Advances In The Formulation Of Emotional Security Theory: An Ethologically Based Perspective

Advances in Child Development and Behavior

Volumn 35, Issue , 2007, Pages 87-137

  Davies, Patrick T ^a   Sturge Apple, Melissa L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD PARENT RELATION; CONFLICT; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FAMILY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

AFFECT; CHILD; CONFLICT (PSYCHOLOGY); FAMILY; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; PARENT-CHILD RELATIONS; PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY;

EID: 34548418436     PISSN: 00652407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-009735-7.50008-6     Document Type: Article

References (146)

1. Ainsworth M.D. Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development 1969, 40:969-1025.
2. Ainsworth M.D. Attachment and dependency: A comparison. Attachment and dependency 1972, 97-137. V. H. Winston & Sons, Oxford, England. J.L. Gewirtz (Ed.).
3. Ainsworth M.D.S., Blehar M.C., Waters E., Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation 1978, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
4. Allan S., Gilbert P. Submissive behaviour and psychopathology. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1997, 36:467-488.
5. Amaral D.G., Bauman M.D., Capitanio J.P., Lavenex P., Mason W.A., Mauldin-Jourdain M.L., Mendoza S.P. The amygdala: Is it an essential component of the neural network for social cognition?. Neuropsychologia 2003, 41:517-522.
6. Barrett L.F., Wager T. The structure of emotion: Evidence from the neuroimaging of emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2006, 15:79-85.
7. Bell D.C., Richard A.J. The search for a caregiving motivation. Psychological Inquiry 2000, 11:124-128.
8. Belsky J. Differential susceptibility to rearing influence: An evolutionary hypothesis and some evidence. Origins of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and child development 2005, 139-163. Guilford, New York. B. Ellis, D. Bjorklund (Eds.).
9. Blatz W.E. Human security: Some reflections 1966, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
10. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. Vol. I: Attachment 1969/1982, Basic Books, New York.
11. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss. Vol. 2. Separation 1973, Basic, New York.
12. Bretherton I., Ainsworth M.D.S. The responses of one-year-olds to a stranger in a strange situation. The origins of fear 1974, 131-164. Wiley, New York. M. Lewis, L.A. Rosenblum (Eds.).
13. Bretherton I., Fritz J., Zahn-Waxler C., Ridgeway D. Learning to talk about emotions: A functionalist perspective. Child Development 1986, 57:529-548.
14. Bretherton I., Ridgeway D., Cassidy J. Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention 1990, 273-308. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E.M. Cummings (Eds.).
15. Buss D.M., Haselton M.G., Shackelford T.K., Bleske A., Wakefield J.C. Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels. American Psychologist 1998, 53:533-548.
16. Byng-Hall J. Relieving parentified children's burdens in families with insecure attachment patterns. Family Process 2002, 41:375-388.
17. Campos J.J., Barrett K.C. Toward a new understanding of emotions and their development. Emotions, cognition, and behavior 1984, 229-263. Cambridge University Press, New York. C.E. Izard, J. Kasan, R.B. Zajonc (Eds.).
18. Campos J.J., Mumme D.L., Kermoian R., Campos R.G. A functionalist perspective on the nature of emotion. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1994, 59:284-303.
19. Capaldi D.M. Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: A 2-year follow-up at Grade 8. Development and Psychopathology 1992, 4:125-144.
20. Carlson E.A., Jacobvitz D., Sroufe L.A. A developmental investigation of inattentiveness and hyperactivity. Child Development 1995, 66:37-54.
21. Cassidy J. The nature of the child's ties. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications 1999, 3-20. Guilford Press, New York. J. Cassidy, P.R. Shaver (Eds.).
22. Chance M.R.A., Jolly C. Social groups of monkeys, aps, and man 1970, Cape, London.
23. Chase N.D. Burdened children: Theory, research and treatment of parentification 1999, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
24. Chase N.D., Deming M.P., Wells M.C. Parentification, parental alcoholism, and academic status among young adults. The American Journal of Family Therapy 1998, 26:105-114.
25. Cicchetti D. A historical perspective on the discipline of developmental psychopathology. Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology 1990, 2-28. Cambridge University Press, New York. J. Rolf, A. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. Nuechterlein, S. Weintraub (Eds.).
26. Perspectives on developmental psychopathology. Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and methods 1995, 3-20. Wiley, New York. D. Cicchetti, D.J. Cohen (Eds.).
27. Cicchetti D., Cummings E.M., Greenberg M.T., Marvin R.S. An organizational perspective on attachment beyond infancy. Attachment in the preschool years 1990, 51-95. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E.M. Cummings (Eds.).
28. Cicchetti D., Rogosch F.A. The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology upon neuroendocrine functioning. Development and Psychopathology 2001, 13:783-804.
29. Cole, P. M., Michel, M., & Teti, L. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. In N. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations (pp. 73-102). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (2-3, Serial No. 240).
30. Crawford C.B. The theory of evolution: Of what value to psychology?. Journal of Comparative Psychology 1989, 103:4-22.
31. Crittenden P.M. Quality of attachment in the preschool years. Development and Psychopathology 1992, 4:209-241.
32. Crittenden P.M. Attachment and psychopathology. Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives 1995, 367-406. Analytic Press, Hillsdale, NJ. S. Goldberg, R. Muir, J. Kerr (Eds.).
33. Crittenden P.M. Danger and development: The organization of self-protective strategies. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1999, 64:145-171.
34. Crockenberg S.B., Langrock A. The role of emotion and emotion regulation in children's responses to interparental conflict. Child development and interparental conflict 2001, 129-156. Cambridge University Press, New York. J. Grych, F. Fincham (Eds.).
35. Cummings E.M. Coping with background anger in early childhood. Child Development 1987, 58:976-984.
36. Cummings E.M., Cicchetti D. Toward a transactional model of relations between attachment and depression. Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention 1990, 339-372. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E.M. Cummings (Eds.).
37. Cummings E.M., Davies P.T. Children and marital conflict: The impact of family dispute and resolution 1994, Guilford, New York.
38. Cummings E.M., Davies P. Emotional security as a regulatory process in normal development and the development of psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 1996, 8:123-139.
39. Cummings E.M., Davies P.T. Depressed parents and family functioning: Interpersonal effects and children's functioning and development. Advances in interpersonal approaches: The interactional nature of depression 1999, 299-327. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. T. Joiner, J.C. Coyne (Eds.).
40. Cummings E.M., Davies P.T. Effects of marital conflict on children: Recent advances and emerging themes in process-oriented research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2002, 43:31-63.
41. Cummings E.M., Davies P.T., Campbell S.B. Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research, and clinical implications 2000, Guilford, New York.
42. Cummings E.M., El-Sheikh M. Children's coping with angry environments: A process-oriented approach. Life-span developmental psychology: Perspectives on stress and coping 1991, 131-150. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. E.M. Cummings, A.L. Greene, K.H. Karraker (Eds.).
43. Cummings E.M., Goeke-Morey M.C., Papp L.M. Everyday marital conflict and child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2004, 32:191-202.
44. Cummings E.M., Goeke-Morey M.C., Papp L.M., Dukewich T.L. Children's responses to mother's and father's emotionality and conflict tactics during marital conflict in the home. Journal of Family Psychology 2002, 16:478-492.
45. Cummings E.M., Schermerhorn A.C., Davies P.T., Goeke-Morey M.C., Cummings J.S. Interparental discord and child adjustment: Prospective investigations of emotional security as an explanatory mechanism. Child Development 2006, 77:132-152.
46. Cummings E.M., Zahn-Waxler C. Emotions and the socialization of aggression: Adults' angry behavior and children's arousal and aggression. Socialization and aggression 1992, 61-84. Springer, New York and Heidelberg. A. Fraczek, H. Zumkley (Eds.).
47. Cummings E.M., Zahn-Waxler C., Radke-Yarrow M. Young children's responses to expressions of anger and affection by others in the family. Child Development 1981, 52:1274-1282.
48. Davies P.T. Conceptual links between Byng-Hall's Theory of Parentification and the Emotional Security Hypothesis. Family Process 2002, 41:551-555.
49. Davies, P. T., & Cicchetti, D. (2004). Editorial: Toward an integration of family systems and developmental psychopathology approaches. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 477-481.
50. Davies P.T., Cummings E.M. Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin 1994, 116:387-411.
51. Davies P.T., Cummings E.M. Exploring children's emotional security as a mediator of the link between marital relations and child adjustment. Child Development 1998, 69:124-139.
52. Davies P.T., Cummings E.M. Interparental discord, family process, and developmental psychopathology. Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, and adaptation 2006, 86-128. Wiley, New York. 2nd ed. D. Cicchetti, D.J. Cohen (Eds.).
53. Davies P.T., Forman E.M. Children's patterns of preserving emotional security in the interparental subsystem. Child Development 2002, 73:1880-1903.
54. Davies P.T., Forman E.M., Rasi J.A., Stevens K.I. Assessing children's emotional security in the interparental subsystem: The Security in the Interparental Subsystem (SIS) Scales. Child Development 2002, 73:544-562.
55. Davies P.T., Harold G.T., Goeke-Morey M., Cummings E.M. Children's emotional security and interparental conflict. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 2002, 67:1-129.
56. Davies, P. T., Sturge-Apple, M. L., Cicchetti, D., Cummings, E. M. (in press). The role of child adrenocortical functioning in pathways between forms of interparental conflict and child maladjustment. Developmental Psychology.
57. Davies P.T., Sturge-Apple M.L., Winter M.A., Cummings E.M., Farrell D. Child adaptational development in contexts of interparental conflict over time. Child Development 2006, 77:218-233.
58. Davies P.T., Windle M. Interparental discord and adolescent adjustment trajectories: The potentiating and protective role of intrapersonal attributes. Child Development 2001, 72:1163-1178.
59. Davies P.T., Winter M.A., Cicchetti D. The implications of emotional security theory for understanding and treating childhood psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 2006, 18:707-735.
60. Dixon A.K. Ethological strategies for defence in animals and humans: their role in some psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1998, 71:417-445.
61. Duggan S., O'Brien M., Kennedy J.K. Young adults' immediate and delayed reactions to simulated marital conflicts: Implications for intergenerational patterns of violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2001, 69:13-24.
62. Dunn J., Davies L. Sibling relationships and interparental conflict. Child development and interparental conflict 2001, 273-290. Cambridge University Press, New York. J. Grych, F. Fincham (Eds.).
63. Ellis B.J., Jackson J.J., Boyce W.T. The stress response systems: Universality and adaptive individual differences. Developmental Review 2006, 26:175-212.
64. El-Sheikh M. Children's responses to adult-adult and mother-child arguments: The role of parental marital conflict and distress. Journal of Family Psychology 1997, 11:165-175.
65. El-Sheikh M., Cummings E.M., Goetsch V. Coping with adults' angry behavior: Behavioral, physiological, and self-reported responding in preschoolers. Developmental Psychology 1989, 25:490-498.
66. Emery R.E. Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin 1982, 92:310-330.
67. Emery R.E. Family violence. American Psychologist 1989, 44:321-328.
68. Erel O., Burman B. Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 118:108-132.
69. Fearon R.M.P., Belsky J. Attachment and attention: Protection in relation to gender and cumulative social-contextual adversity. Child Development 2004, 75:1677-1694.
70. Fullinwinder-Bush N., Jacobvitz D.B. The transition to young adulthood: Generational boundary dissolution and female identity development. Family Process 1993, 32:87-103.
71. Garcia O'Hearn H., Margolin G., John R.S. Mothers' and fathers' reports of children's reactions to naturalistic marital conflict. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1997, 36:1366-1373.
72. Garmezy N., Masten A.S., Tellegen A. The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development 1984, 55:97-111.
73. Gilbert P. Defence and safety: Their function in social behaviour and psychopathology. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1993, 32:131-153.
74. Gilbert P. Varieties of submissive behavior as social defence: Their evolution and role in depression. Subordination and defeat: An evolutionary approach to mood disorders and their therapy 2000, 3-45. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. L. Sloman, P. Gilbert (Eds.).
75. Gilbert P. Depression and stress: A biopsychosocial exploration of evolved functions and mechanisms. Stress: The International Journal of the Biology of Stress 2001, 4:121-135.
76. Gilbert P. Depression: A biopsychosocial, integrative and evolutionary approach. Mood disorders: A handbook of science and practice 2004, 99-142. Wiley, Chichester. M. Power (Ed.).
77. Gilbert P. Evolution and depression: Issues and implications. Psychological Medicine 2006, 36:287-297.
78. Gilbert P., Allan S. The role of defeat and entrapment (arrested flight) in depression: An exploration of an evolutionary view. Psychological Medicine 1998, 28:584-597.
79. Gilbert P., Allan S., Brough S., Melley S., Miles J. Anhedonia and positive affect: relationship to social rank, defeat and entrapment. Journal of Affective Disorders 2002, 71:141-151.
80. Gilbert P., Gilbert J. Entrapment and arrested fight and flight in depression: An exploration using focus groups. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, research, and practice 2003, 76:173-188.
81. Granger D.A., Serbin L.A., Schwartzman A., Lehoux P., Cooperman J., Ikeda S. Children's salivary cortisol, internalising behaviour problems, and family environment: Results from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project. International Journal of Behavioral Development 1998, 22:707-728.
82. Gray J.A. The psychology of fear and stress 1987, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd ed.
83. Greenberg M.T., Deklyen M., Speltz M.L., Endriga M.C. The role of attachment processes in externalizing psychopathology in young children. Attachment and psychopathology 1997, 196-222. Guilford, New York. L. Atkinson, K.J. Zucker (Eds.).
84. Grych J.H. Children's appraisals of interparental conflict: Situational and contextual influences. Journal of Family Psychology 1998, 12:437-453.
85. Grych J.H., Fincham F.D. Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin 1990, 108:267-290.
86. Grych J.H., Fincham F.D. Interparental conflict and child adjustment: An overview. Interparental conflict and child development: Theory, research, and application 2001, 1-6. Cambridge University Press, New York. J.H. Grych, F.D. Fincham (Eds.).
87. Grych J.H., Seid M., Fincham F.D. Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The children's perception of interparental conflict scale. Child Development 1992, 63:558-572.
88. Grych J.H., Wachsmuth-Schlaefer T., Klockow L.L. Interparental aggression and young children's representations of family relationships. Journal of Family Psychology 2002, 16:259-272.
89. Heatherington L., Johnson B., Burke L.E., Friedlander M.L., Buchanan R.M., Shaw D.M. Assessing individual family members' constructions of family problems. Family Process 1998, 37:167-184.
90. Hilburn-Cobb C. Adolescent psychopathology in terms of multiple behavioral systems: The role of attachment and controlling strategies and frankly cisorganized behavior. Attachment issues in psychopathology and intervention 2004, 95-135. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. L. Atkinson, T.S. Goldberg (Eds.).
91. Hofmann S.G., Moscovitch D.A., Heinrichs N. Evolutionary mechanisms of fear and anxiety. Evolutionary theory and cognitive therapy 2004, 119-136. Springer Publishing, New York. P. Gilbert (Ed.).
92. Jacobvitz D.B., Bush N.F. Reconstructions of family relationships: Parent-child alliances, personal distress, and self-esteem. Developmental Psychology 1996, 32:732-743.
93. Jacobvitz D., Sroufe L.A. The early caregiver child relationship and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in kindergarten: A prospective study. Child Development 1987, 58:1488-1495.
94. Johnston J.R., Roseby V. In the name of the child 1997, The Free Press, New York.
95. Jurkovic G.J. Lost childhoods: The plight of the parentified child 1997, Brunner/Mazel, Philadelphia.
96. Jurkovic G.J. Destructive parentification in families: Causes and consequences. Handbook of family psychopathology 1998, 237-255. Guilford, New York. L. L'Abate (Ed.).
97. Jurkovic G.J., Morrell R., Thirkield A. Assessment of childhood parentification: Guidelines for researchers and clinicians. Parentification: Theory, research, and practice 1999, 92-113. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. N. Chase (Ed.).
98. Kasius M.C., Ferdinand R.F., vandenBerg H., Verhulst F.C. Associations between different diagnostic approaches for child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1997, 38:625-632.
99. Katz L.F., Woodin E.M. Hostility, hostile detachment, and conflict engagement in marriages: Effects on child and family functioning. Child Development 2002, 73:636-652.
100. Keller M.C., Nesse R.M. The evolutionary significance of depressive symptoms: Different adverse situations lead to different depressive symptom patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 91:316-330.
101. Keltner D., Gross J.J. Functionalist accounts of emotions. Cognition and Emotion 1999, 13:467-480.
102. Klein S., Cosmides L., Tooby J., Chance S. Decisions and the evolution of memory: Multiple systems, multiple functions. Psychological Review 2002, 109:306-329.
103. LaFreniere P. Human emotions as multipurpose adaptations: An evolutionary perspective on the development of fear. Evolutionary perspectives on human development 2005, 189-205. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. R.L. Burgess, K. MacDonald (Eds.).
104. LeDoux J.E. The emotional brain: The mysterious underpinnings of emotional life 1996, Simon & Schuster, New York.
105. Locke T.F., Newcomb M.D. Adolescent predictors of young adult and adult alcohol involvement and dysphoria in a prospective community sample of women. Prevention Science 2004, 5:151-168.
106. Lopez N.L., Vazquez D.M., Olson S.L. An integrative approach to the neurophysiological substrates of social withdrawal and aggression. Development and Psychopathology 2004, 16:69-93.
107. Lovibond P.F., Siddle D.A.T., Bond N.W. Resistance to extinction of fear-relevant stimuli: Preparedness or selective sensitization?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1993, 122:449-461.
108. Lyons-Ruth K., Jacobvitz D. Attachment disorganization: Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications 1999, 520-554. Guilford Press, New York. J. Cassidy, P. Shaver (Eds.).
109. Macfie J., Houts R.M., McElwain N.L., Cox M.J. The effect of father-toddler and mother-toddler role reversal on the development of behavior problems in kindergarten. Social Development 2005, 14:514-531.
110. Macfie J., Toth S.L., Rogosch F.A., Robinson J., Emde R.N., Cicchetti D. Effect of maltreatment on preschoolers' narrative representations of responses to relieve distress and of role reversal. Developmental Psychology 1999, 35:460-465.
111. Marks I.M., Nesse R.M. Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders. Ethology and Sociobiology 1994, 15:247-261.
112. Martin R.P., Wisenbaker J., Huttunen M. Review of factor analytic studies of temperament based on the Thomas-Chess structural model: Implications for the Big Five. The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood 1994, 157-172. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. C.F. Halverson, G.A. Kohnstamm, R.P. Martin (Eds.).
113. Maughan A., Cicchetti D. The impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children's emotion regulation abilities. Child Development 2002, 73:1525-1542.
114. Mayseless O., Bartholomew K., Henderson A.J.Z., Trinke S. "I was more her Mom than she was mine": Role reversal in a community sample. Family Relations 2004, 53:77-85.
115. Moffitt T.E., Caspi A., Harrington H., Milne B.J. Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology 2002, 14:179-207.
116. Monroe S.M., Harkness K.L. Life stress, the 'kindling' hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review 2005, 112:417-445.
117. Nesse R.M. Natural selection and the regulation of defensive responses. Evolution and Human Behavior 2005, 26:88-105.
118. Ohman A., Mineka S. Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review 2001, 108:483-522.
119. Posner M.I., Rothbart M.K., Vizueta N., Thomas K.M., Levy K.N., Anonymous, Silbersweig D., Stern E., Clarkin J., Kernberg O. An approach to the psychobiology of personality disorders. Development and Psychopathology 2003, 15:1093-1106.
120. Post R.M. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1992, 149:999-1010.
121. Repetti R.L., Taylor S.E., Seeman T.E. Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring. Psychological Bulletin 2002, 128:330-366.
122. Rothbart M.K., Posner M.I. Temperament, attention, and developmental psychopathology. Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2: Developmental neuroscience 2006, 465-501. Wiley, New York. 2nd ed. D. Cicchetti, D.J. Cohen (Eds.).
123. Rutter M. Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 1985, 147:598-611.
124. Rutter M. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1987, 57:316-333.
125. Segal Z.V., Williams J.M., Teasdale J.D., Gemar M. A cognitive science perspective on kindling and episode sensitization in recurrent affective disorder. Psychological Medicine 1996, 26:371-380.
126. Seligman M.E.P. Phobias and preparedness. Behavior Therapy 1971, 2:307-320.
127. Sheeber L.B., Hops H., Andrews J., Alpert A., Davis B. Interactional processes in families with depressed and nondepressed adolescents: Reinforcement of depressive behavior. Behavior Research and Therapy 1998, 36:417-427.
128. Shipman K., Zeman J., Penza S., Champion K. Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology 2000, 12:47-62.
129. Sloman L., Akinson L., Milligan K., Liotti G. Attachment, social rank and affect regulation: Speculations on an ethological approach to family interaction. Family Process 2002, 41:313-327.
130. Sloman L., Farvolden P., Gilbert P., Price J. The interactive functioning of anxiety and depression in agonistic encounters and reconciliation. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006, 90:93-99.
131. Sloman L., Price J., Gilbert P., Gardner R. Adaptive function of depression: Psycho-therapeutic implications. American Journal of Psychotherapy 1994, 48:401-416.
132. Solantaus-Simula T., Punamaki R., Beardslee W. Children's responses to low parental mood. Associations with family perceptions of parenting styles and child distress. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2002, 41:287-295.
133. Spangler G., Grossman K.E. Biobehavioral organization in securely and insecurely attached infants. Child Development 1993, 64:1439-1450.
134. Sroufe L.A., Fleeson J. Attachment and the construction of relationships. Relationships and development 1986, 51-76. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. W. Hartup, Z. Rubin (Eds.).
135. Sroufe L.A., Waters E. Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development 1977, 48:1184-1199.
136. Stevenson-Hinde J., Shouldice A. Wariness to strangers: A behavior systems perspective revisited. Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood 1993, 101-116. Erlbaum, New York. K.H. Rubin, J.B. Asendorpf (Eds.).
137. Tesak, J. A. (2005). An exploration of children's involvement strategies for coping with interparental conflict. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
138. Thompson R.A., Calkins S.D. The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk. Development and Psychopathology 1996, 8:163-182.
139. Tooby J., Cosmides L. On the universality of human nature and the uniqueness of the individual: The role of genetics and adaptation. Journal of Personality 1990, 58:17-67.
140. Trower P., Gilbert P. New theoretical conceptions of social anxiety and social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review 1989, 9:19-35.
141. Waddington C.H. The strategy of the genes 1957, Allen & Unwin, London.
142. Wakefield J.C. Evolutionary versus prototype analyses of the concept of disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1999, 108:374-399.
143. Wallerstein J., Resnikoff D. Parental divorce and developmental progression: An inquiry into their relationship. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 1997, 78:135-154.
144. Wells M., Jones R. Childhood parentification and shame-proneness: A preliminary study. American Journal of Family Therapy 2000, 28:19-27.
145. Wiesner M., Kim H.K., Capaldi D.M. Developmental trajectories of offending: Validation and prediction to young adult alcohol use, drug use, and depressive symptoms. Development and Psychopathology 2005, 17:251-270.
146. Zillmann D. Arousal and aggression. Aggression: Theoretical and empirical reviews 1983, Vol. 1.:75-102. Academic, New York. R.G. Green, E. Donnerstein (Eds.).