메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 189, Issue , 2007, Pages 25-41

Ethanol production: Energy, economic, and environmental losses

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

EID: 34547877071     PISSN: 01795953     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35368-5_2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 25444444344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass potential
    • September 5
    • Anthrop, DF (2005) Biomass potential. Oil Gas J September 5:2.
    • (2005) Oil Gas J , pp. 2
    • Anthrop, D.F.1
  • 2
    • 30544449465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Brazilian ethanol and the ecological footprint
    • Azar, C, Berndes, G, Hansson, J, Grahn, M (2006) On Brazilian ethanol and the ecological footprint. BioScience 56(1):5.
    • (2006) BioScience , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 5
    • Azar, C.1    Berndes, G.2    Hansson, J.3    Grahn, M.4
  • 3
    • 0003650915 scopus 로고
    • Energy requirements for irrigation
    • Pimentel D ed, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp
    • Batty, JC, Keller, J (1980) Energy requirements for irrigation. In: Pimentel D (ed) Handbook of Energy Utilization in Agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 35-44.
    • (1980) Handbook of Energy Utilization in Agriculture , pp. 35-44
    • Batty, J.C.1    Keller, J.2
  • 4
    • 37549053153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blais, JF, Mamouny, K, Nlombi, K, Sasseville, JL, Letourneau, M (1995) Les mesures deficacite energetique dans le secteur de leau. In: Sassville JL, Balis JF (eds) Les Mesures deficacite Energetique pour Lepuration des eaux Usees Municipales. Scientific Report 405, 3. INRS-Eau, Quebec.
    • Blais, JF, Mamouny, K, Nlombi, K, Sasseville, JL, Letourneau, M (1995) Les mesures deficacite energetique dans le secteur de leau. In: Sassville JL, Balis JF (eds) Les Mesures deficacite Energetique pour Lepuration des eaux Usees Municipales. Scientific Report 405, vol 3. INRS-Eau, Quebec.
  • 5
    • 37549030781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brees, M (2004) Corn Silage Budgets for Northern, Central and Southwest Missouri. http://www.agebb.missouri.edu/mgt/budget/fbm-0201.pdf (9/1/04).
    • Brees, M (2004) Corn Silage Budgets for Northern, Central and Southwest Missouri. http://www.agebb.missouri.edu/mgt/budget/fbm-0201.pdf (9/1/04).
  • 6
    • 37549006660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol Isn't Worth the Energy. On Line Opinion. Australia's e-Journal of Social and Political Debate
    • www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3859 12/2/05
    • Brown, J (2005) Ethanol Isn't Worth the Energy. On Line Opinion. Australia's e-Journal of Social and Political Debate. www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3859 (12/2/05).
    • (2005)
    • Brown, J.1
  • 8
    • 37549062485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CalGasoline (2002) Ethanol is Not a Suitable Replacement for MTBE. www.calgasoline.com/factetha.htm (9/17/2002).
    • CalGasoline (2002) Ethanol is Not a Suitable Replacement for MTBE. www.calgasoline.com/factetha.htm (9/17/2002).
  • 9
    • 37549061294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIA (2005) Brazil Natural Gas. The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook. http://www.photius.com/countries/brazil/economy/ brazil_economy_natural_gas.html. (9/5/05).
    • CIA (2005) Brazil Natural Gas. The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook. http://www.photius.com/countries/brazil/economy/ brazil_economy_natural_gas.html. (9/5/05).
  • 10
    • 37549047071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coelho, ST, Bolognini, MF, Silva, OC, Paletta, CEM (2002) Biofuels in Brazil: The Current Situation. CENBIO - The National Reference Center on Biomass. Technical Texts. http://www.cenbio.org.br/in/index.html (11/12/ 2002).
    • Coelho, ST, Bolognini, MF, Silva, OC, Paletta, CEM (2002) Biofuels in Brazil: The Current Situation. CENBIO - The National Reference Center on Biomass. Technical Texts. http://www.cenbio.org.br/in/index.html (11/12/ 2002).
  • 11
    • 37549040071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Croysdale, D (2001) Belatedly, DNR Concedes Our Air is Clean. Daily Reporter Nov 6, 2001. http://www.dailyreporter.com/editorials/eds/nov07/ asa11-7.shtml. (9/17/2002).
    • Croysdale, D (2001) Belatedly, DNR Concedes Our Air is Clean. Daily Reporter Nov 6, 2001. http://www.dailyreporter.com/editorials/eds/nov07/ asa11-7.shtml. (9/17/2002).
  • 12
    • 37549055678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DOE (2002) Review of Transport Issues and Comparison of Infrastructure Costs for a Renewable Fuels Standard. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/service/question3.pdf (10/8/2002).
    • DOE (2002) Review of Transport Issues and Comparison of Infrastructure Costs for a Renewable Fuels Standard. U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/service/question3.pdf (10/8/2002).
  • 13
    • 37549012825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DOE (2005) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Washington DC. http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomasss/ eethanol.html. (1/6/06).
    • DOE (2005) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. Washington DC. http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomasss/ eethanol.html. (1/6/06).
  • 14
    • 37549053909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EPA (2002) More Pollution Than They Said: Ethanol Plants Releasing Toxins
    • May 3
    • EPA (2002) More Pollution Than They Said: Ethanol Plants Releasing Toxins. New York Times, May 3, 2002.
    • (2002) New York Times
  • 15
    • 37549047873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERAB (1980) Gasohol. Energy Research Advisory Board, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
    • ERAB (1980) Gasohol. Energy Research Advisory Board, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
  • 16
    • 6544243552 scopus 로고
    • ERAB , Energy Research Advisory Board, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC
    • ERAB (1981) Biomass Energy. Energy Research Advisory Board, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
    • (1981) Biomass Energy
  • 17
    • 0003928042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO , Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
    • FAO (2001) Food Balance Sheets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
    • (2001) Food Balance Sheets
  • 21
    • 0030820859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of large-scale biofuel production
    • Giampietro, M, Ulgiati, S, Pimentel, D (1997) Feasibility of large-scale biofuel production. BioScience 47:587-600.
    • (1997) BioScience , vol.47 , pp. 587-600
    • Giampietro, M.1    Ulgiati, S.2    Pimentel, D.3
  • 22
    • 37549066807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Review Magazine
    • 2/16/06
    • Hassett, KA (2006) National Review Magazine. http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute. (2/16/06).
    • (2006)
    • Hassett, K.A.1
  • 24
    • 0037048135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol use in US gasoline should be banned, not expanded
    • Sept 9
    • Hodge, C (2002) Ethanol use in US gasoline should be banned, not expanded. Oil Gas J Sept 9:20-30.
    • (2002) Oil Gas J , pp. 20-30
    • Hodge, C.1
  • 25
    • 20944450286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More evidence mounts for banning, not expanding, use of ethanol in gasoline
    • Oct 6
    • Hodge, C (2003) More evidence mounts for banning, not expanding, use of ethanol in gasoline. Oil Gas J Oct 6:20-25.
    • (2003) Oil Gas J , pp. 20-25
    • Hodge, C.1
  • 26
    • 37549035294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hodge, C (2005) Government and Fuels. Increased Air Pollution with the Consumption of Ethanol in Gasoline. http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/gasoline/ meeting/2005/0502052ndopi (10/0/05).
    • Hodge, C (2005) Government and Fuels. Increased Air Pollution with the Consumption of Ethanol in Gasoline. http://www.arb.ca.gov/fuels/gasoline/ meeting/2005/0502052ndopi (10/0/05).
  • 27
    • 34748846737 scopus 로고
    • Crop Enterprise Budgets, Timothy-Legume and Alfalfa Hay, Sudan Grass, Sweet Corn and Spring Wheat under Rill Irrigation, Kittitas County, Washington
    • Washington State University, Pullman
    • Hoffman, TR, Warnock, WD, Hinman, HR (1994) Crop Enterprise Budgets, Timothy-Legume and Alfalfa Hay, Sudan Grass, Sweet Corn and Spring Wheat under Rill Irrigation, Kittitas County, Washington. Farm Bus Rep EB 1173, Washington State University, Pullman.
    • (1994) Farm Bus Rep EB , pp. 1173
    • Hoffman, T.R.1    Warnock, W.D.2    Hinman, H.R.3
  • 28
    • 37549005020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illinois Corn (2004) Ethanol's Energy Balance. http://www.ilcorn.org/ Ethanol/Ethan_Studies/Ethan_Energy_Bal/ethan_energy_bal.html (8/10/04).
    • Illinois Corn (2004) Ethanol's Energy Balance. http://www.ilcorn.org/ Ethanol/Ethan_Studies/Ethan_Energy_Bal/ethan_energy_bal.html (8/10/04).
  • 30
    • 20944450163 scopus 로고
    • Acures Corporation. Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
    • Kuby, WR, Markoja, R, Nackford, S (1984) Testing and Evaluation of On-Farm Alcohol Production Facilities. Acures Corporation. Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
    • (1984) Testing and Evaluation of On-Farm Alcohol Production Facilities
    • Kuby, W.R.1    Markoja, R.2    Nackford, S.3
  • 31
    • 37549009799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Larsen, K, Thompson, D, Harn, A (2002) Limited and Full Irrigation Comparison for Corn and Grain Sorghum. http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/ SoilCrop/extension/Newsletters/2003/Drought/sorghum.html (9/2/2002).
    • Larsen, K, Thompson, D, Harn, A (2002) Limited and Full Irrigation Comparison for Corn and Grain Sorghum. http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/ SoilCrop/extension/Newsletters/2003/Drought/sorghum.html (9/2/2002).
  • 32
    • 37549059047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Larson, WE, Cardwell, VB (1999) History of U.S. Corn Production. http://citv.unl.edu/cornpro/html/history/history.html (9/2/04).
    • Larson, WE, Cardwell, VB (1999) History of U.S. Corn Production. http://citv.unl.edu/cornpro/html/history/history.html (9/2/04).
  • 33
    • 37549019919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lieberman, B (2002) The Ethanol Mistake: One Bad Mandate Replaced by Another. Competitive Enterprise Institute. http://www.nationalreview.com/ comment/comment-lieberman031202.shtml (9/17/2002).
    • Lieberman, B (2002) The Ethanol Mistake: One Bad Mandate Replaced by Another. Competitive Enterprise Institute. http://www.nationalreview.com/ comment/comment-lieberman031202.shtml (9/17/2002).
  • 34
    • 20944443102 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol
    • Blanch HW, Drew S, Wang DIC eds, Pergamon Press, New York
    • Maiorella, B (1985) Ethanol. In: Blanch HW, Drew S, Wang DIC (eds) Comprehensive Biotechnology, vol 3. Pergamon Press, New York.
    • (1985) Comprehensive Biotechnology , vol.3
    • Maiorella, B.1
  • 36
    • 37549020575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAS (2003) Frontiers in Agricultural Research: Food, Health, Environment, and Communities. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC: http://dels.nas.edu/rpt_briefs/ frontiers_in_ag_final%20for%20print.pdf (11/05/04)
    • NAS (2003) Frontiers in Agricultural Research: Food, Health, Environment, and Communities. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC: http://dels.nas.edu/rpt_briefs/ frontiers_in_ag_final%20for%20print.pdf (11/05/04)
  • 37
    • 0141809700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Agricultural Statistics Service
    • NASS , 10/9/05
    • NASS (2003) National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu (10/9/05).
    • (2003)
  • 38
    • 37549025672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Policy Analysis (2002) Ethanol Subsidies. Idea House. National Center for Policy Analysis. http://www.ncpa.org/pd/ag/ ag6.html (9/09/2002).
    • National Center for Policy Analysis (2002) Ethanol Subsidies. Idea House. National Center for Policy Analysis. http://www.ncpa.org/pd/ag/ ag6.html (9/09/2002).
  • 39
    • 34748874518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Settlements Theme Report.Australian State of the Environment
    • 10/6/05
    • Newton, PW (2001) Human Settlements Theme Report.Australian State of the Environment Report 2001. http://deh.gov.au/soe/2001/settlements/ settlements02-5c.html (10/6/05).
    • (2001)
    • Newton, P.W.1
  • 40
    • 37549024451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UNSW Academic Criticizes Decision on Ethanol in Petrol
    • 10/9/05
    • Niven, R (2005) UNSW Academic Criticizes Decision on Ethanol in Petrol. http://www.unsw.edu./news/pad/articles/2005/sep/Ethanol.html (10/9/05).
    • (2005)
    • Niven, R.1
  • 41
    • 37549031173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPRA (2002) NPRA Opposes Ethanol Mandate; Asks Congress Not to Hinder Efforts to Maintain Supply. National Petrochemical & Refiners Association, Washington, DC: http://www.npradc.org/news/releases/ detail.cfm?docid=164&archive=1 (9/17/2002).
    • NPRA (2002) NPRA Opposes Ethanol Mandate; Asks Congress Not to Hinder Efforts to Maintain Supply. National Petrochemical & Refiners Association, Washington, DC: http://www.npradc.org/news/releases/ detail.cfm?docid=164&archive=1 (9/17/2002).
  • 42
    • 11144349590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamics of the corn-ethanol biofuel cycle
    • Patzek, T (2004) Thermodynamics of the corn-ethanol biofuel cycle. Crit Rev Plant Sci 23(6):519-567.
    • (2004) Crit Rev Plant Sci , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 519-567
    • Patzek, T.1
  • 43
    • 0026283019 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol fuels: Energy security, economics, and the environment
    • Pimentel, D (1991) Ethanol fuels: Energy security, economics, and the environment. J Agric Environ Ethics, v. 4:1-13.
    • (1991) J Agric Environ Ethics , vol.4 , pp. 1-13
    • Pimentel, D.1
  • 44
    • 37549063825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimentel, D (1998) Energy and dollar costs of ethanol production with corn. Hubbert Center Newsletter #98/2 M. King Hubbert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 7 pp.
    • Pimentel, D (1998) Energy and dollar costs of ethanol production with corn. Hubbert Center Newsletter #98/2 M. King Hubbert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 7 pp.
  • 45
    • 0242363880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limitations of biomass energy
    • Meyers R ed, 3rd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, p
    • Pimentel, D (2001) The limitations of biomass energy. In: Meyers R (ed) Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology. 3rd ed., Vol. 2, Academic Press, San Diego, p. 159-171.
    • (2001) Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology , vol.2 , pp. 159-171
    • Pimentel, D.1
  • 46
    • 0842339489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol fuels: Energy balance, economics, and environmental impacts are negative
    • Pimentel, D (2003) Ethanol fuels: Energy balance, economics, and environmental impacts are negative. Nat Resour Res, 12 (2): 127-134.
    • (2003) Nat Resour Res , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-134
    • Pimentel, D.1
  • 47
    • 20944431823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass, and wood and biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower
    • Pimentel, D, Patzek. T (2005) Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass, and wood and biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower. Nat Resour Res 14(1):65-76.
    • (2005) Nat Resour Res , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-76
    • Pimentel, D.1    Patzek, T.2
  • 50
  • 51
    • 3042848367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimentel, D, Pleasant, A, Barron, J, Gaudioso, J, Pollock, N, Chae, E, Kim, Y, Lassiter, A, Schiavoni, C, Jackson, A, Lee, M, Eaton, A (2004a) U.S. energy conservation and efficiency: Benefits and costs. Environ Dev Sustain 6:279-305.
    • Pimentel, D, Pleasant, A, Barron, J, Gaudioso, J, Pollock, N, Chae, E, Kim, Y, Lassiter, A, Schiavoni, C, Jackson, A, Lee, M, Eaton, A (2004a) U.S. energy conservation and efficiency: Benefits and costs. Environ Dev Sustain 6:279-305.
  • 54
    • 0004066992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRB , Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC
    • PRB (2005) World Population Data Sheet. Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC.
    • (2005) World Population Data Sheet
  • 56
    • 37549053152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shapouri, H, Duffield, JA, Wang, M (2002) The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update. Report 813. USDA, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Agricultural Economics, Washington, DC.
    • Shapouri, H, Duffield, JA, Wang, M (2002) The Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol: An Update. Report 813. USDA, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Agricultural Economics, Washington, DC.
  • 58
    • 37549043772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spirits Low (1999) Spirits Low as Brazil Alcohol Car in Trouble Anew. Reuters Ltd., Nov 22, 1999. http://www.climateark.org/articles/1999/ alcocaro.htm (11/15/04).
    • Spirits Low (1999) Spirits Low as Brazil Alcohol Car in Trouble Anew. Reuters Ltd., Nov 22, 1999. http://www.climateark.org/articles/1999/ alcocaro.htm (11/15/04).
  • 59
    • 0346804886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feed Composition for Cattle and Sheep
    • Report 1.615. Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University, Boulder, CO
    • Stanton, TL (1999) Feed Composition for Cattle and Sheep. Report 1.615. Cooperative Extension, Colorado State University, Boulder, CO.
    • (1999)
    • Stanton, T.L.1
  • 60
    • 37549047070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transportation Research Board (2006) Integrating Sustainability into the Transportation Planning Process, 40. http://www.trp.org/ publications.conf/CP37.pdf. (2/16/06).
    • Transportation Research Board (2006) Integrating Sustainability into the Transportation Planning Process, 40. http://www.trp.org/ publications.conf/CP37.pdf. (2/16/06).
  • 61
    • 27644566241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USCB, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • USCB (2004-2005) Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (2004) Statistical Abstract of the United States 2004-2005
  • 62
    • 10944241580 scopus 로고
    • Corn-State. Costs of Production
    • USDA , Report 94018. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Economics and Statistics System, Washington, DC
    • USDA (1991) Corn-State. Costs of Production. Report 94018. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Economics and Statistics System, Washington, DC.
    • (1991)
  • 63
    • 37549019176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA (1997a) Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey (1998). 1997 Census of Agriculture, 3. Special studies, part 1. USDA, Washington, DC.
    • USDA (1997a) Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey (1998). 1997 Census of Agriculture, vol 3. Special studies, part 1. USDA, Washington, DC.
  • 64
    • 37548998854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA (1997b) 1997 Census of agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.ncfap.org. (8/28/2002).
    • USDA (1997b) 1997 Census of agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.ncfap.org. (8/28/2002).
  • 65
    • 0004202181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
    • USDA (2002) Agricultural Statistics. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • (2002) Agricultural Statistics
  • 66
    • 37549031172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA (2003) Agricultural Statistics. USDA. I - 1 - XV-34 p. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
    • USDA (2003) Agricultural Statistics. USDA. I - 1 - XV-34 p. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
  • 69
    • 37548999638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO (2000) Nutrition for health and development: A global agenda for combating malnutrition. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/ nut/documents/nhd_mip_2000.pdf (11/3/04).
    • WHO (2000) Nutrition for health and development: A global agenda for combating malnutrition. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/ nut/documents/nhd_mip_2000.pdf (11/3/04).
  • 70
    • 37549053908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wilcke, B, Chaplin, J (2000) Fuel Saving Ideas for Farmers.Minnesota/ Wisconsin Engineering Notes. http://www.bae.umn.edu/extens/ennotes/ enspr00/fuelsaving.htm (9/2/04).
    • Wilcke, B, Chaplin, J (2000) Fuel Saving Ideas for Farmers.Minnesota/ Wisconsin Engineering Notes. http://www.bae.umn.edu/extens/ennotes/ enspr00/fuelsaving.htm (9/2/04).
  • 71
    • 37549070593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol Could Reduce Fossil Fuel Need
    • World Environment News , 1/27/06
    • World Environment News (2006) Ethanol Could Reduce Fossil Fuel Need. http://www.planetrak.com/dailynews_story.cfm/34678/story.htm. (1/27/06).
    • (2006)
  • 72
    • 33747827842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwatch Institute , Norton, New York
    • Worldwatch Institute (2001) Vital Signs. Norton, New York.
    • (2001) Vital Signs
  • 74
    • 78649583995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American natural gas: Data show supply problems
    • Youngquist,W, Duncan RC (2003) North American natural gas: Data show supply problems. Nat Resour Res 12(4):229-240.
    • (2003) Nat Resour Res , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 229-240
    • Youngquist, W.1    Duncan, R.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.