Glutamine, an almost essential amino acid in the critically ill patient;La glutamina, un aminoácido casi indispensable en el enfermo crítico

Medicina Intensiva

Volumn 31, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 402-406

  Bonet, A ^a   Grau, T ^b  

^a HOSPITAL JOSEP TRUETA   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL SEVERO OCHOA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Critically ill patient; Enteral nutrition; Glutamine; Parenteral nutrition

Indexed keywords

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID; GLUTAMINE; TRICARBOXYLIC ACID;

CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DOSE RESPONSE; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INTESTINE LYMPHATIC TISSUE; INTESTINE MUCOSA; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM; REVIEW; UREA CYCLE;

EID: 35448935543     PISSN: 02105691     EISSN: 15786749     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0210-5691(07)74845-3     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditional essential amino acid? Nutr Rev. 1990;48:297-309.
2. Oudemans-van Stratten HM, Bosman HM, Treskes M, van der Spoel HJ, Zandstra DF. Plasma glutamine depletion and patient outcomes in acute ICU admissions. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27:84-90.
3. Abcouver SF, Bode P, Souba WW. Glutamine as a metabolic intermediate. En: Fischer JE, editor. Nutrition and metabolism in the surgical patient. 2nd ed. Boston: Littlie, Brown and Co; 1996. p. 353-84.
4. Souba WW, Smith RJ, Wilmore DW. Glutamine metabolism by the intestinal tract. JPEN. 1985; 9:608-17.
5. Neu J, DeMarco V, Li N. Glutamine: clinical applications and mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002;5:69-75.
6. Wernerman J, Hammarqvist F, Ali MR, Vinnars E. Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate but not branched amino-acids reduce the loss of muscle glutamine after surgical trauma. Metabolism. 1989;38:63-6.
7. Planas M, Schwartz S, Arbos MA, Farriol M. Plasma glutamine levels in septic patients. JPEN. 1993;17:299-300.
8. Wilmore DW. The effect of glutamine supplementation in patients following elective surgery and accidental injury. J Nutr. 2001;131:2543S-9S.
9. Parry-Billings M, Evans J, Calder PC, Newsholme EA. Does glutamine contribute to immunosuppression after major burns? Lancet. 1990;336:523-5.
10. O'Riordain MG, Fearon KC, Ross JA, Rogers P, Falconer JS, Bartolo DC, et al. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances T-lymphocyte response in surgical patients undergoing colorectal resection. Ann Surg. 1994;220:212-21.
11. Yeh SL, Yeh CL, Lin MT, Lo PN, Chen WJ. Effects of glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition on cytokine production and T cell population in septic rats. JPEN. 2001;25:269-74.
12. Wischmeyer PE, Riehm J, Singleton KD, Ren H, Musch MW, Kahana M, et al. Glutamine attenuates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and enhances heat shock protein 72 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nutrition. 2003;19:1-6.
13. Ordóñez González FJ, Jiménez Jiménez FJ, Delgado Pozo JA. Parenteral nutrition in hematologic patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nutr Hosp. 2000;15 Suppl 1:114-20.
14. Ding LA, Li JS. Effects of glutamine on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in TPN-rats with endotoxemia. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:1327-32.
15. Li J, Langkamp-Henken B, Suzuki K, Stahlgren LH. Glutamine prevents parenteral nutrition-induced increases in intestinal permeability. JPEN. 1994;18:303-7.
16. Ziegler TR, Bazargan N, Leader LM, Martindale RG. Glutamine and the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000;3:355-62.
17. Spaeth G, Gottwald T, Haas W, Holmer M. Glutamine peptide does not improve gut barrier function and mucosal immunity in total parenteral nutrition. JPEN. 1993;17:317-23.
18. Conejero R, Bonet A, Grau T, Esteban A, Mesejo A, Montejo JC, et al. Effect of a glutamine-enriched enteral diet on intestinal permeability and infectious morbidity at 28 days in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome: A randomized, single-blind, prospective, multicenter study. Nutrition. 2002;18:716-21.
19. Flaring UB, Rooyackers OE, Wernerman J, Hammarqvist F. Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic glutathione depletion in human muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). 2003;104:275-82.
20. Boelens PG, Houdijk AP, de Thouars HN, Teerlink T, van Engeland MI, Haarman HJ, et al. Plasma taurine concentrations increase after enteral glutamine supplementation in trauma patients and stressed rats. Am J Clin Nut. 2003;77:250-6.
21. Ikeda S, Zarzaur BL, Johnson CD, Fukatsu K, Kudsk KA. Total parenteral nutrition supplementation with glutamine improves survival after gut ischemia/reperfusion. JPEN. 2002;26:169-73.
22. Fukatsu K, Ueno C, Hashiguchi Y, Hara E, Kinoshita M, Mochizuki H, et al. Glutamine infusion during ischemia is detrimental in a murine gut ischemia/ reperfusion model. JPEN. 2003;27:187-92.
23. Borel MJ, Williams PE, Jabbour K, Levenhagen D, Kaizer E, Flakoll PJ. Parenteral glutamine infusion alters insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. JPEN. 1998;22:280-5.
24. Mithieux G. New data and concepts on glutamine and glucose metabolism in the gut. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001;4:267-71.
25. Bakalar B, Duska F, Pachl J, Fric M, Otahal M, Pazout J, et al. Parenteral glutamine infusion alters insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:381-6.
26. Ziegler TR, Young LS, Benfell K, Scheltinga M, Hortos K, Bye R, et al. Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:821-8.
27. Hall JC, Dobb G, Hall J, de Sousa R, Brennen L, McCauley R. A prospective randomised trial of enteral glutamine in critical illness. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:1710-6.
28. Goeters C, Wenn A, Mertes N, Wempe C, Van Aken H, Stehle P, et al. Parenteral L-alanyl-L-glutamine improves 6 month outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2032-7.
29. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, Drover JW, Su X. Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2022-9.
30. García de Lorenzo A, Zarazaga A, García Luna PP, Gonzales-Huix F, López Martínez J, Millán A, et al. Clinical evidence for enteral nutritional support with glutamine: A Systematic review. Nutrition. 2003;19:805-11.
31. Dechelotte P, Hasselmann M, Cynober L, Allaouchiche B, Coëffier M, Hecketsweiler B, et al. L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces infectious complications and glucose intolerance in critically ill patients: The French controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 2006;24:598-604.
32. Saalwachter A, Welcutts KF, Clavedge JA, Evans HL, Radigar AE, O'Donnell KB, et al. Does the addition of glutamine enteral feeds affect patients mortality. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:2501-6.
33. Wischmeyer PE. Clinical Applications of L-Glutamine: past, present, and Future. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003;18:377-85.
34. Kreymann KG, Berger MM, Deutz NE, Hiesmayr M, Jolliet P, Kazandjiev G, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on enteral nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:210-23.
35. Brantley S, Pierce J. Effect of enteral glutamine on trauma patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2000;15:S13.
36. Wischmeyer PE, Lynch J, Liedel J Wolfson R, Riehm J, Gottlieb L, et al. Glutamine administration reduces Gram-negative bacteriemia in severely burned patients: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial versus isonitrogenous control. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:2075-80.
37. Garrel D, Paternaude J, Nedelec B, Dorais J, Champoux J, D'Elia M, et al. Decreased mortality and infectious morbidity in adult burns patients given enteral glutamine supplements: a prospective, controlled clinical trial. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2444-9.
38. Peng X, Yan H, You Z, Wang P, Wang S. Glutamine granule-supplemented enteral nutrition maintains immunological function in severely burned patients. Burns. 2006;32:589-93.