Both vitamin B6 and total homocysteine plasma levels predict long-term atherothrombotic events in healthy subjects

European Heart Journal

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 484-491

  Vanuzzo, Diego ^a   Pilotto, Lorenza ^a   Lombardi, Rossana ^b   Lazzerini, Guido ^c   Carluccio, Marisa ^c   Diviacco, Silvia ^d   Quadrifoglio, Franco ^d   Danek, Giorgia ^a   Gregori, Dario ^e,f   Fioretti, Paolo ^e   Cattaneo, Marco ^b   De Caterina, Raffaele ^c,g  

^a ASS 4   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^c INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

^e IRCAB Foundation   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CHIETI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Atherothrombosis; Cerebrovascular disease; Coronary heart disease; Homocysteine; Vitamin B6

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; PYRIDOXINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BODY MASS; BRAIN ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FEMALE; FOLIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; GROUPS BY AGE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL DOCUMENTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; PROTEIN METABOLISM; SMOKING; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; THROMBOSIS; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CORONARY THROMBOSIS; FEMALE; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; INTRACRANIAL THROMBOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; VITAMIN B 6;

EID: 34548301923     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: 15229645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl470     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. McCully KS. Vascular pathology of homocysteinemia: implications for the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. Am J Pathol 1969;56:111-128.
2. The Homocysteine Studies Collaboration. Homocysteine and risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2002;288:2015-2022.
3. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rush D, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA 1993;270:2693-2698.
4. Miller J, Ribaya-Mercado J, Russel R. Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:1154-1160.
5. Ubbink J, Vermaak W, van der Merwe A, Becker P. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:47-53.
6. Verhoef P, Kok F, Knuyssen A, Schouten E, Witteman J, Grobbee D, Ueland P, Refsum H. Plasma total homocysteine, B vitamins, and risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:989-995.
7. Siri P, Verhoef P, Kok F. Vitamins B6, B12, and folate: association with plasma total homocysteine and risk of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:435-441.
8. Folsom AR, Nieto FJ, McGovern PG, Tsai MY, Malinow MR, Eckfeldt JH, Hess DL, Davis CE. Prospective study of coronary heart disease incidence in relation to fasting total homocysteine, related genetic polymorphisms, and B vitamins: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation 1998;98:204-210.
9. Robinson K, Mayer EL, Miller DP, Green R, van Lente F, Gupta A, Kottke-Marchant K, Savon SR, Selhub J, Nissen SE, Kutner M, Topol EJ, Jacobsen DW. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low pyridoxal phosphate. Common and independent reversible risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1995;92:2825-2830.
10. Robinson K, Arheart K, Refsum H, Brattström L, Boers G, Ueland P, Rubba P, Palma-Reis R, Meleady R, Daly L, Witteman J, Graham I, for the European COMAC Group. Low circulating folate and vitamin B6 concentrations. Risk factors for stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary artery disease. Circulation 1998;97:437-443.
11. Stampfer M, Malinow M, Willet W, Newcomer L, Upson B, Ullmann D, Rishler P, Hennekens C. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA 1992;268:877-881.
12. Chasan-Taber L, Selhub J, Rosemberg I, Malinow M, Terry P, Tishler P, Willet W, Hennekens C, Stampfer M. A prospective study of folate and vitamin B6 and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. J Am Coll Nutr 1996;15:136-143.
13. Miner S, Cole D, Evrovski J, Forrest Q, Hutchison S, Holmes K, Ross H. Piridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2001;20:964-969.
14. Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Spence JD, Pettigrew LC, Howard VJ, Sides EG, Wang CH, Stampfer M. Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischaemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:565-575.
15. Bønaa KH, Njølstad I, Ueland PM, Schirmer H, Tverdal A, Steigen T, Wang H, Nordrehaug JE, Arnesen E, Rasmussen K, for the NORVIT Trial Investigators. Homocysteine Lowering and Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1578-1588.
16. Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, Sheridan P, Pogue J, Micks M, McQueen MJ, Probstfield J, Fodor G, Held C, Genest J, Jr. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1567-1577.
17. Taylor B, Oudit G, Evans M. Homocysteine, vitamins, and coronary artery disease. Comprehensive review of the literature. Can Fam Physician 2000;46:2236-2245.
18. Lolin YI, Sanderson JE, Cheng SK, Chan CF, Pang CP, Woo KS, Masarei JR. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and premature coronary artery disease in the Chinese. Heart 1996;76:117-122.
19. Graham IM, Daly LE, Refsum HM, Robinson K, Brattstrom LE, Ueland PM, Palma-Reis RJ, Boers GH, Sheahan RG, Israelsson B, Uiterwaal CS, Meleady R, McMaster D, Verhoef P, Witteman J, Rubba P, Bellet H, Wautrecht JC, de Valk HW, Sales Luis AC, Parrot-Rouland FM, Tan KS, Higgins I, Garcon D, Andria G. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA 1997;277:1775-1781.
20. Pancharuniti N, Lewis CA, Sauberlich HE, Perkins LL, Go RC, Alvarez JO, Macaluso M, Acton RT, Copeland RB, Cousins AL. Plasma homocyst(e)ine, folate, and vitamin B-12 concentrations and risk for early-onset coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:940-948.
21. Dalery K, Lussier-Cacan S, Selhub J, Davignon J, Latour Y, Genest J, Jr. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: relation with vitamins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate, and folate. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:1107-1111.
22. Wu LL, Wu J, Hunt SC, James BC, Vincent GM, Williams RR, Hopkins PN. Plasma homocyst(e)ine as a risk factor for early familial coronary artery disease. Clin Chem 1994;40:552-561.
23. Malinow MR, Ducimetiere P, Luc G, Evans AE, Arveiler D, Cambien F, Upson BM. Plasma homocyst(e)ine levels graded risk for myocardial infarction: findings in two populations at contrasting risk for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 1996;126:27-34.
24. Hoogeveen EK, Kostense PJ, Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, Jakobs C, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Stehouwer CD. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:133-138.
25. Friso S, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Low circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation 2001;103:2788-2791.
26. Feruglio GA, Vanuzzo D, Pilotto L. The Martignacco Project. In: Puska P, Leparsky E, eds. Comprehensive Cardiovascular Community Control Programmes in Europe. Copenhagen, DK: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Euro Reports and Studies; 1988. p52-58.
27. Puska P, Leparsky E. Comprehensive Cardiovascular Community Control Programmes in Europe. Copenhagen, DK: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Euro Reports and Studies; 1988.
28. Vartiainen E, Puska P, Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P. Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland. BMJ 1994;309:23-27.
29. Rose GA, Blackburn HW. Cardiovascular Survey Methods. Geneva: WHO. 1968;56:1-188.
30. World Health Organization. The MONItoring Trends and determinants in CArdiovascular diseases (MONICA) Project. J Clin Epidemiol 1988;41:105-113.
31. World Health Organization. WHO MONICA Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1990. http://www.ktl.fi/publications/monica/manual/index.
32. Grafnetter D, Feruglio GA, Vanuzzo D. Standardization of the methods of lipid determination according to WHO in the regional project of prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. G Ital Cardiol 1996;26:287-297 (in Italian).
33. Zighetti ML, Chantarangkul V, Tripodi A, Mannucci PM, Cattaneo M. Determination of total homocysteine in plasma: comparison of the Abbott Imx immunoassay with high performance liquid chromatography. Haematologica 2002;87:89-94.
34. Shin-Buehring Y, Rasshofer R, Endres W. A new enzymatic method for pyridoxal-5′-phosphate determination. J Inherit Metab Dis 1981;4:123-124.
35. Cattaneo M, Lombardi R, Lecchi A, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM. Low plasma levels of vitamin B6 are independently associated with a heightened risk of deep-vein thrombosis. Circulation 2001;104:2442-2446.
36. Cleveland WS. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. J Am Stat Assoc 1979;74:829-836.
37. Breslow NE, Clayton DG. Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. J Am Stat Assoc 1993;88:9-25.
38. Derksen S, Keselman HJ. Backward, forward and stepwise automated subsets selection algorithms: frequency of obtaining authentic and noise variables. Br J Math Stat Psychol 1992;45:265-282.
39. Cox DR, Hinkley DV. Theoretical Statistics. Chapman and Hall, London 1974.
40. Ford ES, Smith SJ, Stroup DF, Steinberg KK, Mueller PW, Thacker SB. Homocyst(e)ine and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of the evidence with special emphasis on case-control studies and nested case-control studies. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:59-70.
41. Clarke R, Lewington S, Donald A, Johnston C, Refsum H, Stratton I, Jacques P, Breteler MMB, Holman R. Underestimation of the importance of homocysteine as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in epidemiological studies. J Cardiovasc Risk 2001;8:363-369.
42. Ridker P. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2001;103:1813-1818.
43. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000;342:836-843.
44. Cattaneo M. Hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis. Lipids 2001;36:S13-S26.
45. Sauberlich HE. Vitamin B6 and pyridoxal phosphate. In: Sebrell WH Jr, Harris RS, eds. The Vitamins. New York: Academic Press; 1968. p44-57.
46. Bender D. Novel functions of vitamin B6. Proc Nutr Soc 1994;53:625-630.
47. Loscalzo J. Homocysteine trials-clear outcomes for complex reasons. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1629-1632.