and parents. American Family Physician, 66, 1447-1452.
5. Belviso, M., De, D. A., Vitale, L., & Introna, F. Jr. (2003). Positional asphyxia: Reflection on 2 cases. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 24, 292-297.
6. Berrios, C. D., & Jacobowitz, W. H. (1998a). Therapeutic holding: Outcomes of a pilot study. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services, 36, 14-18.
7. Bickley, L. S., & Szilagyi, P. G. (2003). Bates' guide to physical examination and history taking (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
8. Bower, F. L., McCullough, C. S., & Timmons, M. E. (2003). A synthesis of what we know about the use of physical restraints and seclusion with patients in psychiatric and acute care settings: 2003 update. Online Journal of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing, 10 (1), 1.
9. Brodsky, J. B. (2002). Positioning the morbidly obese patient for anesthesia. Obesity Surgery, 12, 751-758.
10. Brodsky, J. B., Oldroyd, M., Winfield, H. N., & Kozlowski, P. M. (2001). Morbid obesity and the prone position: A case report. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 13, 138-140.
11. Chan, T. C., Neuman, T., Clausen, J., Eisele, J., & Vilke, G. M. (2004). Weight force during prone restraint and respiratory function. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 25, 185-189.
12. Considine, J. (2005). The role of nurses in preventing adverse events related to respiratory dysfunction: Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49, 624-633.
13. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Care Financing Administration. (2001). Medicaid program; use of restraint and seclusion in psychiatric residential treatment facilities providing psychiatric services to individuals under age 21. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), HHS. Interim final rule with comment period. Federal Register, 66, 7148-7164.
14. Dixon, S. D., & Stein, M. T. (2000). Encounters with children: Pediatric behavior and development (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
15. Dorfman, D. H., & Kastner, B. (2004). The use of restraint for pediatric psychiatric patients in emergency departments. Pediatric Emergency Care, 20, 151-156.
16. Egi, M., Hirasaki, A., Nagai, M., Matsushita, M., Matsuda, R., & Seto, K. (2004). [Case of circulatory depression in an obese patient in prone position during general anesthesia]. Masui, 53, 1035-1038 (article in Japanese).
17. Fish, R., & Culshaw, E. (2005). The last resort? Staff and client perspectives on physical intervention. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9, 93-107.
18. Franklin Institute. (2006). Oxygen delivery system. Retrieved December 18, 2006, from http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ respiration.html
19. Geddes, L. A., & Roeder, R. A. (2005). Evolution of our knowledge of sudden death due to commotio cordis. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 23, 67-75.
20. Goren, S., & Curtis, W. J. (1996). Staff members' beliefs about seclusion and restraint in child psychiatric hospitals. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 9, 7-14.
21. Howard, B. J. (1991). Discipline in early childhood. Pediatric Clinics North America, 38, 1351-1369.
22. Kaur, H., Hyder, M. L., & Poston, W. S. (2003). Childhood overweight: An expanding problem. Treatments in Endocrinology, 2, 375-388.
23. Lansford, J. E., Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2004). Ethnic differences in the link between physical discipline and later adolescent externalizing behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 801-812.
24. Link, M. S. (2003). Mechanically induced sudden death in chest wall impact (commotio cordis). Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 82, 175-186.
25. Link, M. S., Maron, B. J., Wang, P. J., VanderBrink, B. A., Zhu, W., & Estes, N. A. III (2003). Upper and lower limits of vulnerability to sudden arrhythmic death with chest-wall impact (commotio cordis). Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41, 99-104.
26. Maron, B. J., Gohman, T. E., Kyle, S. B., Estes, N. A. III, & Link, M. S. (2002). Clinical profile and spectrum of commotio cordis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287, 1142-1146.
27. Masters, K. J., Bellonci, C., Bernet, W., Arnold, V., Beitchman, J., Benson, R. S., et al. (2002). Practice parameter for the prevention and management of aggressive behavior in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions, with special reference to seclusion and restraint. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 4S-25S.
28. Mohr, W. K., & Anderson, J. A. (2002). Reconsidering punitive and harsh discipline. Journal of School Nursing, 18, 346-352.
29. Mohr, W. K., & Mohr, B. D. (2000). Mechanisms of injury and death proximal to restraint use. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 14, 285-295.
30. Mohr, W. K., Mahon, M. M., & Noone, M. J. (1998). A restraint on restraints: The need to reconsider the use of restrictive interventions. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 12, 95-106.
31. Mohr, W. K., Petti, T. A., & Mohr, B. D. (2003). Adverse effects associated with physical restraint. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48, 330-337.
32. Nunno, M., Holden, M., & Tollar, A. (2006). Learning from tragedy: A survey of child and adolescent restraint fatalities. Child Abuse & Neglect: An International Journal, 30 (12), 1333-1342.
33. O'Halloran, R. L., & Frank, J. G. (2000). Asphyxial death during prone restraint revisited: A report of 21 cases. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 21, 39-52.
34. Psychosocial Paediatrics Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS). (2004). Effective discipline for children. Paediatrics & Child Health, 9, 37-41.
35. Rico, A. J., Prieto-Lloret, J., Gonzalez, C., & Rigual, R. (2005). Hypoxia and acidosis increase the secretion of catecholamines in the neonatal rat adrenal medulla: An in vitro study. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology, 289, C1417-C1425.
36. Rodnitzky, R. L. (2003). Drug-induced movement disorders in children. Seminars Pediatric Neurology, 10, 80-87.
37. Sanger, T. D. (2003). Childhood onset generalised dystonia can be modelled by increased gain in the indirect basal ganglia pathway. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 74, 1509- 1515.
38. Soud, T. E., & Rogers, J. S. (1998). Manual of pediatric emergency nursing (1st ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
39. Sourander, A., Ellila, H., Valimaki, M., & Piha, J. (2002). Use of holding, restraints, seclusion and time-out in child and adolescent psychiatric in-patient treatment. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 162-167.
40. University of Maryland Medical Center. (2006). Asthma. Retrieved December 18, 2006, from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/Cons- Conditions/Asthmacc.html
41. Zitelli, B. J., & Davis, H. W. (2002). Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby.