메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 115, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 1197-1203

Relationships of thyroid hormones with polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, and DDE in adults

Author keywords

CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; DDE; Dioxin; Endocrine disruption; Furan; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; PCB; Thyroid; Thyroid stimulating hormone; Thyroxine; Toxic equivalents; TSH

Indexed keywords

1,1 DICHLORO 2,2 BIS(4 CHLOROPHENYL)ETHYLENE; DIOXIN; FURAN; ORGANOCHLORINE DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; THYROID HORMONE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; 2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE; CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; DRUG DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORODIBENZO 4 DIOXIN; POLYCHLORODIBENZO-4-DIOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 34848862155     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10179     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (120)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0038309307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring associations between serum levels of select organo-chlorines and thyroxine in a sample of New York State sportsmen: The New York State Angler Cohort Study
    • Bloom MS, Weiner JM, Vena JE, Beehler GP. 2003. Exploring associations between serum levels of select organo-chlorines and thyroxine in a sample of New York State sportsmen: the New York State Angler Cohort Study. Environ Res 93:52-66.
    • (2003) Environ Res , vol.93 , pp. 52-66
    • Bloom, M.S.1    Weiner, J.M.2    Vena, J.E.3    Beehler, G.P.4
  • 2
    • 33845317579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States
    • Blount BC, Pirkle JL, Osterloh JD, Valentine-Blasini L, Caldwell KL. 2006. Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States. Environ Health Perspect 114:1865-1871.
    • (2006) Environ Health Perspect , vol.114 , pp. 1865-1871
    • Blount, B.C.1    Pirkle, J.L.2    Osterloh, J.D.3    Valentine-Blasini, L.4    Caldwell, K.L.5
  • 3
    • 27244462332 scopus 로고
    • Competitive inhibition of thyroxin binding to transthyretin by monohydroxy metabolites of 3,4,3′,4′-tetra-chlorobiphenyl
    • Brouwer A, Klasson-Wehler E, Bokdam M, Morse DC, Traag WA. 1990. Competitive inhibition of thyroxin binding to transthyretin by monohydroxy metabolites of 3,4,3′,4′-tetra-chlorobiphenyl. Chemosphere 20:1257-1262.
    • (1990) Chemosphere , vol.20 , pp. 1257-1262
    • Brouwer, A.1    Klasson-Wehler, E.2    Bokdam, M.3    Morse, D.C.4    Traag, W.A.5
  • 4
    • 0033032411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
    • Calvert GM, Sweeney MH, Deddens J, Wall DK. 1999. Evaluation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose, and thyroid function among United States workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Occup Environ Med 56:270-276.
    • (1999) Occup Environ Med , vol.56 , pp. 270-276
    • Calvert, G.M.1    Sweeney, M.H.2    Deddens, J.3    Wall, D.K.4
  • 6
    • 0003447646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available:, accessed 27 June 2007
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007a. National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nhanes.htm [accessed 27 June 2007].
    • (2007) National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey
  • 7
    • 44949160005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available:, accessed 27 June 2007
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007b. Laboratory Procedure Manual: PCBs and Persistent Pesticides. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/ I28poc_b_met_pcb_pesticides.pdf [accessed 27 June 2007].
    • (2007) Laboratory Procedure Manual: PCBs and Persistent Pesticides
  • 8
    • 44949150377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available:, accessed 27 June 2007
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007c. Laboratory Procedure Manual: PCDDS, PCDFs and cPCBs. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/I28poc_b_met_dioxin_pcb.pdf [accessed 27 June 2007].
    • (2007) Laboratory Procedure Manual: PCDDS, PCDFs and cPCBs
  • 9
    • 44949084740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available:, accessed 27 June 2007
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007d. Laboratory Procedure Manual: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_01_02/I18t4_b_met_b_tsh.pdf [accessed 27 June 2007].
    • (2007) Laboratory Procedure Manual: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
  • 10
    • 44949235425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available:, accessed 27 June 2007
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2007e. Laboratory Procedure Manual: Thyroxin (T4). Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ nhanes/nhanes_01_02/l18t4_b_met_b_t4.pdf [accessed 27 June 2007].
    • (2007) Laboratory Procedure Manual: Thyroxin (T4)
  • 11
    • 33144478166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat
    • Fisher JW, Campbell J, Muralidhara S, Bruckner JV, Ferguson D, Mumtaz M, et al. 2006. Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. Toxicol Sci 90:87-95.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.90 , pp. 87-95
    • Fisher, J.W.1    Campbell, J.2    Muralidhara, S.3    Bruckner, J.V.4    Ferguson, D.5    Mumtaz, M.6
  • 12
    • 0035987543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Half-lives of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats, monkeys, and humans - a critical review
    • Geyer HJ, Schramm KW, Feicht EA, Behechti A, Steinberg C, Bruggemann R, et al. 2002. Half-lives of tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats, monkeys, and humans - a critical review. Chemosphere 48:631-644.
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.48 , pp. 631-644
    • Geyer, H.J.1    Schramm, K.W.2    Feicht, E.A.3    Behechti, A.4    Steinberg, C.5    Bruggemann, R.6
  • 13
    • 0035029527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of persistent organohalogens and hormone levels in adult male humans
    • Hagmar L, Bjork J, Sjodin A, Bergman A, Erfurth EM. 2001a. Plasma levels of persistent organohalogens and hormone levels in adult male humans. Arch Environ Health 56:138-143.
    • (2001) Arch Environ Health , vol.56 , pp. 138-143
    • Hagmar, L.1    Bjork, J.2    Sjodin, A.3    Bergman, A.4    Erfurth, E.M.5
  • 14
    • 0035039570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentrations of persistent organochlorines in relation to thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in women
    • Hagmar L, Rylander L, Dyremark E, Klasson-Wehler E, Erfurth EM. 2001b. Plasma concentrations of persistent organochlorines in relation to thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in women. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 74:184-188.
    • (2001) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.74 , pp. 184-188
    • Hagmar, L.1    Rylander, L.2    Dyremark, E.3    Klasson-Wehler, E.4    Erfurth, E.M.5
  • 15
    • 33746018949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-individual variations and time trends 1991-2001 in human serum levels of PCB, DDE and hexachlorobenzene
    • Hagmar L, Wallin E, Vessby B, Jonsson BA, Bergman A, Rylander L, 2006. Intra-individual variations and time trends 1991-2001 in human serum levels of PCB, DDE and hexachlorobenzene. Chemosphere 64:1507-1513.
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.64 , pp. 1507-1513
    • Hagmar, L.1    Wallin, E.2    Vessby, B.3    Jonsson, B.A.4    Bergman, A.5    Rylander, L.6
  • 16
    • 0036149789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: A target of nonpersistent ortho-substituted PCB congeners
    • Khan MA, Lichtensteiger CA, Faroon O, Mumtaz M, Schaeffer DJ, Hansen LG. 2002. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: a target of nonpersistent ortho-substituted PCB congeners. Toxicol Sci 65:52-61.
    • (2002) Toxicol Sci , vol.65 , pp. 52-61
    • Khan, M.A.1    Lichtensteiger, C.A.2    Faroon, O.3    Mumtaz, M.4    Schaeffer, D.J.5    Hansen, L.G.6
  • 18
    • 0038393307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCDD-mediated alterations in the AhR-dependent pathway in Seveso, Italy, 20 years after the accident
    • Landi MT, Bertazzi PA, Baccarelli A, Consonni D, Masten S, Lucier G, et al. 2003. TCDD-mediated alterations in the AhR-dependent pathway in Seveso, Italy, 20 years after the accident. Carcinogenesis 24:673-680.
    • (2003) Carcinogenesis , vol.24 , pp. 673-680
    • Landi, M.T.1    Bertazzi, P.A.2    Baccarelli, A.3    Consonni, D.4    Masten, S.5    Lucier, G.6
  • 19
    • 33847686850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fish from industrially polluted freshwater as the main source of organochlorinated pollutants and increased frequency of thyroid disorders and dysglycemia
    • Langer P, Kocan A, Tajtakova M, Petrik J, Chovancova J, Drobna B, et al. 2007. Fish from industrially polluted freshwater as the main source of organochlorinated pollutants and increased frequency of thyroid disorders and dysglycemia. Chemosphere 67:S379-S385.
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.67
    • Langer, P.1    Kocan, A.2    Tajtakova, M.3    Petrik, J.4    Chovancova, J.5    Drobna, B.6
  • 20
    • 0031728511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased thyroid volume and prevalence at thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Langer P, Tajtakova M, Fodor G, Kocan A, Bohov P, Michalek J, et al. 1998. Increased thyroid volume and prevalence at thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls. Eur J Endocrinol 139:402-409.
    • (1998) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.139 , pp. 402-409
    • Langer, P.1    Tajtakova, M.2    Fodor, G.3    Kocan, A.4    Bohov, P.5    Michalek, J.6
  • 21
    • 27944439640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary fundamental aspects on the thyroid volume and function in the population of long term heavily polluted area in East Slovakia
    • Langer P, Tajtakova M, Kocan A, Petrik J, Koska J, Ksinatova L, et al. 2004. Preliminary fundamental aspects on the thyroid volume and function in the population of long term heavily polluted area in East Slovakia. Organohalogen Compounds 66:3532-3537.
    • (2004) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.66 , pp. 3532-3537
    • Langer, P.1    Tajtakova, M.2    Kocan, A.3    Petrik, J.4    Koska, J.5    Ksinatova, L.6
  • 22
    • 34247601583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meeker JD, Altshul L, Hauser R. 2007. Serum PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men. Environ Res doi:10.1016/ j.envres.2006.11.007 [Online 26 December 2006].
    • Meeker JD, Altshul L, Hauser R. 2007. Serum PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men. Environ Res doi:10.1016/ j.envres.2006.11.007 [Online 26 December 2006].
  • 23
    • 0002839496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of drugs and other substances on thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism
    • Braerman LE, Utiger RD, eds, 9th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven
    • Meier CA, Burger AC. 2005. Effects of drugs and other substances on thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism. In: Warner and Ingbar's The Thyroid (Braerman LE, Utiger RD, eds), 9th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven, 229-246.
    • (2005) Warner and Ingbar's The Thyroid , pp. 229-246
    • Meier, C.A.1    Burger, A.C.2
  • 24
    • 0023547338 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in "Yusho" patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
    • Murai K, Okamura K, Tsuji H, Kajiwara E, Watanabe D, Akagi K, et al. 1987. Thyroid function in "Yusho" patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Environ Res 44:179-187.
    • (1987) Environ Res , vol.44 , pp. 179-187
    • Murai, K.1    Okamura, K.2    Tsuji, H.3    Kajiwara, E.4    Watanabe, D.5    Akagi, K.6
  • 25
    • 0035032189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of contamination level of dioxins and related chemicals on thyroid hormones and immune response systems in patients with "Yusho
    • Nagayama J, Tsuji H, Iida T, Hirakawa H, Matsueda T, Ohki M. 2001. Effects of contamination level of dioxins and related chemicals on thyroid hormones and immune response systems in patients with "Yusho". Chemosphere 43:1005-1010.
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.43 , pp. 1005-1010
    • Nagayama, J.1    Tsuji, H.2    Iida, T.3    Hirakawa, H.4    Matsueda, T.5    Ohki, M.6
  • 26
    • 23844472986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of environmental chemicals associated with neurodevelopmental effects in U.S. population
    • Needham LL, Barr DB, Caudill SP, Pirkle JL, Turner WE, Osterloh J, et al. 2005. Concentrations of environmental chemicals associated with neurodevelopmental effects in U.S. population. Neurotoxicol 26:531-545.
    • (2005) Neurotoxicol , vol.26 , pp. 531-545
    • Needham, L.L.1    Barr, D.B.2    Caudill, S.P.3    Pirkle, J.L.4    Turner, W.E.5    Osterloh, J.6
  • 27
    • 0032717202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children
    • Osius N, Karmaus W, Kruse H, Witten J. 1999. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children. Environ Health Perspect 107:843-849.
    • (1999) Environ Health Perspect , vol.107 , pp. 843-849
    • Osius, N.1    Karmaus, W.2    Kruse, H.3    Witten, J.4
  • 28
    • 0028657586 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory results for selected target organs in 138 individuals occupationally exposed to TCDD
    • Ott MG, Zober A, Germann C. 1994. Laboratory results for selected target organs in 138 individuals occupationally exposed to TCDD. Chemosphere 29:2423-2437.
    • (1994) Chemosphere , vol.29 , pp. 2423-2437
    • Ott, M.G.1    Zober, A.2    Germann, C.3
  • 30
    • 0037803469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) levels and thyroid function in Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War
    • Pavuk M, Schecter AJ, Akhtar FZ, Michalek JE. 2003. Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) levels and thyroid function in Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Ann Epidemiol 13:335-343.
    • (2003) Ann Epidemiol , vol.13 , pp. 335-343
    • Pavuk, M.1    Schecter, A.J.2    Akhtar, F.Z.3    Michalek, J.E.4
  • 33
    • 33747147737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations betiveen CB-153 and p,p'-DDE and hormone levels in serum in middle-aged and elderly men
    • Rylander L, Wallin E, Jönssson BA, Stridsberg M, Erfurth EM, Hagmar L 2006. Associations betiveen CB-153 and p,p'-DDE and hormone levels in serum in middle-aged and elderly men. Chemosphere 65:375-381.
    • (2006) Chemosphere , vol.65 , pp. 375-381
    • Rylander, L.1    Wallin, E.2    Jönssson, B.A.3    Stridsberg, M.4    Erfurth, E.M.5    Hagmar, L.6
  • 34
    • 0035126889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiophenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population
    • Sala M, Sunyer J, Herrero C, To-Figueras J, Grimalt J. 2001. Association between serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiophenyls with thyroid hormone and liver enzymes in a sample of the general population. Occup Environ Med 58:172-177.
    • (2001) Occup Environ Med , vol.58 , pp. 172-177
    • Sala, M.1    Sunyer, J.2    Herrero, C.3    To-Figueras, J.4    Grimalt, J.5
  • 35
    • 14944370042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the U.S. population: Current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Schecter A, Papke O, Tung KC, Joseph J, Harris TR, Dahlgren J. 2005. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the U.S. population: current levels, temporal trends, and comparison with dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Occup Environ Med 47:199-211.
    • (2005) J Occup Environ Med , vol.47 , pp. 199-211
    • Schecter, A.1    Papke, O.2    Tung, K.C.3    Joseph, J.4    Harris, T.R.5    Dahlgren, J.6
  • 36
    • 8144220223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function in relation to burden of PCBs, p.p'-DDE, HCB, mirex and lead among Akwesasne Mohawk youth: A preliminary study
    • Schell LM, Gallo MV, DeCaprio AP, Hubicki L, Denham M, Ravenscroft J. 2004. Thyroid function in relation to burden of PCBs, p.p'-DDE, HCB, mirex and lead among Akwesasne Mohawk youth: a preliminary study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 18:91-99.
    • (2004) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 91-99
    • Schell, L.M.1    Gallo, M.V.2    DeCaprio, A.P.3    Hubicki, L.4    Denham, M.5    Ravenscroft, J.6
  • 37
    • 22144457061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid adjustment in the analysis of environmental contaminants and human health risks
    • Schisterman EF, Whitcomb BW, Louis GM, Louis TA. 2005. Lipid adjustment in the analysis of environmental contaminants and human health risks. Environ Health Perspect 113:853-857.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 853-857
    • Schisterman, E.F.1    Whitcomb, B.W.2    Louis, G.M.3    Louis, T.A.4
  • 38
    • 0003812012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State Survey Data Reference Manual
    • College Station, TX:StataCorp LP
    • StataCorp. 2005. State Survey Data Reference Manual. Release 9. College Station, TX:StataCorp LP.
    • (2005) Release 9
    • StataCorp1
  • 39
    • 23844557127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones in pregnancy in relation to environmental exposure to organochlorine compounds and mercury
    • Takser L, Mergler D, Baldwin M, de Grosbois S, Smargiassi A, Lafond J. 2005. Thyroid hormones in pregnancy in relation to environmental exposure to organochlorine compounds and mercury. Environ Health Perspect 113:1039-1045.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 1039-1045
    • Takser, L.1    Mergler, D.2    Baldwin, M.3    de Grosbois, S.4    Smargiassi, A.5    Lafond, J.6
  • 40
    • 0031860429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dioxins and furans on liver enzymes, lipid parameters, and thyroid hormones in former thermal metal recycling workers
    • Triebig G, Warta E, Päpke O, Heim G, Broding C, Ludwig H. 1998. Effects of dioxins and furans on liver enzymes, lipid parameters, and thyroid hormones in former thermal metal recycling workers. Environ Health Perspect 106(suppl 2):697-700.
    • (1998) Environ Health Perspect , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 697-700
    • Triebig, G.1    Warta, E.2    Päpke, O.3    Heim, G.4    Broding, C.5    Ludwig, H.6
  • 41
    • 33749602638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of organochlorines with endogenous hormones in male Great Lakes fish consumers and nonconsumers
    • Turyk ME, Anderson HA, Freels S, Chatterton R Jr, Needham LL, Patterson DG Jr, et al. 2006a. Associations of organochlorines with endogenous hormones in male Great Lakes fish consumers and nonconsumers. Environ Res 102:299-307.
    • (2006) Environ Res , vol.102 , pp. 299-307
    • Turyk, M.E.1    Anderson, H.A.2    Freels, S.3    Chatterton Jr, R.4    Needham, L.L.5    Patterson Jr, D.G.6
  • 42
    • 31544467543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of serum levels of individual PCB, dioxin, and furan congeners, and DDE with Great Lakes sport-caught fish consumption
    • Turyk M, Anderson HA, Hanrahan LP, Falk C, Steenport DN, Needham LL, et al. 2006b. Relationship of serum levels of individual PCB, dioxin, and furan congeners, and DDE with Great Lakes sport-caught fish consumption: Environ Res 100:173-183.
    • (2006) Environ Res , vol.100 , pp. 173-183
    • Turyk, M.1    Anderson, H.A.2    Hanrahan, L.P.3    Falk, C.4    Steenport, D.N.5    Needham, L.L.6
  • 44
    • 0027054683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • van Birgelen APJM, van der Kolk J, Poiger H, van den Berg M, Brouwer A. 1992. Interactive effects of 2,2′,4,4′,5.5′-hexa-cholorbiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlarodibenzo-p-dioxin on thyroid hormone, vitamin A, and vitamin K metabolism in the rat Chemosphere 25:1239-1244.
    • van Birgelen APJM, van der Kolk J, Poiger H, van den Berg M, Brouwer A. 1992. Interactive effects of 2,2′,4,4′,5.5′-hexa-cholorbiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlarodibenzo-p-dioxin on thyroid hormone, vitamin A, and vitamin K metabolism in the rat Chemosphere 25:1239-1244.
  • 45
    • 33748751381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
    • Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, et al. 2006. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci 93:223-241.
    • (2006) Toxicol Sci , vol.93 , pp. 223-241
    • Van den Berg, M.1    Birnbaum, L.S.2    Denison, M.3    De Vito, M.4    Farland, W.5    Feeley, M.6
  • 46
    • 44949169741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanderpump M. 2005. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases. In: Warner and Ingbar's The Thyroid (Braerman LE, Utiger RD, eds). 9th ad. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven, 398-406.
    • Vanderpump M. 2005. The epidemiology of thyroid diseases. In: Warner and Ingbar's The Thyroid (Braerman LE, Utiger RD, eds). 9th ad. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven, 398-406.
  • 47
    • 27744490130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In utero exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and its relations to thyroid function and growth hormone in newborns
    • Wang SL. Su PH, Jong SB, Guo YL, Chou WL, Päpke O. 2005. In utero exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and its relations to thyroid function and growth hormone in newborns. Environ Health Perspect 113:1645-1650.
    • (2005) Environ Health Perspect , vol.113 , pp. 1645-1650
    • Wang, S.L.1    Su, P.H.2    Jong, S.B.3    Guo, Y.L.4    Chou, W.L.5    Päpke, O.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.