Ganodermataceae: Natural products and their related pharmacological functions

American Journal of Chinese Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 559-574

  Zhou, Xuanwei ^a   Lin, Juan ^a   Yin, Yizhou ^a   Zhao, Jingya ^a   Sun, Xiaofen ^a   Tang, Kexuan ^a  

^a FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Ganoderma; Pharmacology; Polysaccharides; Triterpenoids

Indexed keywords

5,8 EPIDIOXY 5ALPHA,8ALPHA ERGOSTA 6,22 DIEN 3BETA OL; 5ALPHA ERGOSTA 7,22 DIEN 3BETA OL; APPLANOXIDIC ACID A; BETA GLUCAN; FUNGAL PROTEIN; GANODERAL A; GANODERAN A; GANODERAN B; GANODERIC ACID A; GANODERIC ACID B; GANODERIC ACID GAMMA; GANODERMA EXTRACT; GANODEROL A; GANODEROL B; GLUCAN; GLYCAN; HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENT; LENTINAN; LINGZHI 8; NATURAL PRODUCT; PHYTOSTEROL; POLYSACCHARIDE; TRITERPENE; TRITERPENOID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CANCER; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER INHIBITION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG IDENTIFICATION; DRUG ISOLATION; FATIGUE; FERMENTATION; GANODERMA; GANODERMA LUCIDUM; GANODERMA SINENSE; GANODERMA TSUGAE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IMMUNOMODULATION; INDIGESTION; INSOMNIA; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER PROTECTION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MYCELIUM; NEUROSIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; REVIEW;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, PHYTOGENIC; DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL; GANODERMA; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; PHYTOTHERAPY;

EID: 34548166013     PISSN: 0192415X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X07005065     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Adachi, Y., Y. Suzuki, T. Jinushi, T. Yadomae and N. Ohno. TH1-oriented immunomodulating activity of gel-forming fungal (1-3)-beta-glucans. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4: 95-109, 2002.
2. An, R., X. Tian, X.M. Wang, G.L. Wang and D.J. Shang. Isolation, purification and property. identification of two kinds of polysaccharide containing selenium in Ganoderma lucidum. J. Dalian Univ. Tech. 41: 165-168, 2001.
3. Bao, X.F., Q. Dong and J.N. Fang. Structure and conformation behavior of a glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 32: 557-561, 2000.
4. Bao, X.F., C.P. Liu, J.N. Fang and X.Y. Li. Structural and immunological studies of a major polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Carbohydr. Res. 332: 67-74, 2001a.
5. Bao, X., J.Y. Duan, X.Y. Fang and J.N. Fang. Chemical modifications of the (1→3)-α-D-glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum and investigation of their physicochemical properties and immunological activity. Carbohydr. Res. 336: 127-140, 2001b.
6. Bao, X.F., X.S. Wang, Q. Dong, J.N. Fang and X.Y. Li. Structural features of immunologically active polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry 59: 175-181, 2002a.
7. Bao, X.F., Y. Zhen, L. Ruan and J.J. Fang. Purification, characterization, and modification of T lymphocyte-stimulating polysaccharide from spore of Ganoderma lucidum. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 50: 23-629, 2002.
8. Chen, J.H., J.P. Zhou, L.N. Zhang and T. Norisuye. Chemical structure of the water-insoluble polysaccharide isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Polymer J. 30: 838-842, 1998.
9. Chen, X.L., S.C. Wang and W.B. Tian. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum and it combined with Radix salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix bupleuri, and Fructus Schisandrae chinensis respectively on experimental hepatic injuries in mouse. Acta Acad. Med. Militaris Tertiae 23: 567-570, 2001.
10. Chen, T.Q. and K.B. Li. Resources, taxonomy, ecological distribution, exploitation and utilization of Ganodermataceae from China. Acta Agric. Univ. Jiangxiensis 26: 89-95, 2004.
11. Chen, H.S., Y.F. Tsai, S. Lin, C.C. Lin, K.H. Khoo, C.H. Lin and C.H. Wong. Studies on the immune-modulating and anti-tumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) polysaccharides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12: 5595-5601, 2004.
12. Chen, H.X. The research progress of the activity of fungi polysaccharides. Lett. Biotechnol. 16: 460-462, 2005.
13. Chen, W.Q., J.W. Huang, L.Q Luo, S.H. Luo and H. Yang. Study of Ganoderma polysaccharides modulating the blood sugar and lipid in experimental rats. Chin. J. Gerontol. 25: 957-958, 2005a.
14. Chen, W.Q., S.H. Luo, H.Z. Li and H. Yang. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on serum lipids and lipoperoxidation in ertperimental hyperlipidemic rats. China J. Mater Med. 30: 1358-1360, 2005b.
15. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee (ed.). Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2005, p. 130.
16. Deng, H.L., P.Y. Wu and J.X. Wang. The development of Ganodermataceae fungi. Li Shizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res. 16: 141-143, 2005.
17. Du, X.H., W.M. Wang, X.R. Gong and L.S. Yu. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on counteracting lipid peroxidation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of rats. Tradit. Chin. Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol. 14: 240-242, 2003a.
18. el-Mekkawy, S., M.R. Meselhy, N. Nakamura, Y. Tezuka, M. Hattori, N. Kakiuchi, K. Shimotohno, T. Kawahata and T. Otake. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry 49: 1651-1657, 1998.
19. Frye, L.L. and D.A. Leonard. Lanosterol analogs: Dual-action inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34: 123-140, 1999.
20. Gao, Y., S. Zhou, G. Chen, X. Dai, J. Ye and H. Gao. A phase I/II study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Ling Zhi, Reishi mushroom) extract in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4: 321-327, 2002.
21. Gao, Y., J. Lan, X. Dai, J. Ye and S. Zhou. A phase I/II study of Ling Zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetidae) extract in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 6: 3-9, 2004.
22. Gao, J.L., Z.L. Yu, S.P. Li and Y.T. Wang. Research advance on triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum. Edible Fungi of China 24: 6-11, 2005a.
23. Gao, Y., H. Gao, E. Chan, W. Tang, A. Xu, H. Yang, M. Huang, J. Lan, X. Li, W. Duan, C. Xu and S. Zhou. Antitumor activity and underlying mechanisms of Ganopoly, the refined polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, in mice. Immunol. Invest. 34: 171-198, 2005b.
24. Habijani, J., M. Berovi, B. Wraber, D. Hodzar and B. Bob. Immunostimulatory effects of fungal polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum submerged biomass cultivation. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 39: 327-331, 2001.
25. Hajjaj, H., C. Mace, M. Roberts, P. Niederberger and L.B. Fay. Effect of 26-oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3653-3658, 2005.
26. Hao, R.F. and R.C. Li. Pharmacological and health effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and it application prospect. Acta Edulis Fungi 11: 57-62, 2004.
27. Huie, C.W. A review of modern sample preparation techniques for the extraction and analysis of medicinal plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 373: 23-30, 2002.
28. Huie, C.W. and X. Di. Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for Lingzhi pharmacologically active components. J. Chromatogr. B 812: 241-257, 2004.
29. Jia, D.H., L.Y. Zheng, X.P. Zhang and W.H. Peng. Study and analysis of the taxonomy situation for genus Ganoderma. Southwest China J. Agric. Sci. 16: 64-68, 2003.
30. Jiang, Y., H. Wang, L. Lv and G.Y. Tian. Chemistry of polysaccharide Lzps-1 from Ganoderma lucidum spore and anti-tumor activity of its total polysaccharides. Acta Pharm. Sin. 40: 347-350, 2005.
31. Kino, K., A. Yamashita, K. Yamaoka, J. Watanabe, S. Tanaka, K. Ko, K. Shimizu and H. Tsunoo. Isolation and characterization of a new immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8), from Ganoderma lucidium. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 472-478, 1989.
32. Kubota, T., Y. Asaka, I. Miura and H. Mori. Structures of ganoderic acid A and B, two new lanostane type bitter triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. Helv. Chim. Acta 65: 611-619, 1982.
33. Kuo, M.C., C.Y. Weng, C.L. Ha and M.J. Wu. Ganoderma lucidum mycelia enhance innate immunity by activating NF-kappa B. J. Ethnopharmacol. 103: 217-222, 2006.
34. Li, C., J. Yin, F. Guo, D. Zhang and H.H. Sun. Ganoderic acid Sz, a new lanostanoid from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Nat. Prod. Res. 19: 461-465, 2005.
35. Lin, Z.B. Modern Study of Ganoderma lucidum (II). Beijing Medical University Press, Beijing, 2001, pp. 157-186.
36. Lin, Z.B., M.Y. Wang, Q. Liu and Q.M. Chen. Effects of total triterpenoids extract from Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Reishi Mushroom) on experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride or D-galactosamine in mice. Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4: 337-342, 2002.
37. Lin, S.B., C.H. Li, S.S. Lee and L.S. Kan. Triterpene-enriched extracts from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit growth of hepatoma cells via suppressing protein kinase C, activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and G2-phase cell cycle arrest. Life Sci. 72: 2381-2390, 2003.
38. Lin, Z.B. Focus on anti-oxidative and free radical scavening activity of Ganoderma lucidum. J. Appl. Pharmacol. 12: 33-137, 2004.
39. Lin, Z.B. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulation by Ganoderma lucidum. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 99: 144-153, 2005.
40. Lindequist, U., T.H. Niedermeyer and W.D. Julich. The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. eCAM. 2: 285-299, 2005.
41. Liu, T., J.G. Yuan and X.J. Chen. Inhibiting effects of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma and protective effect of liver of Ganoderma lucidum spore. Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med. Liver Dis. 1: 31-32, 2000.
42. Luo, L.X., S.Q. Zhou and R.H. Yao. The structural analysis of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Fenxi Shiyanshi 17: 17-21, 1998.
43. Luo, J. and Z.B. Lin. Advances of pharmacological effects of triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum. Acta Pharm. Sin. 37: 574-578, 2002.
44. Luo, S.H., W.Q. Chen, T. Huang and H. Yang. Effects of Ganoderma polysaccharides on plasma lipid level in the rats with hyperlipaemia. J. Guangdong Coll. Pharm. 21: 589-590, 2005.
45. Miyasaka, N., H. Inoue, T. Totsuka, R. Koike, K. Kino and H. Tsunoo. An immunomodulatory protein, Ling Zhi-8, facilitates cellular interaction through modulation of adhesion molecules. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186: 385-390, 1992.
46. Ngai, P.H. and T.B. Ng. A mushroom (Ganoderma capense) lectin with speptacular thermostability, potent mitogenic activity on splenocytes, and antiproliferative activity toward tumor cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 314: 988-993, 2004
47. Niu, J.F., Z. Fang, H.G. Wang and G.C. Wang. The research advance on the effective constituents of Ganoderma spp. J. Agric. Univ. Hebei 25: 51-54, 2002.
48. Peng, Y.F., L.N. Zhang, F. Zeng and J.F. Kennedy. Structure and antitumor activities of the water-soluble polysaccharides from Ganoderma tsugae mycelium. Carbohydr. Polym. 59: 385-392, 2005a.
49. Peng, Y.F., L.N. Zhang, Y.Y. Zhang, X.J. Xu and J.F. Kennedy. Solution properties of water-insoluble polysaccharides from the mycelium of Ganoderma tsugae. Carbohydr. Polym. 59: 351-356, 2005b.
50. Pero, R.W., A. Amiri, Y, Sheng, M. Welther and M. Rich. Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of combining DNA repair and immune enhancing nutritional supplenients. Phytomedicine 12: 255-263, 2005.
51. Smania, E.F., M.F. Delle, J.A. Smania, R.A. Yunes and R.S. Cuneo. Antifungal activity of sterols and triterpenes isolated from Ganoderma annulare. Fitoterapia 74: 375-377, 2003.
52. Springfield, E.P., P.K. Eagles and G. Scott. Quality assessment of South African herbal medicines by means of HPLC fingerprinting. J. Ethnopharmacol 101: 75-183, 2005.
53. Su, C.Y., M.S. Shiao and C.T. Wang. Predominant inhibition of ganodermic acid S on the thromboxane A2-dependent pathway in human platelets response to collagen. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1437: 223-234, 1999.
54. Sun, J., H. He and B.J. Xie. Novel antioxidant peptides from fermented mushroom Ganoderma lucidurn. J Agric. Food Chem. 52: 6646-6652, 2004.
55. Tan, B.K. and J. Vanitha. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs: A review. Curr. Med. Chem. 11: 1423-1430, 2004.
56. Tanaka, S., K. Ko, K. Kino, K. Tsuchiya, A. Yamashita, A. Murasugi, S. Sakuma and H. Tsunoo. Complete amino acid sequence of an immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8). An immunomodulator from a fungus, Ganoderma lucidium, having similarity to immunoglobulin variable regions. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 16372-16377, 1989.
57. Tian, Y.P., and K.C. Zhang. Purification and characterization of a novel proteinase A inhibitor from Ganoderma lucidum by submerged fermentation. Enzyme Microb. Tech. 36: 357-361, 2005.
58. Wang, Q., H. Ji, H. Wang, W. Chen, K.W. Bi, Z.W Li and Y.J. Gu. The preparation and analysis of the nutrient solution of Ganoderma lucidum by fermentation. J. Hebei Univ. 19: 50-53, 1999.
59. Wang, M.Y. and Z.B. Lin. Protective effects of triterpents constituents Rom Ganoderma lucidum on immunological liver injury in mice in vivo or in vitro. Chin. Pham. J. 35: 809-812, 2000.
60. Wang, S.Z., S.Q. Lin, Z.B. Lin, H.B. Zhao and Y.F. Ma. Isolation and characterization of in Ganoderma lucidun fruitbody. Acta Edulis Fungi 12: 5-8, 2005.
61. Wang, H. and T.B. Ng. Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fmiting bodies of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Peptides 27: 27-30, 2006.
62. Wu, X.L., Y.C. Dai and Y.H. Lin. Study on the ganodermataceae of China II. Guizhou Sci. 22: 34-53, 2004.
63. Yang, X.T., YQ. Zhou, X.Q. Li, H.Q. Feng, K. Mi and Q.Y. Yang. A comparison study of the in vitro anticancer activity and mechanism of ethanol extracts from mycelia, of different Ganoderma lucidun strains. Mycosystema 24: 251-258, 2005.
64. Zhang, N.R. and X.Y. Zhang. Analysis of amino acids and microelements in the spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. Nat. Prod. Res. Dev. 8: 33-35, 1996.
65. Zhang, W.M., X.M. Sun and S.L. Wu. Studies on the regulation of the blood fat function of Ganderoma Lacium spores powden China Wild Plant Resour. 20: 14-16, 2001.
66. Zhang, J.S., Q.J. Tang, M. Zimmermann-Kordmann, W. Reutter and H Fan. Activation of B lymphocytes by GLIS, a bioactive proteoglycan from Ganoderma lucidum: Life Sci. 71: 623-638, 2002.
67. Zhang, H.N. and Z.B. Lin. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the insulin releasing function of pancreatic islets in rats. Clin. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther 8: 265-268, 2003.
68. Zhang, N.M. and L. Zhang. Isolation, purification and pharmacological actions and application to functional food of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Food Res. Dev. 26: 118-120; 2005.
69. Zhao S.H., W.B. Yao, X.B. Pang, J. Zhao and X.D. Gao. Isolation, purification, characterization and anti tumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Chin. J. Biochem. Pharm. 24: 173-176, 2003.
70. Zhao, G.M., L.X. Zhang, T.M. Yu and L.P. Zhang. Chemical study on the water soluble polysaccharide from spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Nat. Prod. Res. Dev. 17: 182-185, 2005.
71. Zhou, X.W., J. Lin and L. Zhou. Determine and analysis on primary nutritional components of Ganoderma spp. J. Shaanxi Normal Univ. 26: 214-217, 1998.
72. Zhou, S. and Y. Gao. The immunomodulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst (LingZhi, Reishi mushroom) (Aphylloromycetidae). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 4: 1-11, 2002.
73. Zjawiony, J. Biologically active compounds from Aphyllophorales (Polypore) fungi. J. Nat. Prod. 67: 300-310, 2004.