Parental modeling, reinforcement, and information transfer: Risk factors in the development of child anxiety?

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 213-231

  Fisak Jr , Brian ^a   Grills Taquechel, Amie E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Children; Learning; Modeling; Parents; Reinforcement

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD PARENT RELATION; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LEARNING; PARENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REINFORCEMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILD; DISCLOSURE; HUMANS; LEARNING; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; PARENTS; REINFORCEMENT (PSYCHOLOGY); RISK FACTORS;

EID: 35148881598     PISSN: 10964037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-007-0020-x     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2002). Ten-year comparisons of problems and competencies for national samples of youth: Self, parent and teacher reports. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 10, 194-203
2. Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213-232
3. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
4. Barrett, P. M., Fox, T., & Farrell, F. (2005). Parent-child interactions with anxious children and with their siblings: An observational study. Behaviour Change, 22, 220-235
5. Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., Dadds, M. M., & Ryan, S. M. (1996). Family enhancement of cognitive style in anxious and aggressive children: Threat bias and the FEAR effect. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 187-203
6. Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (1997). At risk for anxiety: Psychopathology in the offspring of anxious parents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 918-924
7. Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (1998). Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social phobia. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
8. Bernstein, G. A., & Borchardt, C. M. (1991). Anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence: A critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 519-532
9. Bernstein, G. A., Borchardt, C. M., & Perwien, A. R. (1996). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1110-1119
10. Biederman, J., Rosenbaum, J. F., Bolduc, E. A., Faraone, S. V., & Hirshfeld, D. R. (1991). A high risk study of young children of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia with andwithout comorbid major depression. Psychiatry Research, 37, 333-348
11. Bouton, M. E., Barlow, D. H., & Mineka, S. (2001). A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder. Psychological Review, 108, 4-32
12. Bruch, M. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1994). Differences in perceptions of parental and personal characteristics between generalized and nongeneralized social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 8, 155-168
13. Bruch, M. A., Heimberg, R. G., Berger, P., & Collins, T. M. (1989). Social phobia and perceptions of early parental and personal characteristics. Anxiety Research, 2, 57-65
14. Buckley, A. F., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2006). Maternal modeling of coping: Relation to child anxiety. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 28, 59-80
15. Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNally, D., White, C., & Verduyn, C. (2005). Parenting skills training: an effective intervention for internalizing symptoms in younger children? Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 18, 45-52
16. Caster, J. B., Inderbitzen, H. M., & Hope, D. (1999). Relationship between youth and parent perceptions of family environment and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 237-251
17. Chorpita, B. F., Albano, A. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Cognitive processing in children: Relation to anxiety and family influences. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 170-176
18. Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597-600
19. Cobham, V. E., Dadds, M. R., & Spence, S. H. (1999). Anxious children and their parents: What do they expect? Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 220-231
20. Cook, M., & Mineka, S. (1989). Observational conditioning of fear-relevant versus fear-irrelevant stimuli in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 448-589
21. Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (1995). Epidemiology. In J. S. March (Ed.), Anxiety disorders in children and adolescence (pp. 109-122). New York: Guilford
22. Dadds, M. R., Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., & Ryan, S. (1996). Family processes and child anxiety and aggression: An observational analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 715-734
23. Dadds, M. R., Holland, D. E., Laurens, K. R., Mullins, M., Barrett, P. M., & Spence, S. H. (1999). Early intervention and prevention of anxiety disorders in children: Results at 2-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 67, 145-150
24. Dadds, M. R., Spence, S. H., Holland, D. E., Barrett, P. M., & Laurens, K. R. (1997). Prevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 65, 627-635
25. de Rosnay, M., Cooper, P. J., Tsigaras, N., & Murray, L. (2006). Transmission of social anxiety from mother to infant: An experimental study using a social referencing paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1165-1175
26. DiBartolo, P. M. & Helt, M. (this issue). Theoretical models of affectionate versus affectionless control in anxious families: A critical examination based on observations of parent-child interactions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
27. Dumas, J. E., LaFreniere, P. J., & Serketich, W. J. (1995). "Balance of Power": A transactional analysis of control in mother-child dyads involving socially competent, aggressive, and anxious children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 14, 104-113
28. Ehlers, A. (1993). Somatic symptoms and panic attacks: A retrospective study of learning experiences. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 31, 269-278
29. Eley, T. C. (2001). Contributions of behavioral genetics research: Quantifying genetic, shared environmental and nonshared environmental influences. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 45-59). New York: Oxford University Press
30. Feinman, S. (Ed.). (1992). Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy. New York: Plenum Press
31. Field, A. P., Argyris, N. G., & Knowles, K. A. (2001). Who's afraid of the big bad wolf: A prospective paradigm to test Rachman's indirect pathways in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1259-1276
32. Field, A. P., Hamilton, S. J., Knowles, K. A., & Plews, E. L. (2003). Fear information and social phobic beliefs in children: A prospective paradigm and preliminary results. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 113-123
33. Field, A. P., & Lawson, S. J. (2003). Fear information and the development of fears during childhood: Effects on implicit fear responses and behavioral avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1277-1293
34. Field, A. P., Lawson, S. J., and Banerjee, R. (2007). The longitudinal effects of fear information on implicit and explicit fear beliefs in children [submitted for publication]
35. Gerull, F. C., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Mother knows best: Effects of maternal modeling on the acquisition of fear and avoidance behavior in toddlers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 279-287
36. Ginsburg, G. S, Grover, R. L., Cord, J. J., & Ialongo, N. (2006). Observational measures of parenting in anxious and nonanxious mothers: Does type of task matter? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 323-328
37. Ginsburg, G. S., & Schlossberg, M. C. (2002). Family-based treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. International Review of Psychiatry, 14, 143-154
38. Ginsburg, G., Siqueland, L., Masia-Warner, C., & Hedtke, K. A. (2004). Anxiety disorders in children: Family matters. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 28-43
39. Grills, A. E., & Ollendick, T. H. (2002). Issues in parent-child agreement: The case of structured diagnostic interviews. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 5, 57-83
40. Gurner, K., Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1999). The relationship between anxious rearing behaviors and anxiety disorders symptomatology in normal children. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 30, 27-35
41. Hibbs, E. D., Hamburger, S. D., Lenane, M., Rapoport, J. L., Kruesi, M. J., Keysor, C. S., & Goldstein, M. J. (1991). Determinates of expressed emotion in families of disturbed and normal children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 757-770
42. Hornik, R., Risenhoover, N., & Gunnar, M. R. (1987). The effect of maternal positive, neutral, and negative affective communications on infant responses to new toys. Child Development, 58, 937-944
43. Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2001). Parent-child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1411-1427
44. Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Parent-child interactions in clinically anxious children and their siblings. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 548-555
45. Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. L. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 51-74). New York: Guilford Press
46. Jang, K. L. (2005). The behavioral genetics of psychopathology: A clinical guide. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
47. Kendall, P. C. (1994). Treating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 200-210
48. King, N. J., Gullone, E., & Ollendick, T. (1998). Etiology of childhood phobias: Current status of Rachman's three pathways theory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 297-309
49. King, N. J., & Ollendick, T. H. (1997). Treatment of childhood phobias. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 389-400
50. Last, C. G., Hersen, M., Kazdin, A. E., Francis, G., & Grubb, H. J. (1987). Psychiatric illness in the mothers of anxious children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1580-1583
51. Lonigan, C. L., and Phillips, B. M. (2001). Temperamental influences on the development of anxiety disorders. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 60-91). New York: Oxford University Press
52. Mineka, S., Davidson, M, Cook, M., & Keir, R. (1984). Observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 355-372
53. Mineka, S., & Zinbarg, R. (2006). A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders: It's not what you thought it was. American Psychologist, 61, 10-26
54. Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E., and Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 3, 471-476
55. Mumme, D. L., Fernald, A., & Herrera, C. (1996). Infants' responses to facial and vocal emotional signals in a social referencing paradigm. Child Development, 67, 3219-3237
56. Muris, P., Meesters, C., Merckelbach, H., & Hulsenbeck, P. (2000). Worry in children is related to perceived parental rearing and attachment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 487-497
57. Muris, P., & Merckelbach, H. (1998). Perceived parental rearing behavior and anxiety disorders symptoms in normal children. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 1199-1206
58. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., & Meesters, C. (2001). Learning experiences and anxiety sensitivity in normal adolescents. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 23, 279-283
59. Muris, P., Steernmen, P., Merckelbach, H., & Meesters, C. (1996). The role of parental fearfulness and modeling in children's fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 265-268
60. Ollendick, T. H. (1983). Reliability and validity of the revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSSC-R). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 685-692
61. Ost, L. G. (1987). Age of onset in different phobias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 223-229
62. Pincus, D. B., Eyberg, S. M., & Cholate, M. L. (2005). Adapting parent-child interaction therapy for young children with separation anxiety disorder. Education and Treatment of Children, 28, 163-181
63. Rachman, S. (1977). The conditioning theory of fear-acquisition: A critical examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15, 375-387
64. Rapee, R. M. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 47-67
65. Rapee, R. M. (2002). The development and modification of temperamental risk for anxiety disorders: Prevention of a lifetime of anxiety? Biological Psychiatry, 52, 947-957
66. Roelofs, J., Meesters, C., ter Huurne, M., Bamelis, L., & Muris, P. (2006). On the links between attachment style, parental rearing behaviors, and internalizing and externalizing problems in non-clinical children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15, 331-344
67. Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., & Hastings, P. D. (2002). Stability and social-behavioral consequences of toddlers' inhibited temperament and parenting behaviors. Child Development, 73, 483-495
68. Schwartz, C. E., Snidman, N., & Kagan, J. (1999). Adolescent Social Anxiety as an outcome of inhibited temperament in childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1008-1015
69. Shortt, A. L., Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Fox, T. L. (2001). The influence of family and experimental context on cognition in anxious children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 585-596
70. Silverman, W. K., Cerny, J. A., & Nelles, W. B. (1988). Behavior problems in children of parents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 779-784
71. Siqueland, L., Kendall, P. C., & Steinberg, L. (1996). Anxiety in children: Perceived family environments and observed family interaction. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 225-237
72. Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N., Campos, J. J., & Klinnert, M. D. (1985). Maternal emotional signaling: Its effect on the visual cliff behavior of 1-year-olds. Developmental Psychology, 21, 195-200
73. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Costello, A. (1987). Psychopathology in the offspring of anxiety disorder patients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 55, 229-235
74. Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Roberson-Nay, R., & Tervo, K. (2003). Parenting behaviors in parents with anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 541-554
75. Watt, M. C., & Stewart, S. H. (2000). Anxiety sensitivity mediates the relationships between childhood learning experiences and elevated hypochondriacal concerns in young adulthood. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49, 107-118
76. Watt, M. C., Stewart, S. H., & Cox, B. J. (1998). A retrospective study of the learning history origins of anxiety sensitivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 505-525
77. Weiss, D. D., and Last, C. G. (2001). Developmental variations in the prevalence and manifestation of anxiety disorders. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 45-59). New York: Oxford University Press
78. Whaley, S. E., Pinto, A., & Sigman, M. (1999). Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 826-836
79. Whitehead, W. E., Bush, C. M., Heller, B. R., & Costa, P. T. (1986). Social learning influences of menstrual symptoms and illness behavior. Health Psychology, 5, 13-23
80. Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W., & Chu, B. C. (2003). Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 134-151