Probability Matching Involves Rule-Generating Ability: A Neuropsychological Mechanism Dealing With Probabilities

Neuropsychology

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 621-630

  Unturbe, Jesús ^a   Corominas, Josep ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

decision making; hypothesis testing; probability matching; simple prediction task; uncertainty reduction

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTINGENT VALUATION; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOTHESIS; LEARNING; MALE; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROBABILITY; PROBABILITY MATCHING; REINFORCEMENT; RESPONSE TIME; SELF REPORT; SIMPLE PREDICTION TASK; TASK PERFORMANCE; UNCERTAINTY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PROBABILITY; REACTION TIME;

EID: 34748846282     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.21.5.621     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Bechara A. Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective. Nature Neuroscience 8 (2005) 1458-1463
2. Bechara A., and Damasio A.R. The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision. Games and Economic Behaviour 52 (2005) 336-372
3. Bechara A., Damasio H., and Damasio A.R. Risky business: Emotion, decision-making, and addiction. Journal of Gambling Studies 19 (2003) 23-51
4. Bechara A., Damasio H., Damasio A.R., and Lee G.P. Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making. The Journal of Neuroscience 19 (1999) 5473-5481
5. Bechara A., Damasio H., Tranel D., and Damasio A.R. Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science 275 (1997, February 28) 1293-1295
6. Bechara A., Tranel D., Damasio H., and Damasio A.R. Failure to respond autonomically to anticipated future outcomes following damage to prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex 6 (1996) 215-225
7. Bereby-Meyer Y., and Erev I. On learning to become a successful loser: A comparison of alternative abstractions of learning processes in the loss domain. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 42 (1998) 266-286
8. Birnbaum M.H., and Wakcher S.V. Web-based experiments controlled by JavaScript: An example from probability learning. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 34 (2002) 189-199
9. Bitterman M.E. The comparative analysis of learning. Science 188 (1975, September 1) 699-709
10. Bowman C.H., Evans C.E.Y., and Turnbull O.H. Artificial time constraints on the Iowa Gambling Task: The effects on behavioral performance and subjective experience. Brain and Cognition 57 (2005) 21-25
11. Brackbill N., and Bravos A. Supplementary report: The utility of correctly predicting infrequent events. Journal of Experimental Psychology 64 (1962) 648-649
12. Cheng P.W., and Holyoak K.J. Pragmatic reasoning schemas. Cognitive Psychology 17 (1985) 391-416
13. Cheng P.W., Holyoak K.J., Nisbet R.E., and Oliver R.M. Pragmatic versus syntactic approaches to training deductive reasoning. Cognitive Psychology 18 (1986) 293-328
14. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 111 (1992) 155-159
15. Cohen M.X., Heller A.S., and Ranganath C. Functional connectivity with anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices during decision-making. Cognitive Brain Research 23 (2005) 61-70
16. Cools R., Clark L., Owen A.M., and Robbins T.W. Defining the neural mechanisms of probabilistic reversal learning using event-related fMRI. Journal of Neuroscience 22 (2002) 4563-4567
17. Douglas R.J., and Pribram K.H. Learning and limbic lesions. Neuropsychologia 4 (1966) 197-220
18. Edwards W. Reward probability, amount, and information as determiners of sequential two-alternative decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology 52 (1956) 177-188
19. Edwards W. Probability learning in 1000 trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology 64 (1961) 385-394
20. Elliott R., Frith C.D., and Dolan R.J. Differential neural response to positive and negative feedback in planning and guessing tasks. Neuropsychologia 35 (1997) 1395-1404
21. Evans J.St.B.T. Heuristic and analytic processes in reasoning. British Journal of Psychology 75 (1984) 457-468
22. Evans J.St.B.T. Bias in reasoning: Causes and consequences (1989), Erlbaum, Hove, England
23. Evans J.St.B.T., and Lynch J.S. Matching bias in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology 64 (1973) 391-397
24. Evans J.St.B.T., and Over D.E. Rationality and reasoning (1996), Psychology Press, Hove, England
25. Fantino E. Behavior-analytic approaches to decision making. Behavioural Processes 66 (2004) 279-288
26. Fantino E., and Esfandiari A. Probability matching: Encouraging optimal responding in humans. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 56 (2002) 58-63
27. Fiorina P.M. Critique and comments: A note on probability matching and rational choice. Behavioral Science 16 (1971) 158-166
28. Garavan H., and Stout J.C. Neurocognitive insights into substance abuse. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (2005) 195-201
29. Garnham A., and Oakhill J. Thinking and reasoning (1994), Blackwell, Oxford, England
30. Goldberg D. Manual for the General Health Questionnaire (1978), National Foundation for Educational Research, Windsor, England
31. Goldberg E. The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind (2001), Oxford University Press, Oxford, England
32. Goldberg E., Harner R., Lovell M., Podell K., and Riggio S. Cognitive bias, functional cortical geometry, and the frontal lobes: Laterality, sex, and handedness. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 6 (1994) 276-296
33. Grant D.A., and Berg E.A. A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology 38 (1948) 404-411
34. Grant D.A., Hake H.W., and Hornseth J.P. Acquisition and extinction of a verbal conditioned response with differing percentages of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology 42 (1951) 1-5
35. Hajcak G., McDonald N., and Simons R.F. Error-related psychophysiology and negative affect. Brain and Cognition 56 (2004) 189-197
36. Hajcak G., Moser J.S., Holroyd C.B., and Simons R.F. The feedback-related negativity reflects the binary evaluation of good versus bad outcomes. Biological Psychology 71 (2006) 148-154
37. Heaton R.K., Chelune G.J., Talley J., Kay G.G., and Curtiss G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual: Revised and expanded (1981), Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL
38. Jollant F., Bellivier F., Leboyer M., Astruc B., Torres S., Verdier R., et al. Impaired decision making in suicide attempters. American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (2005) 304-310
39. Knowlton B.J., Mangels J.A., and Squire L.R. A neostriatal habit learning system in humans. Science 273 (1996, September 6) 1399-1402
40. Knowlton B.J., Squire L.R., and Gluck M. Probabilistic classification learning in amnesia. Learning and Memory 1 (1994) 106-120
41. Knowlton B.J., Squire L.R., Paulsen J.S., Swerdlow N., Swenson M., and Butters N. Dissociations within nondeclarative memory in Huntington's disease. Neuropsychology 10 (1996) 538-548
42. Libet B. Neural time factors in conscious and unconscious mental functions. In: Hameroff S.R., Kaszniak A.W., and Scott A.C. (Eds). Toward a science of consciousness: The first Tucson discussions and debates (1996), MIT Press, London 337-347
43. Maia, T. V., & McClelland, J. L. (2004). A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: What participants really know in the Iowa gambling task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16075-16080.
44. Maia T.V., and McClelland J.L. The somatic marker hypothesis: Still many questions but no answers. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (2005) 162-164
45. Mandler G., Cowan P.A., and Gold C. Concept learning and probability matching. Journal of Experimental Psychology 67 (1964) 514-522
46. Manes F., Sahakian B., Clark L., Rogers R., Antoun N., Aitken M., and Robbins T. Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Brain 125 (2002) 624-639
47. Manktelow K., and Evans J.St.B.T. Facilitation of reasoning by realism: Effect or non-effect?. British Journal of Psychology 70 (1979) 477-488
48. Murphy F.C., Rubinsztein J.S., Michael A., Rogers R.D., Robbins T.W., Paykel E.S., et al. Decision-making cognition in mania and depression. Psychological Medicine 31 (2001) 679-693
49. Overman W.H., Bachevalier J., Schuhmann E., and McDonough-Ryan P. Sexually dimorphic brain development: A comparative perspective. In: Kransegor N.A., Lyon G.R., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. (Eds). Development of the prefrontal cortex (1997), Paul H. Brookes, London 337-357
50. Ptak R., Gutbrod K., Perrig W., and Schnider A. Probabilistic contingency learning with limbic or prefrontal damage. Behavioral Neuroscience 115 (2001) 993-1001
51. Rabbitt P.M.A. Sequential reactions. In: Holding D. (Ed). Human skills (1981), Wiley, New York 153-175
52. Rogers R.D., Everitt D.J., Baldacchino A., Blackshaw A.J., Swainson R., Wynne K., et al. Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-depleted normal volunteers: Evidence for monoaminergic mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology 20 (1999) 322-339
53. Rumbaugh D.M. Competence, cortex, and primate models: A comparative primate perspective. In: Kransegor N.A., Lyon G.R., and Goldman-Rakic P.S. (Eds). Development of the prefrontal cortex (1997), Paul H. Brookes, London 117-139
54. Sabes P.N., and Jordan M.I. Reinforcement learning by probability matching. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 8 (1996) 1080-1086
55. Sanfey, A. G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Is knowing always feeling? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 16709-16710.
56. Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 93, 13515-13522.
57. Stanovich K.E. Who is rational?: Studies of differential differences in reasoning (1999), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
58. Sutherland S. Irrationality: The enemy within (1992), Penguin, London
59. Sutherland S. Irrationality: Why we don't think straight! (1995), Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ
60. Swainson R., Rogers R.D., Sahakian B.J., Summers B.A., Polkey C.E., and Roberts T.W. Probabilistic learning and reversal deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease or frontal or temporal lobe lesions: Possible adverse effects of dopaminergic medication. Neuropsychologia 38 (2000) 596-612
61. Toplak M.E., Jain U., and Tannock R. Executive and motivational processes in adolescents with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Behavioral and Brain Functions 1 (2005) 1-12
62. Unturbe J. Comportamiento de control y reducción de incertidumbre [Behavior of control and uncertainty reduction.]. Psiquis 24 (2003) 159-166
63. Unturbe, J. (2007). Efecto matching en esquizofrenia: Una aproximación neuropsicológia a la irracionalidad en la toma de decisiones bajo incertidumbre [Matching effect in schizophrenia: A neuropsychological approach to irrationality in decision-making under uncertainty]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Barcelona.
64. Vulkan N. An economist's perspective on probability matching. Journal of Economic Surveys 14 (2000) 101-118
65. Walsh V. Hemispheric asymmetries: A brain in two minds. Current Biology 10 (2000) R460-R462
66. Wason P.C. Reasoning. In: Foss B. (Ed). New horizons in psychology (1966), Penguin, Harmondsworth, England 135-151
67. Wason P.C., and Evans J.St.B.T. Dual processes in reasoning?. Cognition 3 (1975) 141-154
68. Wechsler D. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (1997), Psychological Corporation, New York
69. Wechsler D. Escala de inteligencia de Wechsler para adultos-III [WAIS-III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale] (1999), TEA Eds, Madrid, Spain
70. Wolford G., Miller M.B., and Gazzaniga M.S. The left hemisphere's role in hypothesis formation. The Journal of Neuroscience 20 RC64 (2000) 1-4. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/20/6/RC64 Retrieved March 15, 2000 from http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/reprint/20/6/RC64
71. Wright J.C. Consistency and complexity of response sequences as a function of schedules of noncontingent reward. Journal of Experimental Psychology 63 (1962) 601-609
72. Yellott J.I. Probability learning with noncontingent success. Journal of Mathematical Psychology 6 (1969) 541-575
73. Zigmond A.S., and Snaith R.P. The Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia 67 (1983) 361-370