Optical density of the aging human ocular media in the visible and the UV

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1842-1857

  van de Kraats, Ian ^a   van Norren, Dirk ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION SPECTRA; DENSITY (OPTICAL); LIGHT ABSORPTION; OPTICAL INSTRUMENT LENSES; RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; REFLECTOMETERS; ULTRAVIOLET INSTRUMENTS;

HUMAN OCULAR MEDIA; KYUNERENINE DERIVATIVES; TRYPTOPHAN;

VISION;

AGING; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DENSITOMETRY; HUMAN; LIGHT; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIATION SCATTERING; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; VISUAL SYSTEM FUNCTION;

AGING; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DENSITOMETRY; HUMANS; LIGHT; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OCULAR PHYSIOLOGY; SCATTERING, RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 34548305006     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.24.001842     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 1982).
2. E. A. Boettner, "Spectral transmission of the eye," Report of the University of Michigan Ann Arbor Contract AF41-609-2966 (USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, 1967).
3. W. Ambach, M. Blumthaler, T. Schopf, E. Ambach, F. Katzgraber, F. Daxecker, and A. Daxer, "Spectral transmission of the optical media of the human eye with respect to keratitis and cataract formation," Doc. Ophthalmol. 88, 165-173 (1994).
4. T. J. T. P. van den Berg and H. Spekreijse, "Near infrared light absorption in the human eye media," Vision Res. 37, 249-253 (1997).
5. A. Stockman, L. T. Sharpe, and C. Fach, "The spectral sensitivity of the human short-wavelength sensitive cones derived from thresholds and color matches," Vision Res. 39, 2901-2927 (1999).
6. C. A. Johnson, A. J. Adams, J. D. Twelker, and J. M. Quigg, "Age-related changes in the central visual field for short-wavelength-sensitive pathways," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 5, 2131-2139 (1988).
7. F. C. Delori, D. G. Goger, and C. K. Dorey, "Age-related accumulation and spatial distribution of lipofuscin in RPE of normal subjects," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 42, 1855-1866 (2001).
8. P. S. Bernstein, M. D. Yoshida, N. B. Katz, R. W. McClane, and W. Gellermann, "Raman detection of macular carotenoid pigments in intact human retina," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 39, 2003-2011 (1998).
9. P. S. Bernstein, D. Y. Zhao, S. W. Wintch, I. V. Ermakov, R. W. McClane, and W. Gellermann, "Resonance Raman measurement of macular carotenoids in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration patients," Ophthalmology 109, 1780-1787 (2002).
10. W. Gellermann, I. V. Ermakov, M. R. Ermakova, R. W. McClane, D. Y. Zhao, and P. S. Bernstein, "In vivo resonant Raman measurement of macular carotenoid pigments in the young and the aging human retina," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 1172-1186 (2002).
11. B. R. Hammond and B. R. Wooten, "Resonance Raman spectroscopic measurement of carotenoids in the skin and retina," J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 054002 (2005).
12. M. A. Mainster, "Intraocular lenses should block UV radiation and violet but not blue light," Arch. Ophthalmol. (Chicago) 123, 550-555 (2005).
13. R. E. Braunstein and J. R. Sparrow, "A blue-blocking intraocular lens should be used in cataract surgery," Arch. Ophthalmol. (Chicago) 123, 547-549 (2005).
14. M. A. Mainster, "Violet and blue light blocking intraocular lenses: photoprotection versus photoreception," Br. J. Ophthamol. 90, 784-792 (2006).
15. J. van de Kraats and D. van Norren, "Sharp cutoff filters in intraocular lenses optimize the balance between light reception and light protection," J. Cataract Refractive Surg. 33, 879-887 (2007).
16. W. T. Ham, Jr., H. A. Mueller, J. J. Ruffolo, Jr., D. Guerry III, and R. K. Guerry, "Action spectrum for retinal injury from near-ultraviolet radiation in the aphakic monkey," Am. J. Ophthalmol. 93, 299-306 (1982).
17. W. T. Ham, Jr., H. A. Mueller, and D. H. Sliney, "Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light," Nature 260, 153-155 (1976).
18. F. S. Said and R. A. Weale, "The variation with age of the spectral transmissivity of the living human crystalline lens," Gerontologia (Basel) 3, 231-231 (1959).
19. C. A. Johnson, D. L. Howard, D. Marshall, and H. Shu, "A noninvasive video-based method fbr measuring lens transmission properties of the human eye," Optom. Vision Sci. 70, 944-955 (1993).
20. D. van Norren and J. J. Vos, "Spectral transmission of the human ocular media," Vision Res. 14, 1237-1244 (1974).
21. J. Pokorny, V. C. Smith, and M. Lutze, "Aging of the human lens," Appl. Opt. 26, 1437-1440 (1987).
22. G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 1st ed. (Wiley, 1967).
23. W. S. Stiles and J. M. Burch, "N.P.L. colour-matching investigation: final report 1958," Opt. Acta 6, 1-26 (1959).
24. J. D. Moreland, "The effect of inert ocular pigments on anomaloscope matches and its reduction," Mod. Probl. Ophthalmol. 11, 12-18 (1972).
25. A. Stockman, D. I. A. MacLeod, and N. E. Johnson, "Spectral sensitivities of the human cones," J. Opt. S Am. A 10, 2491-2521 (1993).
26. G. L. Savage, G. Haegerstrom-Portnoy, A. J. Adams, and S. E. Hewlett, "Age changes in the optical density of human ocular media," Clin. Vision Sci. 8, 97-108 (1993).
27. H. C. van de Hulst, Light Scattering by Small Particles (Dover, 1957).
28. N. P. A. Zagers and D. van Norren, "Absorption of the eye lens and macular pigment derived from the reflectance of cone photoreceptors," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 2257-2268 (2004).
29. R. A. Fuh, "Spectral absorbance data of tryptophan." Available at http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/abs_html/trvptophan.html (1995).
30. J. J. Vos, "On the cause of disability glare and its dependence on glare angle, age and ocular pigmentation," Clin. Exp. Optom. 86, 363-370 (2003).
31. J. Thaung and J. Sjostrand, "Integrated light scattering as a function of wavelength in donor lenses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 152-157 (2002).
32. E. R. Gaillard, L. Zheng, J. C. Merriam, and J. Dillon, "Age-related changes in the absorption characteristics of the primate lens," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 41, 1454-1459 (2000).
33. J. Dillon, L. Zheng, J. C. Merriam, and E. R. Gaillard, "The optical properties of the anterior segment of the eye: implications for cortical cataract," Exp. Eye Res. 68, 785-795 (1999).
34. G. F. Cooper and J. G. Robson, "The yellow colour of the lens of man and other primates," J. Physiol. (London) 203, 411-417 (1969).
35. R. van Heyningen, "Fluorescent glucoside in the human lens," Nature 230, 393-394 (1971).
36. M. Bando, A. Nakajima, and K. Satoh, "Spectrophotometric estimation of 3-OH L-kynurenine O-beta-glucoside in the human lens," J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 89, 103-109 (1981).
37. G. M. Stutchbury and R. J. W. Truscott, "The modification of proteins by 3-hydroxykynurenine," Exp. Eye Res. 57, 149-155 (1993).
38. L. A. Ervin, J. Dillon, and E. R. Gaillard, "Photochemically modified alpha-crystallin: a model system for aging in the primate lens," Photochem. Photobiol. 73, 685-691 (2001).
39. R. J. W. Truscott, A. M. Wood, J. A. Carver, M. M. Sheil, G. M. Stutchbury, J. L. Zhu, and G. W. Kilby, "A new UV-filter compound in human lenses," FEBS Lett. 348, 173-176 (1994).
40. R. C. Heckathorn, J. Dillon, and E. R. Gaillard, "Synthesis and purification of 3-hydroxykynurenine-O-beta-glucoside, a primate lens ultraviolet filter, and its application in a two-step assay for beta-glucosidase activity," Anal. Biochem. 299, 78-83 (2001).
41. L. M. Bova, M. H. J. Sweeney, J. F. Jamie, and R. J. W. Truscott, "Major changes in human ocular UV protection with age," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 42, 200-205 (2001).
42. H. Terade, M. Sawa, J. Akiba, N. Ueno, and B. Chakrabarti, "Spectral transmittance of normal human crystalline lens," Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 98, 1101-1108 (1994).
43. J. Mellerio, "Yellowing of the human lens: nuclear and cortical contributions," Vision Res. 27, 1581-1587 (1987).
44. G. Wald, "Human vision and the spectrum," Science 101, 653-658 (1945).
45. W. D. Wright, "The visual sensitivity of normal and aphakic observers in the ultraviolet," Annee Psychol. 50, 169-177 (1951).
46. G. Wald, "The photochemistry of vision," Doc. Ophthalmol. 3, 94-137 (1949).
47. J. Mellerio, "Light absorption and scatter in the human lens," Vision Res. 11, 129-141 (1971).
48. F. M. Barker and G. C. Brainard, "The direct spectral transmittance of the excised human lens as a function of age," FDA Rep. FDA 785345 0090 RA (U.S. Food and Drug Adminstration, 1991).
49. R. C. Zeimer, H. K. Lim, and Y. Ogura, "Evaluation of an objective method for the in vivo measurement of changes in light transmittance of the human crystalline lens," Exp. Eye Res. 45, 969-976 (1987).
50. T. J.T. P. van den Berg, "Quantal and visual efficiency of fluorescence in the lens of the human eye," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 34, 3566-3573 (1993).
51. T. J. T. R van den Berg and J. Felius, "Relationship between spectral transmittance and slit lamp color of human lenses," Invest. Oplithalmol. Visual Sci. 36, 322-329 (1995).
52. T. J. T. P. van den Berg and J. K. IJspeert, "Light scattering in donor lenses," Vision Res. 35, 169-177 (1995).
53. T. J. T. P. van den Berg, "Depth-dependent forward light scattering by donor lenses," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 37, 1157-1166 (1996).
54. D. Grover and S. Zigman, "Coloration of human lenses by near ultraviolet photo oxidized tryptophan," Exp. Eye Res. 13, 70-76 (1972).
55. S. Zigman, J. Groff, T. Yulo, and G. Griess, "Light extinction and protein in lens," Exp. Eye Res. 23, 555-567 (1976).
56. R. A. Weale, "Light absorption by the lens of the human eye," Opt. Acta, 1, 107-110 (1954).
57. R. A. Weale, "The post-mortem preservation of the transmissivity of the human crystalline lens," Exp. Eye Res. 41, 655-659 (1985).
58. B. H. Crawford, "The scotopic visibility function," Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B 62B, 321-334 (1949).
59. K. H. Ruddock, "The effect of age upon colour vision. II. Changes with age in light transmission of the ocular media," Vision Res. 5, 47-58 (1965).
60. J. M. Kraft and J. S. Werner, "Spectral efficiency across the lifespan-flicker photometry and brightness matching," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 1213-1221 (1994).
61. K. Sagawa and Y. Takahashi, "Spectral luminous efficiency as a function of age," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2659-2667 (2001).
62. J. Xu, J. Pokorny, and V. C. Smith, "Optical density of the human lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 953-960 (1997).
63. A. T. Liem, J. E. Keunen, D. van Norren, and J. van de Kraats, "Rod densitometry in the aging human eye," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 32, 2676-2682 (1991).
64. G. L. Savage, C. A. Johnson, and D. L. Howard, "A comparison of noninvasive objective and subjective measurements of the optical density of human ocular media," Optom. Vision Sci. 78, 386-395 (2001).
65. B. J. Ortwerth, V. Chemoganskiy, and P, R. Olesen, "Studies on singlet oxygen formation and UVA light-mediated photobleaching of the yellow chromophores in human lenses," Exp. Eye Res. 74, 217-229 (2002).
66. E. Ludvigh and E. F. McCarthy, "Absorption of the visible light by the refractive media of the human eye," Arch. Ophthalmol. (Chicago) 20, 37-51 (1938).
67. S. Lerman and R. Borkman, "Spectroscopic evaluation and classification of the normal, aging and cataracous lens," Ophthalmol. Res. 8, 335-353 (1976).
68. M. Scott Griswold and W. S. Stark, "Scotopic spectral sensitivity of phakic and aphakic observers extending into the near ultraviolet," Vision Res. 32, 1739-1743 (1992).
69. E. F. Maher, "Transmission and absorption coefficients for ocular media of the rhesus monkey," Rep. SAM-TR-78-32 (Brooks Air Force Base, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, 1978).
70. T. J. T. P. van den Berg and K. E. Tan, "Light transmittance of the human cornea from 320 to 700 nm for different ages," Vision Res. 34, 1453-1456 (1994).
71. E. M. Beems and J. A. van Best, "Light transmission of the cornea in whole human eyes," Exp. Eye Res. 50, 393-395 (1990).
72. L. Kolozsvari, A. Nogradi, B. Hopp, and Z. Bor, "UV absorbance of the human cornea in the 240- to 400-nm range," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 43, 2165-2168 (2002).
73. K. E. W. P. Tan, Vision in the ultraviolet, Ph.D. thesis (Utrecht University, 1971).
74. F. D. Collins, R. Love, and R. Morton, "Studies in rhodopsin. 4. Preparation of rhodopsin," Biochem. J. 51, 292-298 (1952).
75. S. Coren and J. S. Girgus, "Density of human lens pigmentation: in vivo measures over an extended age range," Vision Res. 12, 343-846 (1972).
76. J. D. Moreland, "Temporal variations in anomaloscope equations," Mod. Probl. Ophthalmol. 19, 167-172 (1978).
77. R A. Sample, F. D. Esterson, R. N. Weinreb, and R. M. Boynton, "The aging lens: in vivo assessment of light absorption in 84 human eyes," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 29, 1306-1311 (1988).
78. R. A. Weale, "Age and the transmittance of the human crystalline lens," J. Physiol. (London) 395, 577-587 (1988).
79. B. R. Hammond, Jr., J. E. Nanez, C. Fair, and D. M. Snodderly, "Iris color and age-related changes in lens optical density," Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 20, 381-386 (2000).
80. F. A. Bettelheim and S. Ali, "Light scattering of normal human lens. III. Relationship between forward and back scatter of whole excised lenses," Exp. Eye Res. 41, 1-9 (1985).
81. J. E. Coppens, L. Franssen, and T. J. T. P. van den Berg, "Wavelength dependence of intraocular straylight," Exp. Eye Res. 82, 688-692 (2006).
82. P. S. Bernstein, F. Eliachik, L. S. Carvalho, G. J. Muir, D. Y. Zhao, and N. B. Katz, "Identification and quantization of carotenoids and their metabolites in the tissues of the human eye," Exp. Eye Res. 72, 215-223 (2001).
83. J. J. Vos, "The action spectrum of retinal burn," Rep. IZF 1974-23 (Instituut voor Zintuigfysiologie TNO, 1974).
84. J. Dillon, R. H. Wang, and S. J. Atherton, "Photochemical and photophysical studies on human lens constituents," Photochem. Photobiol. 52, 849-854 (1990).
85. J. van de Kraats, T. T. J. M. Berendschot, and D. van Norren, "The pathways of light measured in fundus reflectometry," Vision Res. 36, 2229-2247 (1996).
86. J. S. Werner, "Development of scotopic sensitivity and the absorption spectrum of the human ocular media," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 247-258 (1982).
87. J. D. Moreland, E. Torczynski, and R. Tripathi, "Rayleigh and Moreland matches in the ageing eye," in Colour Vision Deficiencies X, B. Drum, J. D. Moreland, and A. Serra, eds. (Kluwer, 1991), pp. 347-352.
88. M. Lutze and G. H. Bresnick, "Lenses of diabetic patients yellow at an accelerated rate similar to older normals," Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 32, 194-199 (1991).
89. J. J. Vos, J. Walraven, and A. van Meeteren, "Light profiles of the foveal image of a point source," Vision Res. 16, 215-219 (1976).
90. D. G. Stavenga, R. P. Smits, and B. J. Hoenders, "Simple exponential functions describing the absorbance bands of visual pigment spectra," Vision Res. 33, 1011-1017 (1993).