메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 635-646

Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid biomarkers; Imaging; Mass spectrometry; PET ligands; Phosphorylation; Tau

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN; ALPHA 2 MACROGLOBULIN; ALPHA1 GLYCOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; BETA 2 MICROGLOBULIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CATHEPSIN D; CD5 ANTIGEN; CLUSTERIN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4B; COMPLEMENT FACTOR H; CONTACTIN; CYSTATIN C; DESMOPLAKIN; FIBRIN; HEMOPEXIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; PLASMINOGEN; PREALBUMIN; RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; VITAMIN D BINDING PROTEIN; VITRONECTIN; PLASMA PROTEIN;

EID: 35148855604     PISSN: 14737159     EISSN: 17448352     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.5.635     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0035209308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050
    • Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 15, 169-173 (2001).
    • (2001) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord , vol.15 , pp. 169-173
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Beckett, L.A.2    Scherr, P.A.3    Evans, D.A.4
  • 2
    • 0038708285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangle and neuron numbers, but not amyloid load, predict cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease
    • Giannakopoulos P, Herrmann FR, Bussière T et al. Tangle and neuron numbers, but not amyloid load, predict cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 60, 1495-1500 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1495-1500
    • Giannakopoulos, P.1    Herrmann, F.R.2    Bussière, T.3
  • 3
    • 0028831582 scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of plaques and tangles in the dementia of Alzheimer's disease: Correlations using three sets of neuropathological criteria
    • Nagy Z, Esiri MM, Jobst KA et al. Relative roles of plaques and tangles in the dementia of Alzheimer's disease: correlations using three sets of neuropathological criteria. Dementia 6, 21-31 (1995).
    • (1995) Dementia , vol.6 , pp. 21-31
    • Nagy, Z.1    Esiri, M.M.2    Jobst, K.A.3
  • 4
    • 0032995395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurofibrillary tangles in nondemented elderly subjects and mild Alzheimer disease
    • Haroutunian V, Purohit DP, Perl DP et al. Neurofibrillary tangles in nondemented elderly subjects and mild Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 56, 713-718 (1999).
    • (1999) Arch. Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 713-718
    • Haroutunian, V.1    Purohit, D.P.2    Perl, D.P.3
  • 6
    • 33845892752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic meta-analyses of Alzheimer disease genetic association studies: The AlzGene database
    • Bertram L, McQueen MB, Mullin K, Blacker D, Tanzi RE. Systematic meta-analyses of Alzheimer disease genetic association studies: the AlzGene database. Nat. Genet. 39(1), 17-23 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Genet , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Bertram, L.1    McQueen, M.B.2    Mullin, K.3    Blacker, D.4    Tanzi, R.E.5
  • 7
    • 34247639082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of human apolipoprotein E isoforms on the amyloid β-protein concentration and lipid composition in brain low-density membrane domains
    • Morishima-Kawashima M, Han X, Tanimura Y et al. Effects of human apolipoprotein E isoforms on the amyloid β-protein concentration and lipid composition in brain low-density membrane domains. J. Neurochem. 101(4), 949-958 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurochem , vol.101 , Issue.4 , pp. 949-958
    • Morishima-Kawashima, M.1    Han, X.2    Tanimura, Y.3
  • 8
    • 13344269000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From proteins to proteomes: Large scale protein identification by two-dimensional electrophoresis and amino acid analysis
    • Wilkins MR, Pasquali C, Appel RD et al. From proteins to proteomes: large scale protein identification by two-dimensional electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. Biotechnology 1, 61-65 (1996).
    • (1996) Biotechnology , vol.1 , pp. 61-65
    • Wilkins, M.R.1    Pasquali, C.2    Appel, R.D.3
  • 9
    • 0032875697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of complex protein mixtures using isotope-coded affinity tags
    • Gygi SP, Rist B, Gerber SA et al. Quantitative analysis of complex protein mixtures using isotope-coded affinity tags. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 994-999 (1999).
    • (1999) Nat. Biotechnol , vol.17 , pp. 994-999
    • Gygi, S.P.1    Rist, B.2    Gerber, S.A.3
  • 10
    • 0036708081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomics goes quantitative: Measuring protein abundance
    • Steen H, Pandey A. Proteomics goes quantitative: measuring protein abundance. Trends Biotechnol. 9, 361-364 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Biotechnol , vol.9 , pp. 361-364
    • Steen, H.1    Pandey, A.2
  • 11
    • 20444508181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics
    • Heck AJ, Krijgsveld J. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. Expert Rev. Proteomics 3, 317-326 (2004).
    • (2004) Expert Rev. Proteomics , vol.3 , pp. 317-326
    • Heck, A.J.1    Krijgsveld, J.2
  • 12
    • 0346252168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of N-terminal protein sequence tags from cyanogen bromide cleaved proteins as a novel approach to investigate hydrophobic proteins
    • Kuhn K, Thompson A, Prinz T et al. Isolation of N-terminal protein sequence tags from cyanogen bromide cleaved proteins as a novel approach to investigate hydrophobic proteins. J. Proteome Res. 6, 598-609 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Proteome Res , vol.6 , pp. 598-609
    • Kuhn, K.1    Thompson, A.2    Prinz, T.3
  • 13
    • 12444345515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thompson A, Schäfer J, Kuhn K et al. Tandem mass tags: a novel quantification strategy for comparative analysis of complex protein mixtures by MS/MS. Anal. Chem. 75, 1895-1904 (2003). • Demonstrates the use of isobaric tagging approaches for the quantitation of proteins in complex mixtures.
    • Thompson A, Schäfer J, Kuhn K et al. Tandem mass tags: a novel quantification strategy for comparative analysis of complex protein mixtures by MS/MS. Anal. Chem. 75, 1895-1904 (2003). • Demonstrates the use of isobaric tagging approaches for the quantitation of proteins in complex mixtures.
  • 14
    • 19944432197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ross PL, Huang YN, Marchese JN et al. Multiplexed protein quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents. Mol. Cell Proteomics 12, 1154-1169 (2004). • Further demonstration of the utility of isobaric tags.
    • Ross PL, Huang YN, Marchese JN et al. Multiplexed protein quantitation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents. Mol. Cell Proteomics 12, 1154-1169 (2004). • Further demonstration of the utility of isobaric tags.
  • 15
    • 0036638618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of potential cerebrospinal fluid molecular markers for Alzheimer's disease
    • Choe LH, Dutt MJ, Relkin N, Lee KH. Studies of potential cerebrospinal fluid molecular markers for Alzheimer's disease. Electrophoresis 23, 2247-2251 (2002).
    • (2002) Electrophoresis , vol.23 , pp. 2247-2251
    • Choe, L.H.1    Dutt, M.J.2    Relkin, N.3    Lee, K.H.4
  • 16
    • 0141957321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puchades M, Hansson SF, Nilsson CL, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Davidsson P. Proteomic studies of potential cerebrospinal fluid protein markers for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 118(1-2), 140-146 (2003). •• First of several papers cited that report the identity of differentially expressed proteins occurring in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Being closer to the brain, CSF may contain biomarkers in higher abundance compared with plasma.
    • Puchades M, Hansson SF, Nilsson CL, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Davidsson P. Proteomic studies of potential cerebrospinal fluid protein markers for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 118(1-2), 140-146 (2003). •• First of several papers cited that report the identity of differentially expressed proteins occurring in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Being closer to the brain, CSF may contain biomarkers in higher abundance compared with plasma.
  • 17
    • 33645776682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in neuropathologically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease and non-demented elderly subjects
    • Castano EM, Roher AE, Esh CL, Kokjohn TA, Beach T. Comparative proteomics of cerebrospinal fluid in neuropathologically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease and non-demented elderly subjects. Neurol. Res. 28, 155-163 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurol. Res , vol.28 , pp. 155-163
    • Castano, E.M.1    Roher, A.E.2    Esh, C.L.3    Kokjohn, T.A.4    Beach, T.5
  • 18
    • 21044455621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement protein isoforms in CSF as possible biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease
    • Finehout EJ, Franck Z, Lee KH. Complement protein isoforms in CSF as possible biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease. Dis. Markers 21, 93-101 (2005).
    • (2005) Dis. Markers , vol.21 , pp. 93-101
    • Finehout, E.J.1    Franck, Z.2    Lee, K.H.3
  • 19
    • 0037117721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in Alzheimer patients
    • Davidsson P, Westman-Brinkmalm A, Nilsson CL et al. Proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in Alzheimer patients. Neuroreport 13, 611-615 (2002).
    • (2002) Neuroreport , vol.13 , pp. 611-615
    • Davidsson, P.1    Westman-Brinkmalm, A.2    Nilsson, C.L.3
  • 20
    • 33847665648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease
    • Finehout EJ, Franck Z, Choe LH, Relkin N, Lee KH. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 61, 120-129 (2007).
    • (2007) Ann. Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 120-129
    • Finehout, E.J.1    Franck, Z.2    Choe, L.H.3    Relkin, N.4    Lee, K.H.5
  • 21
    • 0942276226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mining biomarkers in human sera using proteomic tools
    • Zhang R, Barker L, Pinchev D et al. Mining biomarkers in human sera using proteomic tools. Proteomics 4, 244-256 (2004).
    • (2004) Proteomics , vol.4 , pp. 244-256
    • Zhang, R.1    Barker, L.2    Pinchev, D.3
  • 22
    • 0041358773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A panel of cerebrospinal fluid potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Carrette O, Demalte I, Scherl A et al. A panel of cerebrospinal fluid potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Proteomics 3, 1486-1494 (2003).
    • (2003) Proteomics , vol.3 , pp. 1486-1494
    • Carrette, O.1    Demalte, I.2    Scherl, A.3
  • 23
    • 33845308197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis
    • Huang JT, Leweke FM, Oxley D et al. Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis. PLoS Med. 11, E428 (2006).
    • (2006) PLoS Med , vol.11
    • Huang, J.T.1    Leweke, F.M.2    Oxley, D.3
  • 24
    • 28844476625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel biomarker candidates by differential peptidomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease
    • Selle H, Lamerz J, Bueger K et al. Identification of novel biomarker candidates by differential peptidomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 8, 801-806 (2005).
    • (2005) Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen , vol.8 , pp. 801-806
    • Selle, H.1    Lamerz, J.2    Bueger, K.3
  • 25
    • 1542300665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural cell adhesion molecule in human serum. Increased levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Todaro L, Puricelli L, Gioseffi H et al. Neural cell adhesion molecule in human serum. Increased levels in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Neurobiol. Dis. 15, 387-393 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.15 , pp. 387-393
    • Todaro, L.1    Puricelli, L.2    Gioseffi, H.3
  • 26
    • 33750596715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hye A, Lynham S, Thambisetty M et al. Proteome-based plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Brain 129, 3042-3050 (2006). •• Most proteomics studies have reported protein changes in CSF, but plasma represents an attractive sample fluid because it is easier to access. This robust study shows the potential of plasma as a source of protein biomarkers. It is also important that a well-defined set of plasma samples was chosen. Extensive collections of both CSF and plasma will be required for further biomarker discovery and validation.
    • Hye A, Lynham S, Thambisetty M et al. Proteome-based plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Brain 129, 3042-3050 (2006). •• Most proteomics studies have reported protein changes in CSF, but plasma represents an attractive sample fluid because it is easier to access. This robust study shows the potential of plasma as a source of protein biomarkers. It is also important that a well-defined set of plasma samples was chosen. Extensive collections of both CSF and plasma will be required for further biomarker discovery and validation.
  • 27
    • 33645058671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic biomarker discovery in cerebrospinal fluid for neurodegenerative diseases
    • Zhang J, Goodlett DR, Montine TJ. Proteomic biomarker discovery in cerebrospinal fluid for neurodegenerative diseases. J. Alzheimers Dis. 8(4), 377-386 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Alzheimers Dis , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 377-386
    • Zhang, J.1    Goodlett, D.R.2    Montine, T.J.3
  • 28
    • 33747409456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of biomarkers with a multiplex quantitative proteomic platform in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative disorders
    • Abdi F, Quinn JF, Jankovic J et al. Detection of biomarkers with a multiplex quantitative proteomic platform in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative disorders. J. Azheimers Dis. 9, 293-348 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Azheimers Dis , vol.9 , pp. 293-348
    • Abdi, F.1    Quinn, J.F.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 29
    • 33645721632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anderson L, Hunter CL. Quantitative mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring assays for major plasma proteins. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. (4), 573-588 (2006). •• First publication to demonstrate the use of mass spectrometry assays for proteins in plasma. The authors note that high- and medium-abdundance proteins have value as clinical biomarkers and there is, therefore, much scope for MS-based assays, even without antibodies. An elegant study and a sign of things to come.
    • Anderson L, Hunter CL. Quantitative mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring assays for major plasma proteins. Mol. Cell. Proteomics. (4), 573-588 (2006). •• First publication to demonstrate the use of mass spectrometry assays for proteins in plasma. The authors note that high- and medium-abdundance proteins have value as clinical biomarkers and there is, therefore, much scope for MS-based assays, even without antibodies. An elegant study and a sign of things to come.
  • 30
    • 0346100510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomics for the identification of specifically oxidized proteins in brain: Technology and application to the study of neurodegenerative disorders
    • Butterfield DA, Castegna A. Proteomics for the identification of specifically oxidized proteins in brain: technology and application to the study of neurodegenerative disorders. Amino Acids (3-4), 419-425 (2003).
    • (2003) Amino Acids , vol.3-4 , pp. 419-425
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Castegna, A.2
  • 31
    • 1842467230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic analysis of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain: Insights into neurodegeneration
    • Butterfield DA, Castegna A. Proteomic analysis of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain: insights into neurodegeneration. Cell. Mol. Biol. 5, 747-751 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell. Mol. Biol , vol.5 , pp. 747-751
    • Butterfield, D.A.1    Castegna, A.2
  • 32
    • 1842505677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomics: A new approach to investigate oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease brain
    • Butterfield DA. Proteomics: a new approach to investigate oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain Res. 1000(1-2), 1-7 (2004).
    • (2004) Brain Res , vol.1000 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-7
    • Butterfield, D.A.1
  • 33
    • 0028899714 scopus 로고
    • Proline-directed and non-proline-directed phosphorylation of PHF-tau
    • Morishima-Kawashima M, Hasegawa M, Takio K et al. Proline-directed and non-proline-directed phosphorylation of PHF-tau. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 823-829 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem , vol.270 , pp. 823-829
    • Morishima-Kawashima, M.1    Hasegawa, M.2    Takio, K.3
  • 34
    • 0031741247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New phosphorylation sites identified in hyperphosphorylated tau (paired helical filament-tau) from Alzheimer's disease brain using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry
    • Hanger DP, Betts JC, Loviny TL, Blackstock WP, Anderton BH. New phosphorylation sites identified in hyperphosphorylated tau (paired helical filament-tau) from Alzheimer's disease brain using nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. J. Neurochem. 71, 2465-2476 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurochem , vol.71 , pp. 2465-2476
    • Hanger, D.P.1    Betts, J.C.2    Loviny, T.L.3    Blackstock, W.P.4    Anderton, B.H.5
  • 35
    • 2642566238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolomics - a new exciting field within the 'omics' sciences
    • Dettmer K, Hammock BD. Metabolomics - a new exciting field within the 'omics' sciences. Environ. Health Perspect. 112(7) 396-397 (2004).
    • (2004) Environ. Health Perspect , vol.112 , Issue.7 , pp. 396-397
    • Dettmer, K.1    Hammock, B.D.2
  • 37
    • 33846228447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased serum and red blood cell kynurenic acid levels in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hartai Z, Juhasz A, Rimanoczy A et al. Decreased serum and red blood cell kynurenic acid levels in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Int. 50(2), 308-313 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurochem. Int , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-313
    • Hartai, Z.1    Juhasz, A.2    Rimanoczy, A.3
  • 38
    • 33747885659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phillis JW, Horrocks LA, Farooqui AA. Cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in CNS: their role and involvement in neurological disorders. Brain Res. Rev. 52(2), 201-243 (2006). •• Comprehensive review of the role of these three enzyme systems, the metabolites produced and the association with neurodegenerative diseases. Section 10.5.1 is devoted specifically to AD and so most relevant to the subject of this article.
    • Phillis JW, Horrocks LA, Farooqui AA. Cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in CNS: their role and involvement in neurological disorders. Brain Res. Rev. 52(2), 201-243 (2006). •• Comprehensive review of the role of these three enzyme systems, the metabolites produced and the association with neurodegenerative diseases. Section 10.5.1 is devoted specifically to AD and so most relevant to the subject of this article.
  • 39
    • 25444475777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of 12/15 lipoxygenase products in AD and mild cognitive impairment
    • Yao Y, Clark CM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Pratico D. Elevation of 12/15 lipoxygenase products in AD and mild cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 58(4), 623-626 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol , vol.58 , Issue.4 , pp. 623-626
    • Yao, Y.1    Clark, C.M.2    Trojanowski, J.Q.3    Lee, V.M.4    Pratico, D.5
  • 40
    • 0036710931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzheimer's disease
    • Montine TJ, Neely MD, Quinn JF et al. Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33(5), 620-666 (2002).
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 620-666
    • Montine, T.J.1    Neely, M.D.2    Quinn, J.F.3
  • 41
    • 0035984342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes are not increased in Alzheimer's disease
    • Montine TJ, Quinn JF, Milatovic D et al. Peripheral F2-isoprostanes and F4-neuroprostanes are not increased in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 52(2), 175-179 (2002).
    • (2002) Ann. Neurol , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-179
    • Montine, T.J.1    Quinn, J.F.2    Milatovic, D.3
  • 42
    • 0026726198 scopus 로고
    • N-acetyl-L-aspartate and other amino acid metabolites in Alzheimer's disease brain: A preliminary proton nuclear magnetic resonance study
    • Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, Moosy J, McClure RJ, Pettegrew JW. N-acetyl-L-aspartate and other amino acid metabolites in Alzheimer's disease brain: a preliminary proton nuclear magnetic resonance study. Neurology 42, 1578-1585 (1992).
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1578-1585
    • Klunk, W.E.1    Panchalingam, K.2    Moosy, J.3    McClure, R.J.4    Pettegrew, J.W.5
  • 43
    • 0027322890 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease: Depiction of increased cerebral myo-inositol with proton MR spectroscopy
    • Miller BL, Moats RA, Shonk T, Earnst T, Wooley S, Ross BD. Alzheimer disease: depiction of increased cerebral myo-inositol with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 187, 433-437 (1993).
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.187 , pp. 433-437
    • Miller, B.L.1    Moats, R.A.2    Shonk, T.3    Earnst, T.4    Wooley, S.5    Ross, B.D.6
  • 45
    • 0033658774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the healthy elderly: Subcortical-frontal axonal N-acetylaspartate levels are correlated with fluid cognitive abilities independent of structural brain changes
    • Valenzuela MJ, Sachdev PS, Wen W, Shnier R, Brodaty H, Gillies D. Dual voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the healthy elderly: subcortical-frontal axonal N-acetylaspartate levels are correlated with fluid cognitive abilities independent of structural brain changes. Neuroimage 12, 747-756 (2000).
    • (2000) Neuroimage , vol.12 , pp. 747-756
    • Valenzuela, M.J.1    Sachdev, P.S.2    Wen, W.3    Shnier, R.4    Brodaty, H.5    Gillies, D.6
  • 46
    • 0034018507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional MR imaging using a visually guided saccade paradigm for comparing activation patterns in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and in cognitivdy able elderly volunteers
    • Thulborn K, Martin C, Voyvodic J. Functional MR imaging using a visually guided saccade paradigm for comparing activation patterns in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and in cognitivdy able elderly volunteers. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 524-531 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Neuroradiol , vol.21 , pp. 524-531
    • Thulborn, K.1    Martin, C.2    Voyvodic, J.3
  • 47
    • 23044467324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative magnetic resonance techniques as surrogate markers of Alzheimer's disease
    • Kantarci K, Jack CR Jr. Quantitative magnetic resonance techniques as surrogate markers of Alzheimer's disease. NeuroRx 2, 196-205 (2004).
    • (2004) NeuroRx , vol.2 , pp. 196-205
    • Kantarci, K.1    Jack Jr., C.R.2
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0036965918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targeting of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques for contrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging
    • Poduslo JF, Wengenack TM, Curran GL et al. Molecular targeting of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques for contrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging. Neurobiol. Dis. 11, 315-329 (2002).
    • (2002) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.11 , pp. 315-329
    • Poduslo, J.F.1    Wengenack, T.M.2    Curran, G.L.3
  • 50
    • 33947198109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: A case report
    • Bacskai BJ, Frosch MP, Freeman SH et al. Molecular imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B confirmed at autopsy: a case report. Arch. Neurol. 64(3), 431-434 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 431-434
    • Bacskai, B.J.1    Frosch, M.P.2    Freeman, S.H.3
  • 53
    • 34247196532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11C-PIB helped to discriminate AD from frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
    • 11C-PIB helped to discriminate AD from frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
  • 54
    • 34248579291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging β-amyloid burden in aging and dementia
    • Rowe CC, Ng S, Ackermann U et al. Imaging β-amyloid burden in aging and dementia. Neurology 68(20), 1718-1725 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.20 , pp. 1718-1725
    • Rowe, C.C.1    Ng, S.2    Ackermann, U.3
  • 55
    • 0002028752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus report on: Molecular and biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease
    • The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute of the Alzheimer's Association and the National Institute on Aging working group
    • The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute of the Alzheimer's Association and the National Institute on Aging working group. Consensus report on: molecular and biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 19, 109-116 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.19 , pp. 109-116
  • 56
    • 0037411512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frank RA, Galasko D, Hampel H et al. Biological markers for therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the biological markers working group; NIA initiative on neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 24(4), 521-536 (2003).
    • Frank RA, Galasko D, Hampel H et al. Biological markers for therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the biological markers working group; NIA initiative on neuroimaging in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 24(4), 521-536 (2003).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.