Relationship among school size, school culture and students' achievement at secondary level in Pakistan

International Journal of Educational Management

Volumn 21, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 606-620

  Salfi, Naseer Ahmad ^a   Saeed, Muhammad ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Pakistan; Schools; Students

Indexed keywords

EID: 34748868418     PISSN: 0951354X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/09513540710822201     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Barker, R.G. and Gump, P.V. (1964), Big School, Small School: High School Size and Student Behavior, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
2. Barth, R. (2002), "The culture builder", Educational Leadership, Vol. 59 No. 8, pp. 6-11.
3. Berlin, B.M. and Cienkus, R.C. (1989), "Size: the ultimate educational issue", Education and Urban Society, Vol. 21, pp. 228-31.
4. Bossert, S.T. (1988), "School effects", in Boyan, N.J. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Educational Administration, Longman, New York, NY, pp. 341-52.
5. Bulach, C.R., Malone, B. and Castleman, C. (1995), "An investigation of variables related to student achievement", Mid-Western Educational Researcher, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 23-9.
6. Conant, J.B. (1959), The American High School Today, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
7. Cotton, K. (1996), "School size, school climate, and student performance", School Improvement Research Series, Close-up No. 20, available at: www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/10/c020.html (accessed 2 March 2007).
8. Darling-Hammond, L., Ancess, J. and Ort, S.W. (2002), "Reinventing high school: outcomes of the coalition campus school project", American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 39, pp. 639-73.
9. Deal, T.E. and Peterson, K.D. (1990), The Principal's Role in Shaping School Culture, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Washington, DC.
10. Deal, T.E. and Peterson, K.D. (1999), Shaping School Culture: The Heart of Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
11. Eberts, R., Kehoe, E. and Stone, J. (1984), The Effect of School Size on Student Outcomes (Final Report), Centre for Educational Policy and Management, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR.
12. Erpelding, C.J. (1999), "School vision, teacher autonomy, school climate and student achievement in elementary schools", Dissertation Abstract International, Vol. 60 No. 5, p. 1405, (Publication Number AAT 9930316).
13. Fowler, W.J. (1995), "School size and student outcomes", in Levin, B., Fowler, W. and Walberg, H.J. (Eds), Advances in Educational Productivity, No. 5, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 3-26.
14. Fowler, W.J. and Walberg, H.J. (1991), "School size, characteristics and outcomes", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 13, pp. 189-202.
15. Fox, W.F. (1981), "Reviewing economies of size in education", Journal of Education Finance, Vol. 6, pp. 273-96.
16. Gardner, V.A. (2001), "Does high school size matter for rural schools and students?", paper presented at the Annual Conference of the New England Educational Research Organization, Portsmouth, NH, April.
17. Gay, L.R. (2002), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, National Book Foundation, Lahore.
18. Government of Pakistan (1998), National Education Policy 1998-2010, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
19. Government of Pakistan (2003), School Education Statistics 2002-2003, Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
20. Government of Pakistan (2005), Summary Pakistan Education Statistics 2004-2005, Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
21. Government of Punjab (2005), School Education Statistics 2004-2005, Education Management Information System, Department of Education, Lahore.
22. Green, J. and Barnes, D. (1993), "Discipline in secondary schools: how administrators deal with student misconduct" (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 357 507), available at: http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/ data/ericdocs2/contentstorage01/0000000b/80/26/58/1f.pdf (accessed 14 December 2006).
23. Greenwald, R., Hedges, L.V. and Laine, R.D. (1996), "The effect of school resources on student achievement", Review of Educational Research, Vol. 66, pp. 361-96.
24. Gregory, T. (1992), "Small is too big: achieving a critical anti-mass in the high school, Report No. RC 019 319)", Source Book on School and District Size, Cost, and Quality, Report No. RC 019 318), Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Minnesota University, Minneapolis, MN and North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, Oak Brook, IL (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 361 159).
25. Habib, K., Shah, D. and Khawaja, S.H. (2004), "Comparing school performance to understand which schools are doing better by assessing and comparing quality of education", Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
26. Heckman, P.E. (1993), "School restructuring in practice: reckoning with the culture of school", International Journal of Educational Reform, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 263-71.
27. Hirase, S.K. (2000), "School climate", Dissertation Abstract International, Vol. 61 No. 2, p. 439 (Publication Number AAT 9963110).
28. Howley, C. (2002), "Small schools", in Molnar, A. (Ed.), School Reform Proposal: The Research Evidence, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, CT, pp. 49-78.
29. Jewell, R.W. (1989), "School and school district size relationships: costs, results, minorities, and private school enrolments", Education and Urban Society, Vol. 21, pp. 140-53.
30. Khan, H. and Shah, M.H. (2002), "Factors associated with learning achievement of grade-V students in public schools", Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education, Islamabad.
31. Lee, V.E. and Smith, J.B. (1997), "High school size: which works best and for whom?", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 19, pp. 205-27.
32. Lee, V.E., Smerdon, B.A., Alfeld-Liro, C. and Brown, S.L. (2000), "Inside large and small high schools: curriculum and social relations", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 22, pp. 147-71.
33. Lindsay, P. (1984), "High school size, participation in activities, and young adult social participation: some enduring effects of schooling", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 6, pp. 73-83.
34. McBrien, J.L. and Brandt, R.S. (1997), The Language of Learning: A Guide to Education Terms, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, VA.
35. McMillen, B.J. (2007), "School size, achievement, and achievement gaps", Education Policy Analysis Archives, Vol. 12 No. 58, available at: http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n58/ (accessed 3 March 2007).
36. Meier, D.W. (1996), "The big benefits of smallness", Educational Leadership, Vol. 54, pp. 12-15.
37. Mirza, M.S. and Hameed, A. (1994), "Differential achievement of primary age students and cost effectiveness by school type", Learning Achievement in Primary Schools of Pakistan - A Quest for Quality Education, Unesco in collaboration with Ministry of Education, Islamabad, pp. 16-17, 58-59.
38. Mok, M. and Flynn, M. (1996), "School size and academic achievement in the HSC examination: is there a relationship?", Issues in Educational Research, Vol. 6, pp. 57-78.
39. Morgan, G. (1986), Images of Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
40. Phillips, G. (1993), The School-Classroom Culture Assessment, Eduserv, British Columbia School Trustees Publishing, Vancouver.
41. Pittman, R.B. and Haughwout, P. (1987), "Influence of high school size on dropout rate", Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 337-43.
42. Retallick, J. and Mithani, S. (2003), "The impact of a professional development program: a study from Pakistan", Journal of In-service Education, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 405-22.
43. Saeed, M. (1997), "Job satisfaction among secondary and higher secondary school teachers in comparison to other international countries", Bulletin on Education and Research, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 37-58.
44. Saeed, M. (2003), "Assessing quality of student learning", Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 6 Nos 1-2, pp. 4-9.
45. Saeed, M., Gondal, M.B. and Bushra (2005), "Assessing achievement of primary grader students and factors affecting achievement in Pakistan", International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 486-99.
46. Stockard, J. and Mayberry, M. (1992), "Effective educational environments" (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 350 674).
47. Texas Education Agency (1999), "School size and class size in Texas public schools", Report Number 12, Document Number GE9 600 03, Texas Education Agency Office of Policy Planning and Research, Austin, TX.
48. Thomas, H.W. (1987), "The relationship between performances on the Georgia criterion referenced test and selected school effectiveness indicators", unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
49. Tucker, J.R. (1997), "A comparison of selected indicators of educational outcomes in small and large middle schools in Virginia", Dissertation Abstract International, Vol. 61 No. 9, p. 3419 (Publication Number AAT 9726310).
50. Walberg, H.J. (1992), "On local control: is bigger better?" (Report No. RC 019 324), Source Book on School and District Size, Cost, and Quality (Report No. RC 019 318), Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Minnesota University, Minneapolis, MN and North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, Oak Brook, IL (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 361 164).
51. Walberg, H.J. and Walberg, H.J. III (1994), "Losing local control", Educational Researcher, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 19-26.
52. Warwick, D.P. and Riemers, F. (1992), Teacher Training in Pakistan: Value Added or Money Wasted?, Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, MA.
53. Wasley, P.A., Fine, M., King, S.P., Powell, L.C., Holland, N.E., Gladden, R.M. and Mosak, E. (2002), Small Schools: Great Strides, A Study of New Small Schools in Chicago, The Bank Street College of Education, New York, NY.