Erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer and radiation dose to the penile structures: A critical review

Radiotherapy and Oncology

Volumn 84, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 107-113

  van der Wielen, Gerard J ^a   Mulhall, John P ^b   Incrocci, Luca ^a  

^a ERASMUS MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Corpora cavernosa; Erectile dysfunction; Neurovascular bundles; Penile bulb; Prostate cancer; Radiotherapy

Indexed keywords

ARTERY BLOOD FLOW; BLOOD VESSEL; BRACHYTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CORPUS CAVERNOSUM; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; PENIS; PENIS ERECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE; PROSTATE CANCER; PUDENDAL NERVE; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; MALE; PENIS; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIOTHERAPY;

EID: 34548013977     PISSN: 01678140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.07.018     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Brown M.W., Brooks J.P., Albert P.S., and Poggi M.M. An analysis of erectile function after intensity modulated radiation therapy for localized prostate carcinoma. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 10 (2006) 189-193
2. Burnett A.L. Nitric oxide in the penis: physiology and pathology. J Urol 157 (1997) 320-324
3. Buyyounouski M.K., Hanlon A.L., Price R.A., et al. In regard to Selek et al. erectile dysfunction and radiation dose to penile base structures: a lack of correlation IJROBP;59:1039-1046. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (2004) 1664-1665
4. Byar D.P., and Mostofi F.K. Carcinoma of the prostate: prognostic evaluation of certain pathologic features in 208 radical prostatectomies. Examined by the step-section technique. Cancer 30 (1972) 5-13
5. Carrier S., Hricak H., Lee S.S., et al. Radiation-induced decrease in nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves in the rat penis. Radiology 195 (1995) 95-99
6. Costello A.J., Brooks M., and Cole O.J. Anatomical studies of the neurovascular bundle and cavernosal nerves. BJU Int 94 (2004) 1071-1076
7. Dean R.C., and Lue T.F. Physiology of penile erection and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 32 (2005) 379-395
8. DiBiase S.J., Wallner K., Tralins K., and Sutlief S. Brachytherapy radiation doses to the neurovascular bundles. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46 (2000) 1301-1307
9. Eichelberg C., Erbersdobler A., Michl U., et al. Nerve distribution along the prostatic capsule. Eur Urol 51 (2007) 105-110
10. Fisch B.M., Pickett B., Weinberg V., and Roach M. Dose of radiation received by the bulb of the penis correlates with risk of impotence after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Urology 57 (2001) 955-959
11. Frimmel H., Egevad L., Bengtsson E., and Busch C. Modeling prostate cancer distributions. Urology 54 (1999) 1028-1034
12. Gillan C., Kirilova A., Landon A., et al. Radiation dose to the internal pudendal arteries from permanent-seed prostate brachytherapy as determined by time-of-flight MR angiography. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65 (2006) 688-693
13. Goldstein I., Feldman M.I., Deckers P.J., Babayan R.K., and Krane R.J. Radiation-associated impotence. A clinical study of its mechanism. JAMA 251 (1984) 903-910
14. Incrocci L., Hop W.C., and Slob A.K. Efficacy of sildenafil in an open-label study as a continuation of a double-blind study in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Urology 62 (2003) 116-120
15. Johannes C.B., Araujo A.B., Feldman H.A., et al. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Urol 163 (2000) 460-463
16. Kiteley R.A., Lee W.R., deGuzman A.F., Mirzaei M., and McCullough D.L. Radiation dose to the neurovascular bundles or penile bulb does not predict erectile dysfunction after prostate brachytherapy. Brachytherapy 1 (2002) 90-94
17. Kolka C.M., Rattigan S., Richards S., and Clark M.G. Metabolic and vascular actions of endothelin-1 are inhibited by insulin-mediated vasodilation in perfused rat hindlimb muscle. Br J Pharmacol 145 (2005) 992-1000
18. Lepor H., Gregerman M., Crosby R., Mostofi F.K., and Walsh P.C. Precise localization of the autonomic nerves from the pelvic plexus to the corpora cavernosa: a detailed anatomical study of the adult male pelvis. J Urol 133 (1985) 207-212
19. Litwin M.S., Lubeck D.P., Henning J.M., and Carroll P.R. Differences in urologist and patient assessments of health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer: results of the CaPSURE database. J Urol 159 (1998) 1988-1992
20. Macdonald A.G., Keyes M., Kruk A., et al. Predictive factors for erectile dysfunction in men with prostate cancer after brachytherapy: Is dose to the penile bulb important?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (2005) 155-163
21. Mangar S.A., Sydes M.R., Tucker H.L., et al. Evaluating the relationship between erectile dysfunction and dose received by the penile bulb: using data from a randomised controlled trial of conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer (MRC RT01, ISRCTN47772397). Radiother Oncol 80 (2006) 355-362
22. McLaughlin P.W., Narayana V., Meirovitz A., et al. Vessel-sparing prostate radiotherapy: dose limitation to critical erectile vascular structures (internal pudendal artery and corpus cavernosum) defined by MRI. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 61 (2005) 20-31
23. McLaughlin P.W., Troyer S., Berri S., et al. Functional anatomy of the prostate: implications for treatment planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (2005) 479-491
24. Merlin S.L., Brock G.B., Begin L.R., et al. New insights into the role of endothelin-1 in radiation-associated impotence. Int J Impot Res 13 (2001) 104-109
25. Merrick G.S., Butler W.M., Dorsey A.T., Lief J.H., and Donzella J.G. A comparison of radiation dose to the neurovascular bundles in men with and without prostate brachytherapy-induced erectile dysfunction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 48 (2000) 1069-1074
26. Merrick G.S., Butler W.M., Wallner K.E., et al. Erectile function after prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62 (2005) 437-447
27. Merrick G.S., Butler W.M., Wallner K.E., et al. The importance of radiation doses to the penile bulb vs. crura in the development of postbrachytherapy erectile dysfunction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54 (2002) 1055-1062
28. Merrick G.S., Wallner K., Butler W.M., et al. A comparison of radiation dose to the bulb of the penis in men with and without prostate brachytherapy-induced erectile dysfunction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50 (2001) 597-604
29. Merrick G.S., Wallner K., Butler W.M., Lief J.H., and Sutlief S. Short-term sexual function after prostate brachytherapy. Int J Cancer 96 (2001) 313-319
30. Mulhall J., Ahmed A., Parker M., and Mohideen N. The hemodynamics of erectile dysfunction following external beam radiation for prostate cancer. J Sex Med 2 (2005) 432-437
31. Mulhall J.P., Yonover P., Sethi A., Yasuda G., and Mohideen N. Radiation exposure to the corporeal bodies during 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer. J Urol 167 (2002) 539-542
32. Mulhall J.P., and Yonover P.M. Correlation of radiation dose and impotence risk after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Urology 58 (2001) 828
33. Ohebshalom M., Parker M., Guhring P., and Mulhall J.P. The efficacy of sildenafil citrate following radiation therapy for prostate cancer: temporal considerations. J Urol 174 (2005) 258-262
34. Potters L., Torre T., Fearn P.A., Leibel S.A., and Kattan M.W. Potency after permanent prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50 (2001) 1235-1242
35. Rabbani F., Stapleton A.M., Kattan M.W., Wheeler T.M., and Scardino P.T. Factors predicting recovery of erections after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 164 (2000) 1929-1934
36. Roach M., Winter K., Michalski J.M., et al. Penile bulb dose and impotence after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer on RTOG 9406: findings from a prospective, multi-institutional, phase I/II dose-escalation study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (2004) 1351-1356
37. Rosen R.C., Riley A., Wagner G., et al. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 49 (1997) 822-830
38. Selek U., Cheung R., Lii M., et al. Erectile dysfunction and radiation dose to penile base structures: a lack of correlation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59 (2004) 1039-1046
39. Stone N.N., and Stock R.G. Long-term urinary, sexual, and rectal morbidity in patients treated with iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy followed up for a minimum of 5 years. Urology 69 (2007) 338-342
40. Takashima R., Egawa S., Kuwao S., and Baba S. Anterior distribution of Stage T1c nonpalpable tumors in radical prostatectomy specimens. Urology 59 (2002) 692-697
41. Takenaka A., Murakami G., Matsubara A., Han S.H., and Fujisawa M. Variation in course of cavernous nerve with special reference to details of topographic relationships near prostatic apex: histologic study using male cadavers. Urology 65 (2005) 136-142
42. Takenaka A., Murakami G., Soga H., et al. Anatomical analysis of the neurovascular bundle supplying penile cavernous tissue to ensure a reliable nerve graft after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 172 (2004) 1032-1035
43. Turner S.L., Adams K., Bull C.A., and Berry M.P. Sexual dysfunction after radical radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a prospective evaluation. Urology 54 (1999) 124-129
44. van der Wielen G.J., van Putten W.L., and Incrocci L. Sexual function after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results from a dose-escalation trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68 (2007) 479-484
45. Wallner K.E., Merrick G.S., Benson M.L., et al. Penile bulb imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53 (2002) 928-933
46. Wernicke A.G., Valicenti R., Dieva K., Houser C., and Pequignot E. Radiation dose delivered to the proximal penis as a predictor of the risk of erectile dysfunction after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60 (2004) 1357-1363
47. Wright J.L., Newhouse J.H., Laguna J.L., Vecchio D., and Ennis R.D. Localization of neurovascular bundles on pelvic CT and evaluation of radiation dose to structures putatively involved in erectile dysfunction after prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59 (2004) 426-435
48. Zagaja G.P., Mhoon D.A., Aikens J.E., and Brendler C.B. Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Urology 56 (2000) 631-634
49. Zelefsky M.J., Cowen D., Fuks Z., et al. Long term tolerance of high dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate carcinoma. Cancer 85 (1999) 2460-2468
50. Zelefsky M.J., and Eid J.F. Elucidating the etiology of erectile dysfunction after definitive therapy for prostatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 40 (1998) 129-133