Nanometer positioning, parallel alignment, and placement of single anisotropic nanoparticles using hydrodynamic forces in cylindrical droplets

Nano Letters

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2693-2700

  Sharma, Richa ^a   Lee, Chang Young ^a   Choi, Jong Hyun ^a   Chen, Kejia ^a   Strano, Michael S ^a  

^a Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPECT RATIO; DROPS; DRYING; HYDRODYNAMICS; SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCN); SURFACE TREATMENT;

AIR-LIQUID-SUBSTRATE INTERFACES; ANISOTROPIC NANOSTRUCTURES; FLOW MODELS; LIQUID DRYING;

NANOPARTICLES;

CARBON NANOTUBE;

ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANICAL STRESS; METHODOLOGY; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROMANIPULATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PARTICLE SIZE; THEORETICAL MODEL; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

ANISOTROPY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROMANIPULATION; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NANOTECHNOLOGY; NANOTUBES, CARBON; PARTICLE SIZE; STRESS, MECHANICAL;

EID: 34948902922     PISSN: 15306984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nl0711211     Document Type: Article

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36. We attribute the difference between pure water and water/surfactant mixture to the differences in their surface tension. Surface tension directly determines the contact angle of drops. The large value of surface tension of water leads to only large contact angle drops to form on this substrate. Small diameter drops of few micrometers with large contact angle might be highly unstable and hence unable to form. As a result, no drop formation takes place. However, surfactant significantly lowers the surface tension, leading to formation of smaller contact angle drops that are stable and hence are able to form.
37. The cylinders that have a diameter ∼9.5 μm or higher take longer time (more than 3 s) to evaporate. These are the cylinders that are formed with contact area as two or more polar SAMs (including the nonpolar SAMs in between).
38. Initially, when the droplet is formed, nanotubes are present more in number in the central region of the droplet, which is the same as the central region of the polar SAM due to higher volume of liquid there. Ultimately, the SWNT end up in the lower volume region of the droplet in which the SAM edges are the same as the droplet edges. This rules out the fact that fast contraction along the length would have led to alignment. If fast contraction along the length would have led to alignment, then aligned nanotubes should be present in the entire polar SAM region after evaporation.
39. The actual value of the contact angle could not be estimated experimentally using goniometry because of the small dimensions of a few micrometers of the drop. Hence we did these calculations for a wide range (20-60°) of initial contact angles. Very similar results with slight variations were observed for them.
40. To verify that SDS/SWNT have no direct affinity for the polar SAM, several experiments were conducted where the patterned wafer was immersed directly into a SWNT solution (1 wt % SDS in water) for 2 min, as is typically done for equilibrium deposition. Negligible or no adhesion was found.