Homeobox gene Sax2 deficiency causes an imbalance in energy homeostasis

Developmental Dynamics

Volumn 236, Issue 10, 2007, Pages 2792-2799

  Simon, Ruth ^a   Lufkin, Thomas ^b   Bergemann, Andrew D ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b GENOME INSTITUTE OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Brain development; Energy homeostasis; Homeobox gene

Indexed keywords

BETA GALACTOSIDASE; FAT; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; SEROTONIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE; HOMEOBOX; HOMEOSTASIS; HYPOTHALAMUS; LIPID STORAGE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PERINATAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SAX2 GENE; SEROTONIN RELEASE; SEROTONINERGIC NERVE CELL;

ADIPOSE TISSUE, BROWN; ADIPOSE TISSUE, WHITE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN STEM; ENERGY METABOLISM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, HOMEOBOX; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HOMEOSTASIS; MICE; MICE, MUTANT STRAINS; NEURONS; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN; SEROTONIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 35348992130     PISSN: 10588388     EISSN: 10970177     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21320     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aroca P, Puelles L. 2005. Postulated boundaries and differential fate in the developing rostral hindbrain. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 49:179-190.
2. Berthoud HR. 2002. Multiple neural systems controlling food intake and body weight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26:393-428.
3. Bouret SG, Simerly RB. 2006. Developmental programming of hypothalamic feeding circuits. Clin Genet 70:295-301.
4. Brodski C, Weisenhorn DM, Signore M, Sillaber I, Oesterheld M, Broccoli V, Acampora D, Simeone A, Wurst W. 2003. Location and size of dopaminergic and serotonergic cell populations are controlled by the position of the midbrain-hindbrain organizer. J Neurosci 23:4199-4207.
5. Cepeda-Nieto AC, Pfaff SL, Varela-Echavarria A. 2005. Homeodomain transcription factors in the development of subsets of hindbrain reticulospinal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 28:30-41.
6. Cone RD. 2005. Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system. Nat Neurosci 8:571-578.
7. Ellacott KL, Cone RD. 2004. The central melanocortin system and the integration of short- and long-term regulators of energy homeostasis. Recent Prog Horm Res 59:395-408.
8. Fan W, Ellacott KL, Halatchev IG, Takahashi K, Yu P, Cone RD. 2004. Cholecystokinin-mediated suppression of feeding involves the brainstem melanocortin system. Nat Neurosci 7:335-336.
9. Frasch M, Chen X, Lufkin T. 1995. Evolutionary-conserved enhancers direct region-specific expression of the murine Hoxa-1 and Hoxa-2 loci in both mice and Drosophila. Development 121:957-974.
10. Friedman JM. 2004. Modern science versus the stigma of obesity. Nat Med 10:563-569.
11. Grill HJ, Kaplan JM. 2001. Interoceptive and integrative contributions of forebrain and brainstem to energy balance control. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25(Suppl 5):S73-77.
12. Grove KL, Smith MS. 2003. Ontogeny of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y system. Physiol Behav 79:47-63.
13. Grove KL, Allen S, Grayson BE, Smith MS. 2003. Postnatal development of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y system. Neuroscience 116:393-406.
14. Grove KL, Grayson BE, Glavas MM, Xiao XQ, Smith MS. 2005. Development of metabolic systems. Physiol Behav 86:646-660.
15. Heisler LK, Jobst EE, Sutton GM, Zhou L, Borok E, Thornton-Jones Z, Liu HY, Zigman JM, Balthasar N, Kishi T, Lee CE, Aschkenasi CJ, Zhang CY, Yu J, Boss O, Mountjoy KG, Clifton PG, Lowell BB, Friedman JM, Horvath T, Butler AA, Elmquist JK, Cowley MA. 2006. Serotonin reciprocally regulates melanocortin neurons to modulate food intake. Neuron 51:239-249.
16. Karl T, Lin S, Schwarzer C, Sainsbury A, Couzens M, Wittmann W, Boey D, von Horsten S, Herzog H. 2004. Y1 receptors regulate aggressive behavior by modulating serotonin pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12742-12747.
17. Kishi T, Aschkenasi CJ, Lee CE, Mountjoy KG, Saper CB, Elmquist JK. 2003. Expression of melanocortin 4 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat. J Comp Neurol 457:213-235.
18. Kishi T, Aschkenasi CJ, Choi BJ, Lopez ME, Lee CE, Liu H, Hollenberg AN, Friedman JM, Elmquist JK. 2005. Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor mRNA in rodent brain: distribution and colocalization with melanocortin-4 receptor. J Comp Neurol 482:217-243.
19. Leibowitz SF, Alexander JT. 1998. Hypothalamic serotonin in control of eating behavior, meal size, and body weight. Biol Psychiatry 44:851-864.
20. Li AJ, Ritter S. 2004. Glucoprivation increases expression of neuropeptide Y mRNA in hindbrain neurons that innervate the hypothalamus. Eur J Neurosci 19:2147-2154.
21. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25:402-408.
22. Luque RM, Park S, Kineman RD. 2007. Severity of the catabolic condition differentially modulates hypothalamic expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone in the fasted mouse: potential role of neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 148:300-309.
23. Mizuno TM, Kleopoulos SP, Bergen HT, Roberts JL, Priest CA, Mobbs CV. 1998. Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA is reduced by fasting and [corrected] in ob/ob and db/db mice, but is stimulated by leptin. Diabetes 47:294-297.
24. Morton GJ, Cummings DE, Baskin DG, Barsh GS, Schwartz MW. 2006. Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight. Nature 443:289-295.
25. Park AJ, Bloom SR. 2005. Neuroendocrine control of food intake. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 21:228-233.
26. Ramos EJ, Meguid MM, Campos AC, Coelho JC. 2005. Neuropeptide Y, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and monoamines in food intake regulation. Nutrition 21:269-279.
27. Schubert FR, Lumsden A. 2005. Transcriptional control of early tract formation in the embryonic chick midbrain. Development 132:1785-1793.
28. Simon R, Lufkin T. 2003. Postnatal lethality in mice lacking the Sax2 homeobox gene homologous to Drosophila S59/slouch: evidence for positive and negative autoregulation. Mol Cell Biol 23:9046-9060.
29. Sutton GM, Duos B, Patterson LM, Berthoud HR. 2005. Melanocortinergic modulation of cholecystokinin-induced suppression of feeding through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in rat solitary nucleus. Endocrinology 146:3739-3747.
30. Thorens B, Larsen PJ. 2004. Gut-derived signaling molecules and vagal afferents in the control of glucose and energy homeostasis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 7:471-478.
31. Vollmer JY, Clerc RG. 1998. Homeobox genes in the developing mouse brain. J Neurochem 71:1-19.
32. Wallace JA, Lauder JM. 1983. Development of the serotonergic system in the rat embryo: an immunocytochemical study. Brain Res Bull 10:459-479.
33. Waters ST, Lewandoski M. 2006. A threshold requirement for Gbx2 levels in hindbrain development. Development 133:1991-2000.
34. Yang XJ, Mastaitis J, Mizuno T, Mobbs CV. 2007. Glucokinase regulates reproductive function, glucocorticoid secretion, food intake, and hypothalamic gene expression. Endocrinology 148:1928-1932.