Feasibility of large-scale biofuel production

BioScience

Volumn 47, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 587-600

  Giampietro, Mario ^a   Ulgiati, Sergio ^b   Pimentel, David ^c  

^a ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DELLA NUTRIZIONE   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

^c Plant Breeding and Genetics Section in the School of Integrative Plant Science   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030820859     PISSN: 00063568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1313165     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Abelson PH. 1995. Renewable liquid fuels. Science 268: 955.
2. Ahern JI. 1980. The energy method of energy systems analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
3. Apfelbeck R, Bludau D, Krämer U. 1989. Technical improvement of systems for harvest, transport, storage and dehydration of wood and straw for energy under consideration of economical aspects. Pages 267-273 in Grassi G, Gosse G, dos Santos G, eds. Biomass for energy and industry, 5th E.C. Conference. Vol. 1. Policy, environment, production, and harvesting. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
4. Belletti A. 1987. Sweet sorghum: from harvesting to storage. Pages 129-135 in Ferrero GL, Grassi G, Williams HE, eds. Biomass energy from harvesting to storage. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
5. Betters DR, Wright LL, Couto L. 1991. Short rotation woody crop plantations in Brazil and the United States. Biomass and Bioenergy 1: 305-316.
6. Bevilacqua OM, Bernard MJ III, Maxfield DP. 1981. The environmental implications of the large scale utilization of alcohol/fuels in the United States. Pages 719-726 in Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels Technology. Vol. II, C-1. 5-8 October 1980; Guarujá, Brazil. São Paulo (Brazil): Istituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo S.A., Brazil.
7. Bludau DA. 1989. Harvest and storage of sweet sorghum. Pages 260-266 in Grassi G, Gosse G, dos Santos G, eds. Biomass for energy and industry, 5th E.C. Conference. Vol. 1. Policy, environment, production and harvesting. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
8. Brown L. 1980-1994. The state of the world. Washington (DC): Worldwatch Institute.
9. Buringh P. 1987. Bioproductivity and land potential. Pages 27-46 in Hall DO, Overend RP, eds. Biomass. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
10. [CCPCS] Commission Consultative pour la Production de Carburant de Substitution. 1991. Rapport des Travaux du Groupe Numero 1. Paris: Commission Consultative pour la Production de Carburant de Substitution.
11. Chartier PL, Savanne D. 1992. Medium-term outlook for biofuels. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie d'Agriculture de France 78: 35-50.
12. Cleveland CJ, Costanza C, Hall C, Kaufmann R. 1984. Energy and the US economy: a biophysical perspective. Science 225: 890-897.
13. [CNR-PFE] Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Progetto Finalizzato Energetica. 1979. Etanolo per Via Fermentativa. Rome: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
14. Coble CG, Sweeten JM, Egg RP, Soltes EJ, Aldred WH, Givens DA. 1985. Biological conversion and fuel utilization: fermentation for ethanol production. Pages 113-173 in Hiler EA, Stout BA, eds. Biomass energy: a monograph. College Station (TX): Texas A&M University Press.
15. Da Silva JG, Moreira JR, Conçalves JC, Goldemberg J. 1978. Energy balance for ethyl alcohol production from crops. Science 201: 903-906.
16. de Bazúa CD, Cabrero MA, Poggi HM. 1991. Vinasse biological treatment by anaerobic and aerobic processes: laboratory and pilot-plant tests. Bioresource Technology 35: 87-93.
17. Dyck WJ, Bow CA. 1992. Environmental impacts of harvesting. Biomass and Bioenergy 2: 173-191.
18. Edwards K. 1993. Soil erosion and conservation in Australia. Pages 147-170 in Pimentel D, ed. World soil erosion and conservation. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
19. Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH, Daily GC. 1993. Food security, population, and environment. Population and Development Review 19: 1-32.
20. Ellington RT, Meo M, El-Sayed DA. 1993. The net greenhouse warming forcing of methanol produced from biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy 4: 405-418.
21. [ERL] Environmental Resources Limited. 1990. Study of the environmental impacts of large scale bio-ethanol production in Europe: final report. London: Environmental Resources Limited.
22. Ferm A, Hytönen J, Vuori J. 1989. Effect of spacing and nitrogen fertilization on the establishment and biomass production of short rotation poplar in Finland. Biomass 18: 95-108.
23. Frank JR, Smith WH. 1987. Perspective on biomass research. Pages 455-464 in Smith WH, Frank JR, eds. Methane from biomass: a systems approach. New York: Elsevier Applied Science.
24. Frings RM, Hunter IR, Mackie KL. 1992. Environmental requirements in thermochemical and biochemical conversion of biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy 2: 263-278.
25. Giampietro M. 1994. Sustainability and technological development in agriculture. BioScience 44: 677-689.
26. _. 1997. Socioeconomic constraints to farming with biodiversity. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 62: 145-167.
27. Giampietro M, Cerretelli G, Pimentel D. 1992. Assessment of different agricultural production practices. Ambio 21: 451-459.
28. Giampietro M, Bukkens SGF, Pimentel D. 1993. Labor productivity: a biophysical definition and assessment. Human Ecology 21: 229-260.
29. Giampietro M, Ulgiati S, Pimentel D. 1997a. A critical appraisal of energetic assessments of biofuel production systems. Environmental Biology. Cornell University Technical Report nr 97-1.
30. Giampietro M, Bukkens SGF, Pimentel D. 1997b. Linking technology, natural resources and socioeconomic structure of human society: examples and applications. Pages 129-199 in Freese L, ed. Advances in human ecology. Vol. 6. Greenwich (CT): JAI Press.
31. Hall CAS, Cleveland CJ, Kaufmann R. 1986. Energy and resource quality. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
32. Hansen EA. 1991. Poplar woody biomass yields: a look to the future. Biomass and Bioenergy 1: 1-7.
33. Helsel Z. 1992. Energy and alternatives for fertilizer and pesticide use. Pages 177-201 in Fluck RC, ed. Energy in farm production. Vol. 6. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
34. Herendeen R, Brown S. 1987. A comparative analysis of net energy from woody biomass. Energy 12: 75-84.
35. Hohenstein WG, Wright LE. 1994. Biomass energy production in the United States: an overview. Biomass and Bioenergy 6: 161-173.
36. Holdren JP. 1982. Energy hazards: what to measure, what to compare. Technology Review 85: 32-38, 74-75.
37. Hunsaker DB, McBrayer JF, Elmore JL. 1989. Ethanol production and the environment. Energy 14: 451-468.
38. [IEA] International Energy Agency. 1994. Biofuels. Policy Analysis Series: Energy and Environment. International Energy Agency. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
39. [ILO] International Labour Office. 1992. Economically active population, estimates and projections 1950-2025. Geneva: International Labour Office.
40. [ISTAT] Istituto Centrale di Statistica. 1992. Annuario statistico Italiano. Rome: Istituto Centrale di Statistica.
41. Johansson TB, Kelly H, Reddy AKN, Williams RH, eds. 1993. Renewable energy: sources for fuels and electricity. Washington (DC): Island Press.
42. Kendall H, Pimentel D. 1994. Constraints to the world food supply. Ambio 23: 198-205.
43. Klass DL, ed. 1993. Energy from biomass and wastes XVI. Chicago: Institute of Gas Technology.
44. Lal R. 1995. The role of residues management in sustainable agricultural systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 5: 51-78.
45. Lyons GJ, Lunny E, Pollock HP. 1985. A procedure for estimating the value of forest fuels. Biomass 8: 283-300.
46. Marrow JE, Coombs J, Lees EW. 1987. An assessment of bio-ethanol as a transport fuel in the UK. Vol. 1. ETSU-R-44. London: Department of Energy/HMSO.
47. Mishra K. 1993. Cytotoxic effects of distillery waste on Allium cepa L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 50: 199-204.
48. Odum HT. 1971. Environment, power, and society. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
49. [OTA] Office of Technology Assessment, US Congress. 1993. Potential environmental impacts of bioenergy crop production. Washington (DC): US Government Printing Office. Paper nr OTA-BP-E-118.
50. Parisi F. 1983. Energy balances for ethanol as a fuel. Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology 28: 41-68.
51. Pastore G, Giampietro M, Mayumi K. 1996. Bio-economic pressure as indicator of material standard of living. Paper presented at the Fourth Biennial Meeting of the International Society of Ecological Economics (ISEE) on Designing Sustainability; 4-7 Aug 1996; Boston, MA.
52. Pellizzi G. 1986. A procedure to evaluate energy contribution of biomass. Energy in Agriculture 5: 317-324.
53. Pereira A. 1983. Employment implications of ethanol production in Brazil. International Labour Review 122: 111-127.
54. Pillet G, Baranzini A, Villet M, Collaud G. 1987. Exergy, emergy, and entropy. Pages 277-302 in Pillet G, Murota T, eds. Environmental economics: the analysis of a major interface. Geneva: Roland Leimgruber.
55. Pimentel D, Warneke AF, Teel WS, Schwab KA, Simcox NJ, Ebert DM, Baenisch KD, Aaron MR. 1988. Food versus biomass fuel: socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the United States, Brazil, India, and Kenya. Advances in Food Research 32: 185-238.
56. Pimentel D, Acquay H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M, Nelson J, Lipner V, Giordano S, Horowitz A, D'Amore M. 1992. Environmental and economic costs of pesticide use. BioScience 42: 750-760.
57. Pimentel D, Harvey C, Resosudarmo P, Sinclair K, Kurz D, McNair M, Crist S, Shpritz L, Fitton L, Saffouri R, Blair R. 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science 267: 1117-1123.
58. Rosillo-Calle F. 1987. Brazil: a biomass society. Pages 329-348 in Hall DO, Overend RP, eds. Biomass: regenerable energy. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons.
59. Schiefelbein GF. 1989. Biomass thermal gasification research: recent results from the United States DOE's Research Program. Biomass 19: 145-159.
60. Shay EG. 1993. Diesel fuel from vegetable oils: status and opportunities. Biomass and Bioenergy 4: 227-242.
61. Slesser M. 1978. Energy in the economy. New York: St. Martin's Press.
62. Sourie JC, Hautcolas J, Blanchet J. 1992. Which opportunities for the short term development of biofuels as a result of the new fiscal and regulatory provisions in France and within EEC. Comptes rendus de l'Académie d'Agriculture de France 78: 19-29.
63. Southerland D. 1995. Clinton mandate on cleaner gas was rejected. The Washington Post, 29 April 1995, sec. C, pp. 1-2.
64. Stevens DJ. 1992. Biomass conversion: an overview of the IEA bioenergy agreement task VII. Biomass and Bioenergy 2: 213-227.
65. Stout BA. 1990. Handbook of energy for world agriculture. London: Elsevier Applied Science.
66. Stuckey DC. 1986. Biogas: a global perspective. Page 18 in El-Halwagi MM, ed. Biogas technology, transfer and diffusion. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
67. Trobish KH. 1992. Recent developments in the treatment of chemical waste water in Europe. Water Science and Technology 26:319-322.
68. [TRW] TRW Energy Systems Planning Division. 1980. Energy balances in the production and end-use of alcohols derived from biomass, a fuels-specific comparative analysis of alternate ethanol production cycles. Report prepared for the US National Alcohol Fuels Commission and the Office of Advanced Technology R&D Assistant Secretary for Policy and Evaluation. Washington (DC): US Department of Energy. Document nr 97611-E002-UX-00.
69. [UN] United Nations. 1991. Energy statistics yearbook. New York: United Nations.
70. [USDA] US Department of Agriculture. 1992. Agricultural statistics. Washington (DC): US Department of Agriculture.
71. Verma SC, Misra PN. 1989. Biomass and energy production in coppice stands of Vitex negundo L. in high density plantations on marginal lands. Biomass 19: 189-194.
72. Vitousek PM, Ehrlich PR, Ehrlich AH, Matson PA. 1986. Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience 36: 368-373.
73. [WRI] World Resources Institute. 1992. World resources 1992-93. New York: Oxford University Press.
74. _. 1994. World resources 1994-95. New York: Oxford University Press.
75. Wright LL, Hohenstein WG, eds. 1994. Dedicated feedstock supply systems: their current status in the USA. Biomass and Bioenergy 6 (special issue): 159-241.
76. Wyman CE, Bain RL, Hinman ND, Stevens DJ. 1993. Ethanol and methanol from cellulosic biomass. Pages 865-923 in Johansson TB, Kelly H, Reddy AKN, Williams RH, eds. Renewable energy sources for fuels and electricity. Washington (DC): Island Press.