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Volumn 111, Issue 36, 2007, Pages 10651-10664

Molecular dynamics simulations of charged dendrimers: Low-to-intermediate half-generation PAMAMs

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFORMATIONS; COULOMB INTERACTIONS; DIELECTRIC MATERIALS; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR MODELING;

EID: 34848888946     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp072211x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (128)
  • 2
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    • Janssen, H. M.; Meijer, E. W. In Synthesis of Polymers: Materials Science and Technology Series; Schüter, A. D., Ed.; Cahn, R. W., Haasen, P., Kramer, E. J., series Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 1999; p 403.
    • Janssen, H. M.; Meijer, E. W. In Synthesis of Polymers: Materials Science and Technology Series; Schüter, A. D., Ed.; Cahn, R. W., Haasen, P., Kramer, E. J., series Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 1999; p 403.
  • 23
    • 84906365998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mallmace, F.; Canetta, E.; Lombardo, D.; Mazzaglia, A.; Romeo, A.; Monsù, Scolaro, L.; Maino, G. Physica A 2002, 304, 235.
    • Mallmace, F.; Canetta, E.; Lombardo, D.; Mazzaglia, A.; Romeo, A.; Monsù, Scolaro, L.; Maino, G. Physica A 2002, 304, 235.
  • 102
    • 0004275234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • version 2.12: CCLRC: Daresbury Laboratory
    • Forester, T. R.; Smith, W. In The DL_POLY_2 Reference Manualversion 2.12: CCLRC: Daresbury Laboratory, 1999: http://www.cse.clr-c. ac.uk/msi/software/DL_POLY/MANUALS/USRMAN2/USRMAN.html).
    • (1999) The DL_POLY_2 Reference Manual
    • Forester, T.R.1    Smith, W.2
  • 104
    • 84906365999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the case of half-generations, this formula holds by rounding g to the next higher integer value
    • In the case of half-generations, this formula holds by rounding g to the next higher integer value.
  • 105
    • 84906380172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No particular relevance is attributed to the greater sphericity of generation 0.5 in relation to generation 1.5. This is probably related to the fact that the conformation of generation 0.5 is more conditioned by the tetrahedral symmetry of the dendrimer core.
    • No particular relevance is attributed to the greater sphericity of generation 0.5 in relation to generation 1.5. This is probably related to the fact that the conformation of generation 0.5 is more conditioned by the tetrahedral symmetry of the dendrimer core.
  • 107
    • 84906394077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first Heavyside function appearing in the right-hand side of expression 8 should be defined with H(0) = 1, while the second function should be defined with H(0) = 0.
    • The first Heavyside function appearing in the right-hand side of expression 8 should be defined with H(0) = 1, while the second function should be defined with H(0) = 0.
  • 110
    • 84906408934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • About the top limit of the integral in expression 9, it defines the length of the cell and is inversely related to the polyelectrolyte concentration
    • About the top limit of the integral in expression 9, it defines the length of the cell and is inversely related to the polyelectrolyte concentration.
  • 111
    • 84906394078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notice, however, that the counterion radial distributions calculated from the simulations extend to radial distances below the dendrimer's hydrodynamic radius because these are not impenetrable spheres as assumed in the P-B cell model.
    • Notice, however, that the counterion radial distributions calculated from the simulations extend to radial distances below the dendrimer's hydrodynamic radius because these are not impenetrable spheres as assumed in the P-B cell model.
  • 115
    • 84906365996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The model dendrimer considered in ref 55 is a fourth-generation dendrimer with a trifunctional core and branching multiplicity 2. This topology corresponds to a total of 48 terminal groups. Because the PAMAM dendrimers simulated in this work have a tetrafunctional core, none of them matches the same stoichiometry of terminal groups (Table 1).
    • The model dendrimer considered in ref 55 is a fourth-generation dendrimer with a trifunctional core and branching multiplicity 2. This topology corresponds to a total of 48 terminal groups. Because the PAMAM dendrimers simulated in this work have a tetrafunctional core, none of them matches the same stoichiometry of terminal groups (Table 1).
  • 116
    • 84906394079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0 is a reference bond length which assumes the suggested value of approximately 6.7 Å for PAMAM dendrimer. This gives a box length of 94.9 Å that is smaller than any of the simulations boxes used in the present work.
    • 0 is a reference bond length which assumes the suggested value of approximately 6.7 Å for PAMAM dendrimer. This gives a box length of 94.9 Å that is smaller than any of the simulations boxes used in the present work.
  • 119
    • 84906380169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The box length of 321.4 Å, equivalently, the dendrimer concentration of 0.05 mM, correspond to the standard conditions used for the simulations reported in the other sections of this paper, as it is mentioned in Section 2.
    • The box length of 321.4 Å, equivalently, the dendrimer concentration of 0.05 mM, correspond to the standard conditions used for the simulations reported in the other sections of this paper, as it is mentioned in Section 2.
  • 120
    • 84906394080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • eff from the P-B model were calculated by considering a constant radius of 14.5 Å for generation 2.5 regardless of the dendrimer concentration, which is a first approximation, in view of the results shown in Section 3D.
    • eff from the P-B model were calculated by considering a constant radius of 14.5 Å for generation 2.5 regardless of the dendrimer concentration, which is a first approximation, in view of the results shown in Section 3D.
  • 121
    • 84906380170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integrals appearing in expression 16 were numerically evaluated using trapezoidal rule with a step of 9° for both polar and azimuthal coordinates. The final P(q) curve resulted from averaging over 21 conformations equally spread during the last 100 ps of simulation.
    • The integrals appearing in expression 16 were numerically evaluated using trapezoidal rule with a step of 9° for both polar and azimuthal coordinates. The final P(q) curve resulted from averaging over 21 conformations equally spread during the last 100 ps of simulation.
  • 122
    • 84906380168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimentally, the quantity q is referred to as the scattering vector and is defined as q = (4π/λ) sin(θ) where λ is the wavelength of the incident radiation and θ is the angle between the incident and scattered beams.
    • Experimentally, the quantity q is referred to as the scattering vector and is defined as q = (4π/λ) sin(θ) where λ is the wavelength of the incident radiation and θ is the angle between the incident and scattered beams.
  • 124
    • 84906394076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early computational and experimental studies of full-generation PAMAMs with amine core showed that a morphological transition from an open and oblate dendrimer conformation to a more compact and spherical structure occurs around generation 3.41 Recent computational studies (ref 46) of full-generation PAMAMs with ethylenediamine core (which is larger than the amine core) indicate, however, that this transition occurs one generation up, i.e, around generation 4. Our simulations involve ethylenediamine-core PAMAMs, and for that reason we refer to generations 3.5 and 4.5 as intermediate generations
    • 41 Recent computational studies (ref 46) of full-generation PAMAMs with ethylenediamine core (which is "larger" than the amine core) indicate, however, that this transition occurs one generation up, i.e., around generation 4. Our simulations involve ethylenediamine-core PAMAMs, and for that reason we refer to generations 3.5 and 4.5 as intermediate generations.
  • 125
    • 84906394075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • z, and 〈(⋯) 〉 represents the average over the various configurations sampled from the simulations.
    • z, and 〈(⋯) 〉 represents the average over the various configurations sampled from the simulations.
  • 127
    • 84906408931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fact that the study of ref 126 involves both full- and half-generation PAMAMs allows for some comparison between them. In particular, it is shown that methanol solutions of half-generation PAMAM display an ordering effect due to long-range electrostatic interactions from partial ionization of the dendrimer's terminal carboxylate groups that are not present in the integer generations. On the other hand, Nisato et al. (ref 49) have proved through SANS technique that full-generation PAMAM in aqueous solution under appropriate pH and ionic strength conditions also display liquid-like ordering effects.
    • The fact that the study of ref 126 involves both full- and half-generation PAMAMs allows for some comparison between them. In particular, it is shown that methanol solutions of half-generation PAMAM display an ordering effect due to long-range electrostatic interactions from partial ionization of the dendrimer's terminal carboxylate groups that are not present in the integer generations. On the other hand, Nisato et al. (ref 49) have proved through SANS technique that full-generation PAMAM in aqueous solution under appropriate pH and ionic strength conditions also display liquid-like ordering effects.
  • 128
    • 84906365991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -3 M.
    • -3 M.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.