Markedly impaired fibrinolytic balance contributes to cardiovascular risk in adults with growth hormone deficiency

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 92, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 3633-3639

  Devin, Jessica K ^a,c   Blevins Jr , Lewis S ^b   Verity, Denise K ^a   Chen, Qingxia ^a   Bloodworth Jr , John R ^a   Covington, Joseph ^a   Vaughan, Douglas E ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c 715 Preston Research Building ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH HORMONE; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FIBRINOLYSIS; GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN; MALE; MORBIDITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; VEIN DILATATION; VEIN OCCLUSION PLETHYSMOGRAPHY;

EID: 34548794192     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 0021972X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0609     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bulow B, Hagmar L, Eskilsson J, Erfurth EM 2000 Hypopituitary females have a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:574-584
2. Bulow B, Hagmar L, Mikoczy Z, Nordstrom CH, Erfurth EM 1997 Increased cerebrovascular mortality in patients with hypopituitarism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 46:75-81
3. Rosen T, Bengtsson BA 1990 Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet 336:285-288
4. Erfurth EM, Bulow B, Eskilsson J, Hagmar L 1999 High incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in women with hypopituitarism not receiving growth hormone treatment: preliminary results. Growth Horm IGF Res 9(Suppl A):21-24
5. Weaver JU, Monson JP, Noonan K, John WG, Edwards A, Evans KA, Cunningham J 1995 The effect of low dose recombinant human growth hormone replacement on regional fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:153-159
6. Colao A, Di Somma C, Rota F, Pivonello R, Savanelli MC, Spiezia S, Lombardi G 2005 Short-term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment or deprivation on cardiovascular risk parameters and intima-media thickness at carotid arteries in patients with severe GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2056-2062
7. Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Llevadot J, Hayden D, Hanson G, Rifai N, Klibanski A 2000 Effects of growth hormone administration on inflammatory and other cardiovascular risk markers in men with growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 133:111-122
8. Colao A, Di Somma C, Cuocolo A, Filippella M, Rota F, Acampa W, Savastano S, Salvatore M, Lombardi G 2004 The severity of growth hormone deficiency correlates with the severity of cardiac impairment in 100 adult patients with hypopituitarism: an observational, case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:5998-6004
9. Colao A, Di Somma C, Pivonello R, Cuocolo A, Spinelli L, Bonaduce D, Salvatore M, Lombardi G 2002 The cardiovascular risk of adult GH deficiency (GHD) improved after GH replacement and worsened in untreated GHD: a 12-month prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1088-1093
10. Smith JC, Evans LM, Wilkinson I, Goodfellow J, Cockcroft JR, Scanlon MF, Davies JS 2002 Effects of GH replacement on endothelial function and largeartery stiffness in GH-deficient adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 56:493-501
11. Elhadd TA, Abdu TA, Oxtoby J, Kennedy G, McLaren M, Neary R, Belch JJ, Clayton RN 2001 Biochemical and biophysical markers of endothelial dysfunction in adults with hypopituitarism and severe GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:4223-4232
12. Pfeifer M, Verhovec R, Zizek B, Prezelj J, Poredos P, Clayton RN 1999 Growth hormone (GH) treatment reverses early atherosclerotic changes in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:453-457
13. Vaughan DE 1998 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: a common denominator in cardiovascular disease. J Invest Med 46:370-376
14. Johansson JO, Landin K, Tengborn L, Rosen T, Bengtsson BA 1994 High fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in growth hormone-deficient adults. Arterioscler Thromb 14:434-437
15. Johansson JO, Landin K, Johannsson G, Tengborn L, Bengtsson BA 1996 Long-term treatment with growth hormone decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue plasminogen activator in growth hormone-deficient adults. Thromb Haemost 76:422-428
16. Kvasnicka J, Marek J, Kvasnicka T, Weiss V, Markova M, Stepan J, Umlaufova A 2000 Increase of adhesion molecules, fibrinogen, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and orosomucoid in growth hormone (GH) deficient adults and their modulation by recombinant human GH replacement. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 52:543-548
17. Schoenhard JA, Smith LH, Painter CA, Eren M, Johnson CH, Vaughan DE 2003 Regulation of the PAI-1 promoter by circadian clock components: differential activation by BMAL1 and BMAL2. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35:473-481
18. Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Rigotti P, Di Landro D, Theodoridis P, Fioretti M, Capalbo M, Saggiorato G, Boeri G, Girolami A 1995 Reduced fibrinolytic potential one year after kidney transplantation. Relationship to long-term steroid treatment. Transplantation 59:1416-1420
19. Patrassi GM, Sartori MT, Livi U, Casonato A, Danesin C, Vettore S, Girolami A 1997 Impairment of fibrinolytic potential in long-term steroid treatment after heart transplantation. Transplantation 64:1610-1614
20. Dupont WD, Plummer WD, Jr 1990 Power and sample size calculations. A review and computer program. Control Clin Trials 11:116-128
21. Brown NJ, Agirbasli MA, Williams GH, Litchfield WR, Vaughan DE 1998 Effect of activation and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on plasma PAI-1. Hypertension 32:965-971
22. Sartorio A, Cattaneo M, Bucciarelli P, Bottasso B, Porretti S, Epaminonda P, Faglia G, Arosio M 2000 Alterations of haemostatic and fibrinolytic markers in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency and with acromegaly. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 108:486-492
23. van der Bom JG, Bots ML, Haverkate F, Kluft C, Grobbee DE 2003 The 4G5G polymorphism in the gene for PAI-1 and the circadian oscillation of plasma PAI-1. Blood 101:1841-1844
24. Vaughan DE 2003 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the calculus of mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation 108:376-377
25. Huber K 2001 Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (part one): basic mechanisms, regulation, and role for thromboembolic disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 11:183-193
26. Hou B, Eren M, Painter CA, Covington JW, Dixon JD, Schoenhard JA, Vaughan DE 2004 Tumor necrosis factor α activates the human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene through a distal nuclear factor κB site. J Biol Chem 279:18127-18136
27. Kralisch S, Klein J, Lossner U, Bluher M, Paschke R, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M 2006 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and secretion are stimulated by growth hormone and interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 253:56-62
28. Napoli R, Guardasole V, Angelini V, D'Amico F, Zarra E, Matarazzo M, Sacca L 2003 Acute effects of growth hormone on vascular function in human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2817-2820
29. Christ ER, Chowienczyk PJ, Sonksen PH, Russel-Jones DL 1999 Growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency improves vascular reactivity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 51:21-25
30. Evans LM, Davies JS, Goodfellow J, Rees JA, Scanlon MF 1999 Endothelial dysfunction in hypopituitary adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 50:457-464
31. Wickman A, Jonsdottir IH, Bergstrom G, Hedin L 2002GHand IGF-I regulate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cardiovascular tissues of hypophysectomized female rats. Eur J Endocrinol 147:523-533
32. Thum T, Tsikas D, Frolich JC, Borlak J 2003 Growth hormone induces eNOS expression and nitric oxide release in a cultured human endothelial cell line. FEBS Lett 555:567-571
33. Katoh M, Egashira K, Mitsui T, Chishima S, Takeshita A, Narita H 2000 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prevents plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in a rat model with cardiovascular remodeling induced by chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 32:73-83
34. Boger RH, Skamira C, Bode-Boger SM, Brabant G, von zur Muhlen A, Frolich JC 1996 Nitric oxide may mediate the hemodynamic effects of recombinant growth hormone in patients with acquired growth hormone deficiency. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Invest 98:2706-2713
35. Zeng G, Nystrom FH, Ravichandran LV, Cong LN, Kirby M, Mostowski H, Quon MJ 2000 Roles for insulin receptor, PI3-kinase, and Akt in insulinsignaling pathways related to production of nitric oxide in human vascular endothelial cells. Circulation 101:1539-1545
36. Giavoli C, Libe R, Corbetta S, Ferrante E, Lania A, Arosio M, Spada A, Beck-Peccoz P 2004 Effect of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) replacement on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in adult GH-deficient patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:5397-5401
37. Stewart PM, Toogood AA, Tomlinson JW 2001 Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. Horm Res 56(Suppl 1):1-6
38. Verhelst J, Abs R 2002 Long-term growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults. Drugs 62:2399-2412
39. Rosen T, Bosaeus I, Tolli J, Lindstedt G, Bengtsson BA 1993 Increased body fat mass and decreased extracellular fluid volume in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 38:63-71
40. Johannsson G, Gibney J, Wolthers T, Leung KC, Ho KK 2005 Independent and combined effects of testosterone and growth hormone on extracellular water in hypopituitary men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:3989-3994