Modeling the effect of chlorine emissions on ozone levels over the Eastern United States

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volumn 46, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 1009-1019

  Sarwar, Golam ^a   Bhave, Prakash V ^a,b  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OZONE; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS;

CHLORINE EMISSIONS; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; OZONE LEVELS;

AIR QUALITY;

AEROSOL; AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); ION; OXIDATION; OZONE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

HOUSTON; NORTH AMERICA; TEXAS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 34548225984     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAM2519.1     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Ayres, R., 1997: The life-cycle of chlorine, Part I: Chlorine production and the chlorine mercury connection. J. Ind. Ecol., 1 (1), 81-94.
2. Ayres, R., and L. Ayres, 1997: The life-cycle of chlorine, Part II: Conversion processes and use in the European Chemical Industry. J. Ind. Ecol., 1 (2), 65-89.
3. Chang, S., and D. T. Allen, 2006: Atmospheric chlorine chemistry in Southeast Texas: Impacts on ozone formation and control. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 251-262.
4. Chang, S. E. C. McDonald-Buller, Y. Kimura, G. Yarwood, J. Neece, M. Russel, P. Tanaka, and D. Allen, 2002: Sensitivity of urban ozone formation to chlorine emission estimates. Atmos. Environ., 36, 4991-5003,
5. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., 1993: Chlorine atoms as a potential tropospheric oxidant in the marine boundary layer. Res. Chem. Intermed., 19, 235-249.
6. Gong, S. L., 2003: A parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub- and super-micron particles. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17, 1097, doi:10.1029/2003GB002079.
7. Grell, G., J. Dudhia, and D. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). National Center for Atmospheric Research Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 117 pp.
8. Holzwarth, G., R. G. Balmer, and L. Soni, 1984a: The fate of chlorine and chloramines in cooling towers. Water Res., 18, 1421-1427.
9. Holzwarth, G., R. G. Balmer, and L. Soni, 1984b: The fate of chlorine in recirculating in cooling towers. Water Res., 18, 1429-1435.
10. Hov, O., 1985: The effect of chlorine on the formation of photochemical oxidants in southern Telemark, Norway. Atmos. Environ., 19, 471-485.
11. Kleinman, L. I., P. H. Damn, D. Imre, Y.-N. Lee, L. J. Nunnermacker, S.R. Springston, J. Weinstein-Lloyd, and J. Rudolph, 2002: Ozone production rate and hydrocarbon reactivity in 5 urban areas: A cause of high ozone concentration in Houston. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1467, doi:10.1029/2001GL014569.
12. Knipping, E. M., and D. Dabdub, 2003: Impact of chlorine emissions from sea-salt aerosol on coastal urban ozone. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 275-284.
13. Oum, K. W., M. J. Lakin, D. O. DeHaan, T. Brauers, and B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, 1998: Formation of molecular chlorine from the photolysis of ozone and aqueous sea-salt particles. Science, 279, 74-77.
14. Placet, M., C. O. Mann, R. O. Gilbert, and M. J. Neifer, 2000: Emissions of ozone precursors from stationary sources: A critical review. Atmos. Environ., 34, 2183-2204.
15. x on tropospheric ozone formation in Houston, Texas. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4249, doi:10.1029/2002JD003070.
16. Sarwar, G., D. Luecken, G. Yarwood, G. Whitten, and W. P. L. Carter, 2007: Impact of an updated carbon bond mechanism on predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system: Preliminary assessment. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., in press.
17. Sawyer, R. F., R. A. Harley, S. H. Cadle, J. M. Norbeck, R. Slott, and H. A. Bravo, 2000: Mobile sources critical review: 1998 NARSTO assessment. Atmos. Environ., 34, 2161-2181.
18. Schwede, D., G. Pouliot, and T. Pierce, 2005: Changes to the biogenic emissions inventory system version 3 (BEIS3). Extended Abstracts, Fourth Annual CMAS Models-3 Users' Conf., Chapel Hill, NC, CMAS. [Available online at http://www.cmascenter.org/conference/2005/abstracts/ 2_7.pdf.]
19. Spicer, C. W., E. G. Chapman, B. J. Finlayson-Pitts, R. A. Plastridge, J. M. Hubbe, J. D. Fast, and C. M. Berkowitz, 1998: Unexpectedly high concentration of molecular chlorine in coastal air. Nature, 394, 353-356.
20. Tanaka, P., and Coauthors, 2003a: Direct evidence for chlorine-enhanced ozone formation in Houston, Texas. Atmos. Environ., 37, 1393-1400.
21. Tanaka, P., D. T. Allen, E. C. McDonald-Buller, S. Chang, Y. Kimura, C. B. Mullins, G. Yarwood, and J. D. Neece, 2003b: Development of a chlorine mechanism for use in the Carbon Bond IV chemistry model. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4145, doi:10.1029/2002JD002432.
22. Werner, A., C. Frey, B. Haneke, J. Zheng, and W. Pennell, 2005: Strengths and weaknesses of current emissions inventories. Improving Emissions Inventories for Effective Air Quality Management across North America, NARSTO Assessment NARSTO-05-001, 145-152. [Available online at http://www.narsto.com.]
23. Yarwood, G., S. Rao, M. Yocke, and G. Whitten, 2005: Updates to the Carbon Bond Chemical Mechanism: CB05. Yocke and Company Final Report to the U.S. EPA, RT-0400675, 246 pp. [Available online at http://www.camx.com/publ/pdfs/CB05_Final_Report_120805.pdf.]
24. Zhang, K. M., E. M. Knipping, A. S. Wexler, P. V. Bhave, and G. S. Tonnesen, 2005: Size distribution of sea-salt emissions as a function of relative humidity. Atmos. Environ., 39, 3373-3379.