메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 12, 2006, Pages 1865-1871

Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States

Author keywords

Exposure; Iodine; NHANES; Perchlorate; Thyroid; Thyroxine; TSH

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ANDROGEN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; COTININE; ESTROGEN; FUROSEMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; IODINE; NITRATE; PERCHLORATE; THIOCYANATE; THYROID HORMONE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

EID: 33845317579     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9466     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (283)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0021348545 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones and thermogenesis: The metabolic cost of food and exercise
    • Acheson K, Jequier E, Burger A, Danforth E. 1984. Thyroid hormones and thermogenesis: The metabolic cost of food and exercise. Metabolism 33:262-265.
    • (1984) Metabolism , vol.33 , pp. 262-265
    • Acheson, K.1    Jequier, E.2    Burger, A.3    Danforth, E.4
  • 2
    • 0035001078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function. A 1-year study in healthy men
    • Andersen S, Pedersen KM, Pedersen IB, Laurberg P. 2001. Variations in urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function. A 1-year study in healthy men. Eur J Endocrinol 144:461-465.
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.144 , pp. 461-465
    • Andersen, S.1    Pedersen, K.M.2    Pedersen, I.B.3    Laurberg, P.4
  • 4
    • 10344261497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Belin RM, Astor BC, Powe NR, Ladenson PW. 2004. Smoke exposure is associated with a lower prevalence of serum thyroid autoantibodies and thyrotropin concentration elevation and a higher prevalence of mild thyrotropin concentration suppression in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6077-6086.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 6077-6086
    • Belin, R.M.1    Astor, B.C.2    Powe, N.R.3    Ladenson, P.W.4
  • 5
    • 0028024680 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and the thyroid
    • Bertelsen JB, Hegedus L. 1994. Cigarette smoking and the thyroid. Thyroid 4:327-331.
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 327-331
    • Bertelsen, J.B.1    Hegedus, L.2
  • 7
    • 20044378314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid function in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term
    • Braverman LE, He X, Pino S, Cross M, Magnani B, Lamm SH, et al. 2005. The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid function in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:700-706.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 700-706
    • Braverman, L.E.1    He, X.2    Pino, S.3    Cross, M.4    Magnani, B.5    Lamm, S.H.6
  • 8
    • 33745794694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of six months of daily low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid function in healthy volunteers
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0184 [Online 24 April 2006]
    • Braverman LE, Pearce EN, He X, Pino S, Seeley M, Beck B, et al. 2006. Effects of six months of daily low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid function in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:2721-2724; doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0184 [Online 24 April 2006].
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 2721-2724
    • Braverman, L.E.1    Pearce, E.N.2    He, X.3    Pino, S.4    Seeley, M.5    Beck, B.6
  • 9
    • 0004631709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to hypothyroidism
    • In: (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds). 8th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Braverman LE, Utiger RD. 2000. Introduction to hypothyroidism. In: Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds). 8th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 719-720.
    • (2000) Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text , pp. 719-720
    • Braverman, L.E.1    Utiger, R.D.2
  • 10
    • 0023636591 scopus 로고
    • Monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine during low and high calorie diets
    • Burger AG, O'Connell M, Scheidegger K, Woo R, Danforth E. 1987. Monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine during low and high calorie diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65:829-835.
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.65 , pp. 829-835
    • Burger, A.G.1    O'Connell, M.2    Scheidegger, K.3    Woo, R.4    Danforth, E.5
  • 11
    • 23644433685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary iodine concentration: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002
    • Caldwell KL, Jones R, Hollowell JG. 2005. Urinary iodine concentration: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Thyroid 15:692-699.
    • (2005) Thyroid , vol.15 , pp. 692-699
    • Caldwell, K.L.1    Jones, R.2    Hollowell, J.G.3
  • 13
    • 20044393286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Available: [accessed 20 March 2006]
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2003. Laboratory Procedure Manual. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/ nhanes_01_02/140t4_b_met_b_t4.pdf [accessed 20 March 2006].
    • (2003) Laboratory Procedure Manual
  • 14
    • 0003447646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Available: [accessed 20 March 2006]
    • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2004. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nhanes.htm [accessed 20 March 2006].
    • (2004) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  • 15
    • 1542619542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for competitive inhibition of iodide uptake by perchlorate and translocation of perchlorate into the thyroid
    • Clewell RA, Merrill EA, Narayanan L, Gearhart JM, Robinson PJ. 2004. Evidence for competitive inhibition of iodide uptake by perchlorate and translocation of perchlorate into the thyroid. Int J Toxicol 23:17-23.
    • (2004) Int J Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 17-23
    • Clewell, R.A.1    Merrill, E.A.2    Narayanan, L.3    Gearhart, J.M.4    Robinson, P.J.5
  • 18
    • 33746283468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: Potential thyroid-related health effects
    • DeGroef B, Decallonne BR, van der Geyten S, Darras VM, Bouillon R. 2006. Perchlorate versus other environmental sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors: Potential thyroid-related health effects. Eur J Endocrinol 155:17-25.
    • (2006) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.155 , pp. 17-25
    • DeGroef, B.1    Decallonne, B.R.2    van der Geyten, S.3    Darras, V.M.4    Bouillon, R.5
  • 19
    • 0033305105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol increases proliferation and down-regulates the sodium/iodide symporter gene in FRTL-5 cells
    • Furlanetto TW, Nguyen LQ, Jameson JL. 1999. Estradiol increases proliferation and down-regulates the sodium/iodide symporter gene in FRTL-5 cells. Endocrinology 140:5705-5711.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 5705-5711
    • Furlanetto, T.W.1    Nguyen, L.Q.2    Jameson, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 31544433721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative toxicological assessment of perchlorate and thiocyanate based on competitive inhibition of iodide uptake as the common mode of action
    • Gibbs JP. 2006. A comparative toxicological assessment of perchlorate and thiocyanate based on competitive inhibition of iodide uptake as the common mode of action. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 12:157-173.
    • (2006) Hum Ecol Risk Assess , vol.12 , pp. 157-173
    • Gibbs, J.P.1
  • 21
    • 0030947645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: Pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology
    • Glinoer D. 1997. The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology. Endocr Rev 18:404-433.
    • (1997) Endocr Rev , vol.18 , pp. 404-433
    • Glinoer, D.1
  • 22
    • 0038368617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease during pregnancy
    • In: (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds), Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Glinoer D. 2000. Thyroid disease during pregnancy. In: Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds), Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1013-1027.
    • (2000) Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text , pp. 1013-1027
    • Glinoer, D.1
  • 23
    • 0036719443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: The dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans
    • Greer MA, Goodman G, Pleus RC, Greer SE. 2002. Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: The dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans. Environ Health Perspect 110:927-937.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 927-937
    • Greer, M.A.1    Goodman, G.2    Pleus, R.C.3    Greer, S.E.4
  • 24
    • 0033584469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child
    • Harrow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. 1999. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 341:549-555.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 549-555
    • Harrow, J.E.1    Palomaki, G.E.2    Allan, W.C.3    Williams, J.R.4    Knight, G.J.5    Gagnon, J.6
  • 28
    • 0347985687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of circulating C-reactive protein levels to thyroid status and cardiovascular risk in hyperlipidemic euthyroid subjects: Low free thyroxine is associated with elevated hsCRP
    • Jublanc C, Bruckert E, Giral P, Chapman MJ, Leenhardt L, Carreau V, et al. 2004. Relationship of circulating C-reactive protein levels to thyroid status and cardiovascular risk in hyperlipidemic euthyroid subjects: Low free thyroxine is associated with elevated hsCRP. Atherosclerosis 172:7-11.
    • (2004) Atherosclerosis , vol.172 , pp. 7-11
    • Jublanc, C.1    Bruckert, E.2    Giral, P.3    Chapman, M.J.4    Leenhardt, L.5    Carreau, V.6
  • 29
    • 0026068569 scopus 로고
    • The thyroid function and size in healthy man during 3 weeks treatment with beta-adrenoceptor-antagonists
    • Kayser L, Perrild H, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Hegedus L, Skovsted L, Hansen JE. 1991. The thyroid function and size in healthy man during 3 weeks treatment with beta-adrenoceptor-antagonists. Horm Metab Res 23:35-37.
    • (1991) Horm Metab Res , vol.23 , pp. 35-37
    • Kayser, L.1    Perrild, H.2    Feldt-Rasmussen, U.3    Hegedus, L.4    Skovsted, L.5    Hansen, J.E.6
  • 33
    • 0032926099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid health status of ammonium perchlorate workers: A cross-sectional occupational health study
    • Lamm SH, Braverman LE, Li FX, Richman K, Pino S, Howearth G. 1999. Thyroid health status of ammonium perchlorate workers: A cross-sectional occupational health study. J Occup Environ Med 41:248-260.
    • (1999) J Occup Environ Med , vol.41 , pp. 248-260
    • Lamm, S.H.1    Braverman, L.E.2    Li, F.X.3    Richman, K.4    Pino, S.5    Howearth, G.6
  • 35
    • 0033829575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of short-term low-dose perchlorate on various aspects of thyroid function
    • Lawrence JE, Lamm SH, Pino S, Richman K, Braverman LE. 2000. The effect of short-term low-dose perchlorate on various aspects of thyroid function. Thyroid 10:659-663.
    • (2000) Thyroid , vol.10 , pp. 659-663
    • Lawrence, J.E.1    Lamm, S.H.2    Pino, S.3    Richman, K.4    Braverman, L.E.5
  • 36
    • 0028295107 scopus 로고
    • 3 syndrome in exercising women occurs at a threshold of energy availability
    • 3 syndrome in exercising women occurs at a threshold of energy availability. Am J Physiol 266:R817-R823.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Loucks, A.B.1    Heath, E.M.2
  • 38
    • 17644407255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchloric acid and perchlorates
    • In: (Kroschwitz JI, Howe-Grant M, eds). 4th ed. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    • Mendiratta SK, Dotson RL, Brooker RT. 1996. Perchloric acid and perchlorates. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 18 (Kroschwitz JI, Howe-Grant M, eds). 4th ed. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 157-170.
    • (1996) Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology , vol.18 , pp. 157-170
    • Mendiratta, S.K.1    Dotson, R.L.2    Brooker, R.T.3
  • 39
    • 85032847739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council. Washington, DC:National Academy Press
    • National Research Council. 2005. Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion. Washington, DC:National Academy Press.
    • (2005) Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion
  • 41
  • 42
    • 10744230905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease
    • Pearce EN, Bogazzi F, Martino E, Brogioni S, Pardini E, Pellegrini G, et al. 2003. The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease. Thyroid 13:643-648.
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 643-648
    • Pearce, E.N.1    Bogazzi, F.2    Martino, E.3    Brogioni, S.4    Pardini, E.5    Pellegrini, G.6
  • 43
    • 0000583915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone transport proteins and the physiology of hormone binding
    • In: (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds). Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Robbins J. 2000. Thyroid hormone transport proteins and the physiology of hormone binding. In: Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text (Braverman LE, Utiger RD, eds). Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 105-120.
    • (2000) Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text , pp. 105-120
    • Robbins, J.1
  • 44
    • 22244461482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation and perchlorate exposure potential of lettuce produced in the Lower Colorado River region
    • Sanchez CA, Krieger RI, Khandaker N, Moore RC, Holts KC, Neidel LL. 2005. Accumulation and perchlorate exposure potential of lettuce produced in the Lower Colorado River region. J Agric Food Chem 53:5479-5486.
    • (2005) J Agric Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 5479-5486
    • Sanchez, C.A.1    Krieger, R.I.2    Khandaker, N.3    Moore, R.C.4    Holts, K.C.5    Neidel, L.L.6
  • 46
    • 33746933274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate accumulation and potential exposure from durum wheat irrigated with Colorado River water
    • doi:10.1520/JAI100397 [Online 28 June 2006]
    • Sanchez CA, Krieger RI, Valentin-Blasini L, Blount BC, Khandaker N. 2006b. Perchlorate accumulation and potential exposure from durum wheat irrigated with Colorado River water. J ASTM Int; doi:10.1520/JAI100397 [Online 28 June 2006].
    • (2006) J ASTM Int
    • Sanchez, C.A.1    Krieger, R.I.2    Valentin-Blasini, L.3    Blount, B.C.4    Khandaker, N.5
  • 47
    • 33646361294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate and chlorate in dietary supplements and flavor enhancing ingredients
    • doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.029 [Online 16 March 2006]
    • Snyder SA, Pleus RC, Vanderford BJ, Holady JC. 2006. Perchlorate and chlorate in dietary supplements and flavor enhancing ingredients. Analytica Chimica Acta 567:26-32; doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.029 [Online 16 March 2006].
    • (2006) Analytica Chimica Acta , vol.567 , pp. 26-32
    • Snyder, S.A.1    Pleus, R.C.2    Vanderford, B.J.3    Holady, J.C.4
  • 48
    • 26944478884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term environmental exposure to perchlorate through drinking water and thyroid function during pregnancy and the neonatal period
    • Tellez RT, Chacon PM, Abarca CR, Blount BC, Landingham CB, Crump KS, et al. 2005. Long-term environmental exposure to perchlorate through drinking water and thyroid function during pregnancy and the neonatal period. Thyroid 15:963-975.
    • (2005) Thyroid , vol.15 , pp. 963-975
    • Tellez, R.T.1    Chacon, P.M.2    Abarca, C.R.3    Blount, B.C.4    Landingham, C.B.5    Crump, K.S.6
  • 49
    • 11344280656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter
    • Tonacchera M, Pinchera A, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Agretti P, Vitti P, et al. 2004. Relative potencies and additivity of perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide on the inhibition of radioactive iodide uptake by the human sodium iodide symporter. Thyroid 14:1012-1019.
    • (2004) Thyroid , vol.14 , pp. 1012-1019
    • Tonacchera, M.1    Pinchera, A.2    Dimida, A.3    Ferrarini, E.4    Agretti, P.5    Vitti, P.6
  • 50
    • 15744385276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (low grade inflammation) and fasting hyperinsulinemia
    • Tuzcu A, Bahceci M, Gokalp D, Tuzun Y, Gunes K. 2005. Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (low grade inflammation) and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Endocr J 52:89-94.
    • (2005) Endocr J , vol.52 , pp. 89-94
    • Tuzcu, A.1    Bahceci, M.2    Gokalp, D.3    Tuzun, Y.4    Gunes, K.5
  • 51
    • 0035136921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche
    • Urbansky ET, Brown SK, Magnuson ML, Kelty CA. 2001. Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche. Environ Pollut 112:299-302.
    • (2001) Environ Pollut , vol.112 , pp. 299-302
    • Urbansky, E.T.1    Brown, S.K.2    Magnuson, M.L.3    Kelty, C.A.4
  • 52
    • 33750980289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), Beltsville, MD:Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group. Available: [accessed 20 March 2006]
    • USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), 2004. USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 1.0. Beltsville, MD:Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ Services/docs.htm?docid-7673 [accessed 20 March 2006].
    • (2004) USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 1.0
  • 53
    • 33845318594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence Data: Accessing Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Data
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Available: [accessed 20 March 2006]
    • U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Occurrence Data: Accessing Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Data. Available: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ucmr/data.html [accessed 20 March 2006].
    • (2005)
  • 54
    • 17644362380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
    • Valentin-Blasini L, Mauldin JP, Maple D, Blount BC. 2005. Analysis of perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77:2475-2481.
    • (2005) Anal Chem , vol.77 , pp. 2475-2481
    • Valentin-Blasini, L.1    Mauldin, J.P.2    Maple, D.3    Blount, B.C.4
  • 55
    • 0019796502 scopus 로고
    • A multi-rule Shewhart chart for quality control in clinical chemistry
    • Westgard JO, Barry PL, Hunt MR, Groth T. 1981. A multi-rule Shewhart chart for quality control in clinical chemistry. Clin Chem 27:493-501.
    • (1981) Clin Chem , vol.27 , pp. 493-501
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Barry, P.L.2    Hunt, M.R.3    Groth, T.4
  • 56
    • 0003517743 scopus 로고
    • Indicators for Assessing Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Control through Salt Iodization
    • WHO (World Health Organization). WHO/NUT/94.6. Geneva: World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
    • WHO (World Health Organization). 1994. Indicators for Assessing Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Control through Salt Iodization. WHO/NUT/ 94.6. Geneva: World Health Organization/International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
    • (1994)
  • 57
    • 0031894033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perchlorate and the thyroid gland
    • Wolff J. 1998. Perchlorate and the thyroid gland. Pharmacol Rev 50:89-105.
    • (1998) Pharmacol Rev , vol.50 , pp. 89-105
    • Wolff, J.1
  • 58
    • 0004378920 scopus 로고
    • The effects of iodide, perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate administration upon the iodide concentrating mechanism of the rat thyroid
    • Wyngaarden JB, Stanbury JB, Rapp B. 1953. The effects of iodide, perchlorate, thiocyanate and nitrate administration upon the iodide concentrating mechanism of the rat thyroid. Endocrinology 52:568-574.
    • (1953) Endocrinology , vol.52 , pp. 568-574
    • Wyngaarden, J.B.1    Stanbury, J.B.2    Rapp, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.